1.2 ព័ត៌មានលម្អិតពីបុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ និងស្ថាប័នដែលចូលរួមក្នុងការវាយតម្លៃ និងចងក្រងឯកសារនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

1.3 លក្ខខណ្ឌទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈវ៉ូខេត

តើពេលណាដែលទិន្នន័យបានចងក្រង (នៅទីវាល)?

30/04/2021

អ្នកចងក្រង និង(បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ)យល់ព្រមទទួលយកនូវលក្ខខណ្ឌនានាទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈ​ វ៉ូខេត:

បាទ/ចា៎

2.1 ពណ៌នាសង្ខេបខ្លីពីវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

CoDriVE-VI is a participatory approach that integrates local knowledge with scientific data through 3D visual modelling to assess groundwater vulnerability and support sustainable, community-based groundwater management. It overlays surface and subsurface features, enabling villagers to visualize aquifer systems and develop informed water use plans.

2.2 ពណ៌នាលម្អិតពិវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ពណ៌នាលម្អិតពិវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ:

CoDriVE-VI (Community-driven Vulnerability Evaluation – Visual Integrator) is a participatory approach developed by the Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR) to support sustainable groundwater management. It aims to demystify the invisible subsurface and make aquifer systems understandable to rural communities by combining scientific tools with local knowledge in a hands-on, visual format. While the process is facilitated by WOTR, communities are placed at the center of the process, contributing traditional insights, assisting with data collection, and actively participating in constructing and interpreting the 3D model. Thus, the approach is best described as participatory, with strong elements of community ownership and engagement.
The “Visual Integrator” refers to the integration of both surface and subsurface data—such as topography, drainage, geology, well inventory details, and geophysical survey results—into a tangible, scaled three-dimensional model. This participatory 3D modelling (P3DM) process helps communities visualize how aquifers relate to the landscape, showing key features such as recharge zones, discharge points, and areas of intensive groundwater extraction.
“Vulnerability evaluation” is carried out through the community’s participatory analysis of the model. Using the integrated visual platform, villagers can identify zones that are more vulnerable to depletion—such as those with low recharge, high borewell density, or historically declining water tables. While a formal vulnerability matrix is not used, the 3D model serves as a practical vulnerability map. It guides discussions and decisions around water budgeting, aquifer recharge, crop-water planning, and the development of informal rules for responsible groundwater use.
The methodology combines participatory rural appraisal with hydrogeological and geospatial techniques. After an initial orientation and trust-building phase, communities help map surface features. Subsurface data is then collected through geological mapping, well inventory surveys, and geophysical methods like Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES). The data are analyzed using GIS tools and inverse slope modelling. The 3D model is then constructed using layered cardboard sheets, with communities contributing throughout the process—cutting, assembling, painting, and validating the layers.
The CoDriVE-VI process unfolds in several stages: community mobilization and planning; surface and subsurface data collection; model building in participatory workshops; and result interpretation and management planning. Key stakeholders include community members, WOTR facilitators, technical experts (geologists and GIS specialists), and local governance representatives.
Participants found the visual models highly effective in helping them grasp aquifer dynamics, leading to a shift in perception—from seeing groundwater as an individual entitlement to recognizing it as a shared resource. This in turn fostered collective decision-making. The approach has also contributed to improved groundwater literacy, informed water budgeting, and motivated some villages to initiate local groundwater governance practices.
While climate change is a key driver of groundwater stress, the approach also acknowledges other socio-economic and environmental pressures—such as population growth, land-use change, deforestation, and the uncontrolled proliferation of borewells—as critical factors influencing groundwater vulnerability. By visualizing these interconnections, CoDriVE-VI supports more holistic and sustainable groundwater management at the community level.

2.3 រូបភាពនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

2.5 ប្រទេស/តំបន់/ទីតាំងកន្លែង ដែលវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយត្រូវបានអនុវត្តន៍

2.6 កាលបរិច្ឆេទនៃការចាប់ផ្តើម និងបញ្ចប់នៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយនេះ

2.8 គោលបំណង/ទិសដៅសំខាន់នៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

1. To build the capacity of rural communities to understand groundwater systems, including aquifer behavior and climate and non-climate stressors affecting groundwater availability.

2. To make subsurface aquifer characteristics visible and comprehensible through participatory 3D modelling that integrates scientific and local knowledge.

3. To foster collective ownership and sustainable management of groundwater as a shared, finite resource.

4. To support community-led evaluation of groundwater vulnerability and guide responsive actions such as water budgeting and recharge planning.

5. To document, preserve, and apply indigenous spatial knowledge related to land use, topography, and local water systems.

6. To enable informed decision-making by facilitating the transfer of community-generated insights to local governance bodies and development agencies.

2.9 លក្ខខណ្ឌអនុញ្ញាត ឬរារាំងការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេសដែលស្ថិតនៅក្រោមវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

3.1 អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធដែលបានចូលរួមក្នុងវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ និងតួនាទីរបស់ពួកគេ

3.2 ការចូលរួមរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងតំបន់/ សហគមន៍ក្នុងតំបន់ក្នុងដំណាក់កាលផ្សេងគ្នានៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

	ការចូលរួមរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងតំបន់/សហគមន៍ក្នុងតំបន់	សូមបញ្ជាក់នរណាត្រូវបានចូលរួម ព្រមទាំងពណ៌នាសកម្មភាពទាំងនោះ
ការចាប់ផ្តើម/ការលើកទឹកចិត្ត	អន្តរកម្ម	Local villagers in the project areas (e.g., Ahilyanagar and Jalna districts) were engaged early through orientation sessions. While the initiative was introduced by WOTR, community members showed interest and contributed knowledge from the beginning, especially around their water challenges and local hydrogeology.
ការរៀបចំផែនការ	អន្តរកម្ម	Villagers participated in identifying key features for surface mapping, shared traditional knowledge of aquifers and land use, and were involved in selecting locations for surveys. Their inputs shaped both the design and scale of the models.
ការអនុវត្តន៍	អន្តរកម្ម	Community members took part in well inventory surveys, guided geological observations, and actively built the 3D physical models. They also helped colour-code aquifer zones under facilitators’ guidance, and validated the data presented.
ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ	អន្តរកម្ម	During workshops and feedback sessions, villagers evaluated the accuracy of models, reflected on the implications of subsurface characteristics, and discussed how to use the insights for water budgeting and community planning
research		Community knowledge directly contributed to the research process by enriching scientific interpretations with local hydrogeological understanding. Their experiences and reflections were documented and used to improve the approach.

3.3 គំនូសបំព្រួញ (ប្រសិនបើមាន)

3.4 ការសម្រេចចិត្តលើការជ្រើសរើសបច្ចេកទេស SLM

សូមបញ្ជាក់តើអ្នកណាជាអ្នកបានសម្រេចចិត្តក្នុងការជ្រើសរើសបច្ចេកទេសដើម្បីយកមកអនុវត្តន៍:

• គ្រប់ភាគីពាក់ព័ន្ធទាំងអស់ដែលជាផ្នែកនៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយដោយមានការចូលរួម

ចូរពន្យល់:

The selection and design of the CoDriVE tool was done through participatory processes involving local communities, WOTR facilitators, and technical experts. Villagers contributed local knowledge and needs, while experts provided scientific input, ensuring collective decision-making.

សូមបញ្ជាក់ តើការសម្រេចធ្វើឡើងដោយផ្អែកលើអ្វីជាមូលដ្ឋាន:

• វាយតម្លៃទៅលើចំណេះដឹងស្តីអំពី SLM ដែលបានចងក្រងជាឯកសារបានត្រឹមត្រូវ (ផ្អែកលើភស្តុតាងជាមូលដ្ឋានដើម្បីសម្រេចចិត្ត)
• លទ្ធផលបានពីការស្រាវជ្រាវ
• បទពិសោធន៍ និងគំនិតផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន(ពុំមានចងក្រងជាឯកសារ)

• Decisions were based on field experiences from over 25 villages, scientific methods (e.g., VES surveys, GIS analysis), and documented evidence on aquifer-based planning. Local knowledge and experiential insights also guided model design and validation.

4.1 ការកសាងសមត្ថភាព/ បណ្តុះបណ្តាល

តើវគ្គបណ្តុះបណ្តាលបានផ្តល់ឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី/អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធផ្សេងៗទៀតដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់តើអ្នកណាត្រូវបានបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

• អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
• បុគ្គលិកចុះទីវាល/អ្នកផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាយោបល់

ប្រសិនទាក់ទង សូមបញ្ជាក់ ភេទ អាយុ ស្ថានភាពគ្រួសារ ជនជាតិដើមភាគតិច។ល។:

Training involved both male and female community members, including farmers, youth, and local leaders from diverse socio-economic backgrounds in the villages. Inclusive participation was encouraged throughout

ទម្រង់នៃការបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

• អនុវត្តន៍ជាមួយការងារ
• ពីកសិករទីកសិករ
• ទីតាំងបង្ហាញ
• ការប្រជុំជាសាធារណៈ

ប្រធានបទបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

•Basic concepts of hydrogeology and aquifers
•Groundwater vulnerability and common pool resource concepts
•Surface and subsurface mapping
•Use of Participatory 3D Modelling (P3DM)
•Groundwater budgeting
•Climate change impacts on water resources
•Community-led planning and rule-setting for water use

4.2 សេវាផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាយោបល់

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីបានទទួលនូវសេវាផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាដែរ ឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រសិនបើសេវាកម្មប្រឹក្សាយោបល់ត្រូវបានផ្តល់ឱ្យ:

• នៅលើដីរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
• នៅមជ្ឈមណ្ឌលជាអចិន្ត្រៃ

ពណ៌នា/ពន្យល់:

WOTR provided technical assistance through facilitators and hydrogeology experts. These acted as advisors, guiding communities in surveys, model interpretation, and decision-making.

4.3 ការពង្រឹងសមត្ថភាពស្ថាប័ន (ការអភិរឌ្ឍន៍អង្គភាព)

តើស្ថាប័នទាំងអស់ត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើង ឬពង្រឹងសមត្ថភាពតាមរយៈវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែរ ឬទេ?

• បាទ/ច៎ា ជាមធ្យម

សូមបញ្ជាក់ថាតើស្ថាប័នត្រូវបានពង្រឹង ឬបង្កើតឡើងនៅត្រឹមកម្រិតណា(ច្រើន)?

• ថ្នាក់មូលដ្ឋាន

ចូពណ៌នាពីស្ថាប័ន តួនាទី និងទំនួលខុសត្រូវ សមាជិក ។ល។:

Village Water User Groups (VWUGs) and local governance committees were strengthened to coordinate groundwater management activities. Their roles included planning water use, monitoring aquifer health, implementing community water rules, and facilitating knowledge sharing. Members typically included local farmers, community leaders, and field facilitators

សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រភេទនៃការគាំទ្រ:

• ការកសាងសមត្ថភាព/ បណ្តុះបណ្តាល
• សម្ភារៈ

សូមផ្តល់ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែមទៀតឱ្យបានលម្អិត:

The strengthening focused on enhancing institutional capacity to support community-driven water resource management. Training sessions improved leadership and technical skills, enabling institutions to take ownership of groundwater sustainability. Equipment such as GPS units and simple monitoring devices were provided to aid local data collection and verification.

4.4 ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ

តើការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃគឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

មតិយោបល់:

Monitoring was integrated through periodic community workshops, feedback sessions, and participatory verification of groundwater models. Evaluation focused on assessing the accuracy of aquifer mapping, effectiveness of capacity building, and impact on local water management practices.

ប្រសិន បាទ/ច៎ា តើឯកសារនេះបានបង្កើតឡើងក្នុងគោលបំណងប្រើប្រាស់សម្រាប់ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

មតិយោបល់:

This documentation serves as a reference for tracking the implementation process, assessing community engagement, and evaluating outcomes. It can be used to guide adaptive management and inform replication in other regions.

4.5 ការស្រាវជ្រាវ

តើការស្រាវជ្រាវ គឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃវិធីសាស្រ្តដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

បញ្ជាក់ប្រធានបទ:

• សង្គមវិទ្យា
• បរិស្ថានវិទ្យា
• បច្ចេកវិទ្យា

• Hydrogeology and participatory modelling

សូមផ្តល់ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែមទៀតឱ្យបានលម្អិត និងចង្អុលបង្ហាញនរណាដែលបានធ្វើការស្រាវជ្រាវ:

Research was integral to developing and refining the CoDriVE methodology. Hydrogeologists and social scientists collaborated with local communities to understand groundwater systems and social dynamics influencing water use. Technology research focused on participatory 3D modeling tools and groundwater budgeting techniques. WOTR staff, partnered with academic institutions and experts in hydrogeology, led the research activities. Community feedback was also systematically documented to improve approaches.

5.1 ថវិកាប្រចាំឆ្នាំសម្រាប់ផ្សព្វផ្សាយ SLM

ប្រសិនបើចំនួនពិតប្រាកដនៃថវិកាប្រចាំឆ្នាំមិនត្រូវបានដឹងច្បាស់ សូមប្រាប់ពីចន្លោះនៃថវិកានោះ:

• 10,000-100,000

មតិយោបល់ (ឧ. ប្រភពសំខាន់នៃមូលនិធិ/ម្ចាស់ជំនួយចំបង):

Funding mainly came from government development programs and international donor agencies supporting WOTR’s groundwater management initiatives. Major donors included state water departments and NGOs focused on sustainable water use.

5.2 ការគាំទ្រផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ / សម្ភារៈដែលបានផ្តល់ទៅឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីបានទទួលការគាំទ្រផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថ/សម្ភារៈសម្រាប់ការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេសដែរឬទេ:

បាទ/ចា៎

ប្រសិនបាទ/ច៎ា សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រភេទ(ច្រើន)នៃការគាំទ្រ លក្ខខណ្ឌ និងអ្នកផ្តល់ឱ្យ(ច្រើន):

Material support included provision of tools and equipment such as GPS devices and monitoring kits, provided free or at subsidized cost by project partners. Some minor financial incentives were given as stipends during training sessions. Support was conditional on active participation in capacity-building and water management activities. Providers included WOTR and partner NGOs.

5.3 សូមបញ្ជាក់ពីធាតុចូលត្រូវបានផ្តល់បដិភាគ (រួមទាំងកម្លាំងពលកម្ម)

• កម្លាំងពលកម្ម

ប្រសិនបើកម្លាំងពលកម្មធ្វើដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី តើវាជាធាតុចូលដ៏សំខាន់មួយដែរ ឬទេ:

• ដោយស្ម័គ្រចិត្ត

មតិយោបល់:

Most of the labour contributed by land users and local communities during planning, mapping, and 3D model building was voluntary. In some cases, key technical or facilitative roles were partly supported by the implementing agency. No direct subsidies were provided for equipment, tools, or construction inputs under this approach

5.4 ឥណទាន

តើឥណទានដែលបានផ្តល់នៅក្រោមវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយសម្រាប់សកម្មភាព SLM នេះយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច?

ទេ

5.5 ការលើកទឹកចិត្ត ឬវិធីសាស្ត្រដ៏ទៃទៀត

តើមានការលើកទឹកចិត្តផ្សេងទៀត ឬឧបករណ៍ប្រើប្រាស់ដើម្បីលើកកម្ពស់ការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេស SLM?

បាទ/ចា៎

បើបាទ/ចា៎ សូមបញ្ជាក់:

Supportive policies included local water governance regulations encouraging sustainable groundwater use and community rule enforcement. NGO advocacy helped secure government backing for participatory water management.

6.1 ផលប៉ះពាល់នៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

6.2 ការលើកទឹកចិត្តចម្បងៗរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីសម្រាប់ការអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស SLM

6.3 សកម្មភាពផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែលប្រកបដោយចីរភាព

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីអាចធ្វើឱ្យមានចីរភាពនូវអ្វីដែលត្រូវបានអនុវត្តន៍តាមរយៈវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែរឬទេ(ដោយពុំមានការគាំទ្រពីអ្នកខាងក្រៅ)?

• មិនប្រាកដ

ប្រសិន ទេ ឬមិនប្រាកដសូមបញ្ជាក់ និងពន្យល់:

While the approach may be effective, its long-term viability or replication across other areas could be "uncertain" because:
It relies on external scientific expertise (e.g., geophysical surveys, 3D model building).
There are financial implications (e.g., cost of equipment, facilitation, training).
Communities might not be able to independently replicate or sustain it without ongoing support.

6.4 ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាស ទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
Enhanced groundwater understanding: The 3D model helped farmers visualize aquifer connectivity, which improved their awareness of water scarcity and led to better planning
Collective decision-making: The approach promoted social cohesion and encouraged joint management of groundwater as a common resource.
Practical application: Enabled decisions on water budgeting, cropping patterns, and site selection for recharge structures
Inclusiveness: Encouraged participation of all sections of the village including women and marginal landholders
Created a visual tool that villagers could present in Gram Sabha meetings and discussions with local authorities

ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាស​ ទស្សនៈរបស់បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ
Bridges science and local knowledge: CoDriVE-VI effectively demystifies hydrogeology by integrating local understanding with technical surveys
Low-cost and replicable: Uses locally available materials (e.g., cardboard) and community manpower.
Supports policy alignment: The approach aligns with national programs like NAQUIM and Atal Bhujal Yojana, enabling scale-up
Encourages behaviour change through experiential learning—participants shift from individual to community-centered groundwater thinking

6.5 ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រ និងរកដំណោះស្រាយ

ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិ/ ហានិភ័យ ទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី	តើបច្ចេកទេសទាំងនោះបានដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាដូចម្តេច?
Time-consuming model preparation: Building the physical 3D model takes effort and coordination.	Train local youth/facilitators to manage the model-building steps and streamline the process
Initial difficulty in understanding hydrogeological concepts: Terms like "resistivity" or "aquifer" were hard to grasp	Use simplified language, analogies, and step-by-step facilitation.
Models can be physically damaged over time	Store models in safe, community-designated spaces or digitize versions where feasible.

ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិ/ ហានិភ័យក្នុងទស្សនៈរបស់បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ	តើបច្ចេកទេសទាំងនោះបានដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាដូចម្តេច?
Limited scalability without facilitation support: While the model is low-cost, initiating the process requires trained facilitators	Create a cadre of local groundwater ambassadors trained in CoDriVE-VI.
Not linked directly to economic incentives: Without immediate financial benefits, long-term engagement may decline.	Integrate with livelihood programs (e.g., water-efficient cropping, irrigation advisories).
Not institutionalized within local governance systems	Advocate for formal integration into Gram Panchayat and watershed planning protocols.

7.1 វិធីសាស្ត្រ/ ប្រភពនៃព័ត៌មាន

7.2 ឯកសារយោងដែលបានចេញផ្សាយ

ចំណងជើង អ្នកនិពន្ធ ឆ្នាំ ISBN:

Chemburkar S., Kale E., 2021. Making the Invisible, Visible: Manual for preparing Co-DriVE - Visual Integrator to o

7.3 ចូលទៅទាញយកឯកសារពាក់ព័ន្ធដែលមានលើបណ្តាញអ៊ិនធឺណែត

ចំណងជើង/ ពណ៌នា:

Manual for preparing CoDriVE

វេបសាយ:

https://wotr-website-publications.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/156_Making_the_Invisible_Visible_A_Manual_for_Preparing_the_CoDriVE_Visual_Integrator.pdf

ចំណងជើង/ ពណ៌នា:

Report

វេបសាយ:

Chemburkar S., Kale E., 2021. Making the Invisible, Visible: Manual for preparing Co-DriVE - Visual Integrator to overlay surface and sub-surface characteristics for sustainable groundwater management, WOTR