1.2 ព័ត៌មានលម្អិតពីបុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ និងស្ថាប័នដែលចូលរួមក្នុងការវាយតម្លៃ និងចងក្រងឯកសារនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

1.3 លក្ខខណ្ឌទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈវ៉ូខេត

តើពេលណាដែលទិន្នន័យបានចងក្រង (នៅទីវាល)?

06/07/2009

អ្នកចងក្រង និង(បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ)យល់ព្រមទទួលយកនូវលក្ខខណ្ឌនានាទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈ​ វ៉ូខេត:

បាទ/ចា៎

2.1 ពណ៌នាសង្ខេបខ្លីពីវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

The use of the government appointed District Womens Affair Officer to mobilise women throughout the community to implement technologies.

2.2 ពណ៌នាលម្អិតពិវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ពណ៌នាលម្អិតពិវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ:

Aims / objectives: The aim of the approach was to empower women through support from the government’s Women's Affairs Officer (WAO), to implement low cost energy efficient technologies within individual households. Women being the primary users of energy within the household, can become the main agents for change in applying more efficient methods to the use of natural resources to meet their cooking, heating and energy needs. Therefore, reducing fuel costs, and dependence upon local natural resources. The district local government employs a WAO, who is the government representative for women’s issues in the district. Once the WAO became supportive of the idea, she was able to engage the Women’s Affairs Officers at the Jamoat level.

Methods: This approach is fundamentally a training pyramid approach. An expert conducted a series of training sessions to interested women on the details of the technology. The training involves demonstrations of the technology, it's benefits, information on how to purchase or make the material required, and how to implement the technology. The first session is a ‘Training of Trainers’. The participants are then provided with training materials, and are invited to replicate the training in their own community. The process is continuously repeated, subsequently broadening the target audience. Zamzam, the local women’s association of the district helped suggest potential community candidates for trainers, and provided practical training sessions on energy efficiency measures through the TOT.

Stages of implementation: The implementation of the project started with an inception meeting with the District Women’s Affairs Officer to sell the idea, and to gain the local government’s support. Once she was supportive of the idea, a district level meeting was held with all the Women’s Affairs Officers at the local level (i.e. Jamoat) and two women representatives from each Jamoat. At this meeting the ladies were introduced to the technology i.e. cooking stove modification and heat exchangers. The meeting further discussed on how each jamoat would receive training, and what training materials were to be distributed to the communities. The meeting enabled issues with the technology, logistics, monitoring and overall set up of the approach to be discussed. Afterwards an expert trained a group of women from each Jamoat on the technology and provided them with materials so that the training could be repeated within their own communities.

Role of stakeholders: This is a women's led approach, the Women’s' representative within the government, who are also Women’s association members, were responsible for organisation of the trainers, logistics and government documentation support. With support from Zamzam, the active women in the community were selected as trainers to receive training from the experts and provide subsequent outreach training to their communities.

2.3 រូបភាពនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

2.5 ប្រទេស/តំបន់/ទីតាំងកន្លែង ដែលវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយត្រូវបានអនុវត្តន៍

2.6 កាលបរិច្ឆេទនៃការចាប់ផ្តើម និងបញ្ចប់នៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយនេះ

2.7 ប្រភេទនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

• governmental

2.8 គោលបំណង/ទិសដៅសំខាន់នៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Energy Efficiency)

The aim of the approach was to mobilise the women within the community through the use of the government appointed District Women's Affairs Officer. Once the government appointee was engaged in the promotion of the technology, she was able to use her position to mobilise the Women's Representative at the local government level (Jamoat), and subsequently women's representatives within each village level. The approach exploits the existing government's women's network to empower women to implement technologies, whilst also gaining government support and assistance.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The average household in the Muminabad area uses several tonnes of tapak (dung and straw mix) and firewood each year for cooking, baking and heating. This puts excessive strain on the local natural resources, and significantly reduces the amount of organic fertiliser used in land management, as well as the removal of tree and shrubs that stabilise the land and help prevent erosion from wind, surface water run off and livestock grazing.

2.9 លក្ខខណ្ឌអនុញ្ញាត ឬរារាំងការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេសដែលស្ថិតនៅក្រោមវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

3.1 អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធដែលបានចូលរួមក្នុងវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ និងតួនាទីរបស់ពួកគេ

3.2 ការចូលរួមរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងតំបន់/ សហគមន៍ក្នុងតំបន់ក្នុងដំណាក់កាលផ្សេងគ្នានៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

	ការចូលរួមរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងតំបន់/សហគមន៍ក្នុងតំបន់	សូមបញ្ជាក់នរណាត្រូវបានចូលរួម ព្រមទាំងពណ៌នាសកម្មភាពទាំងនោះ
ការចាប់ផ្តើម/ការលើកទឹកចិត្ត	គំនិតផ្តួចផ្តើមដោយខ្ឡួនឯង	It was members of the local community that thought of the idea and approached the governments Women's Affair Officer.
ការរៀបចំផែនការ	អន្តរកម្ម	The local stakeholders organised a initial meeting to plan the implementation of the approach.
ការអនុវត្តន៍	គំនិតផ្តួចផ្តើមដោយខ្ឡួនឯង	Implementation was entirely through the local community, including government representatives at district and local level.
ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ	ការគាំទ្រពីខាងក្រៅ	This was undertaken by the donor and at the district level.
Research	គ្មាន	None

3.3 គំនូសបំព្រួញ (ប្រសិនបើមាន)

3.4 ការសម្រេចចិត្តលើការជ្រើសរើសបច្ចេកទេស SLM

សូមបញ្ជាក់តើអ្នកណាជាអ្នកបានសម្រេចចិត្តក្នុងការជ្រើសរើសបច្ចេកទេសដើម្បីយកមកអនុវត្តន៍:

• អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី ដោយមានការគាំទ្រពីអ្នកជំនាញឯកទេស SLM

ចូរពន្យល់:

The idea for the approach was developed by representatives of the local community, who were interested in implementing a technology that would improve the lives of women in the community.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users. The technology of improved cooking stoves was already developed, tried and tested, the approach orginated from already knowing which technology to implement.

4.1 ការកសាងសមត្ថភាព/ បណ្តុះបណ្តាល

តើវគ្គបណ្តុះបណ្តាលបានផ្តល់ឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី/អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធផ្សេងៗទៀតដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់តើអ្នកណាត្រូវបានបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

• បុគ្គលិកចុះទីវាល/អ្នកផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាយោបល់

• Women's groups

ប្រសិនទាក់ទង សូមបញ្ជាក់ ភេទ អាយុ ស្ថានភាពគ្រួសារ ជនជាតិដើមភាគតិច។ល។:

The project personnel provided the initial training to the women, who in turn then trained within their own communities.

ទម្រង់នៃការបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

• ពីកសិករទីកសិករ
• ទីតាំងបង្ហាញ

ទម្រង់នៃការបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

• Training was held within the communties.

ប្រធានបទបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

The training was on energy efficiency measures, and how to reduce the amount of organic material used as fuel.

4.2 សេវាផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាយោបល់

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីបានទទួលនូវសេវាផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាដែរ ឬទេ?

ទេ

4.3 ការពង្រឹងសមត្ថភាពស្ថាប័ន (ការអភិរឌ្ឍន៍អង្គភាព)

តើស្ថាប័នទាំងអស់ត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើង ឬពង្រឹងសមត្ថភាពតាមរយៈវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែរ ឬទេ?

• បាទ/ច៎ា បានខ្លាំង

សូមបញ្ជាក់ថាតើស្ថាប័នត្រូវបានពង្រឹង ឬបង្កើតឡើងនៅត្រឹមកម្រិតណា(ច្រើន)?

• ថ្នាក់មូលដ្ឋាន

សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រភេទនៃការគាំទ្រ:

• ការកសាងសមត្ថភាព/ បណ្តុះបណ្តាល

សូមផ្តល់ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែមទៀតឱ្យបានលម្អិត:

Local NGO Zam Zam, a women's network, was used to conduct the training.

4.4 ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ

តើការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃគឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

មតិយោបល់:

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: The quality of the training was observed.

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: The number of women that received training was monitored.

There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: None

There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: None

4.5 ការស្រាវជ្រាវ

តើការស្រាវជ្រាវ គឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃវិធីសាស្រ្តដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

5.1 ថវិកាប្រចាំឆ្នាំសម្រាប់ផ្សព្វផ្សាយ SLM

ប្រសិនបើចំនួនពិតប្រាកដនៃថវិកាប្រចាំឆ្នាំមិនត្រូវបានដឹងច្បាស់ សូមប្រាប់ពីចន្លោះនៃថវិកានោះ:

• 2,000-10,000

មតិយោបល់ (ឧ. ប្រភពសំខាន់នៃមូលនិធិ/ម្ចាស់ជំនួយចំបង):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (Government covered costs related to workshop for women's groups): 10.0%; international non-government (Covered the expenses such as travel and materials.): 90.0%

5.2 ការគាំទ្រផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ / សម្ភារៈដែលបានផ្តល់ទៅឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីបានទទួលការគាំទ្រផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថ/សម្ភារៈសម្រាប់ការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេសដែរឬទេ:

បាទ/ចា៎

ប្រសិនបាទ/ច៎ា សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រភេទ(ច្រើន)នៃការគាំទ្រ លក្ខខណ្ឌ និងអ្នកផ្តល់ឱ្យ(ច្រើន):

The state provided personnel support and facilities for meetings

5.3 សូមបញ្ជាក់ពីធាតុចូលត្រូវបានផ្តល់បដិភាគ (រួមទាំងកម្លាំងពលកម្ម)

• សម្ភារៈ

• ផ្សេងៗ

ប្រសិនបើកម្លាំងពលកម្មធ្វើដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី តើវាជាធាតុចូលដ៏សំខាន់មួយដែរ ឬទេ:

• ដោយស្ម័គ្រចិត្ត

មតិយោបល់:

It is a relatively low cost approach that required traing materials, transport and demonstration equipment. The main part of the finance was required for the implementation stage of the technology, whereby half the costs were met by the land user and the rest by the donor.

5.4 ឥណទាន

តើឥណទានដែលបានផ្តល់នៅក្រោមវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយសម្រាប់សកម្មភាព SLM នេះយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច?

ទេ

6.1 ផលប៉ះពាល់នៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

6.2 ការលើកទឹកចិត្តចម្បងៗរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីសម្រាប់ការអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស SLM

6.3 សកម្មភាពផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែលប្រកបដោយចីរភាព

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីអាចធ្វើឱ្យមានចីរភាពនូវអ្វីដែលត្រូវបានអនុវត្តន៍តាមរយៈវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែរឬទេ(ដោយពុំមានការគាំទ្រពីអ្នកខាងក្រៅ)?

• បាទ/ចា៎

ប្រសិនបាទ/ច៎ា សូមរៀបរាប់ថាធ្វើយ៉ាងម៉េច:

The approach needs minimal finance to continue.

6.4 ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាស ទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
It is easy to train a group of women, it is much harder to train men. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The women could benefit from further instructions on how to train. )

ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាស​ ទស្សនៈរបស់បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ
The approach incorporates government support. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: It may mean that further approaches and endorsements will have government support and generate further interest from the authorites.)
The approach is easy to replicate and has the potential to reach many beneficaries. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: It could be replicated in other areas and regions. )
The approach is designed specifically for the target beneficaries. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Other technologies that specifically benefit women could adopt this approach.)

6.5 ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រ និងរកដំណោះស្រាយ

ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិ/ ហានិភ័យក្នុងទស្សនៈរបស់បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ	តើបច្ចេកទេសទាំងនោះបានដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាដូចម្តេច?
Because the approach is specifically for women it could limit the uptake by men.	Maybe subsequent training sessions could be held for men.
Some of the poorer households were not in a position to contribute to buying the materials or to implement the technology. This, therefore, exclused the poorest in the community.	Other memebers of the community could provide support. It should be noted that any contribution no matter how small puts a financial worth on the technology.

7.1 វិធីសាស្ត្រ/ ប្រភពនៃព័ត៌មាន