1.2 ព័ត៌មានលម្អិតពីបុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ និងស្ថាប័នដែលចូលរួមក្នុងការវាយតម្លៃ និងចងក្រងឯកសារនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ឈ្មោះអង្គភាពមួយ (ច្រើន) ដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារ/ វាយតម្លៃលើវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ (បើទាក់ទង)

ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) - ប្រទេសនេប៉ាល់

ឈ្មោះអង្គភាពមួយ (ច្រើន) ដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារ/ វាយតម្លៃលើវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ (បើទាក់ទង)

iDE Nepal (iDE Nepal) - ប្រទេសនេប៉ាល់

1.3 លក្ខខណ្ឌទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈវ៉ូខេត

តើពេលណាដែលទិន្នន័យបានចងក្រង (នៅទីវាល)?

01/03/2013

អ្នកចងក្រង និង(បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ)យល់ព្រមទទួលយកនូវលក្ខខណ្ឌនានាទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈ​ វ៉ូខេត:

បាទ/ចា៎

1.4 ការយោងមួយ (ច្រើន) ទៅលើ (កម្រង) បញ្ជីសំណួរនៃបច្ចេកទេស SLM

2.1 ពណ៌នាសង្ខេបខ្លីពីវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

Discussions and structured interactions between farmers and the different actors involved throughout the market chain can help to stimulate joint innovations based on shared ideas and mutual trust.

2.2 ពណ៌នាលម្អិតពិវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ពណ៌នាលម្អិតពិវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ:

Aims / objectives: Most Nepalese rural smallholder landowners are subsistence farmers; when they attempt to produce high value crops such as vegetables for income generation they are often disappointed because they end up selling their produce at local markets for marginal profits. They mostly work alone and, for the most part, their efforts are poorly rewarded, since every step of the value chain is either unmanaged, badly structured, or otherwise uncoordinated. A first step towards addressing the myriad challenges and special needs faced by these smallholder farmers can be to use an adapted version of the participatory market chain approach (PMCA). This approach can help them to improve their livelihoods by building their capacity and assisting them to coordinate and form linkages with other smallholder producers and actors all along the market chain.

Methods: The participatory market chain approach uses the tools of rapid market assessment, focus group discussions, stakeholder interviews, and interaction workshops to help identify the constraints and opportunities faced by each of the different actors in the market chain. This approach uses a set of guidelines to help achieve well-defined objectives at specific points as the programme is implemented.

Stages of implementation: Overall, the long-term objective of the PMCA is to help alleviate the poverty of smallholder producers by introducing market chain innovations, and in particular participation and collaboration among the different market chain actors. Once a given set of conditions is found to work, they can benefit a larger number of farmers if the findings are documented and disseminated among organizations and agencies who share the same goals.
The PMCA approach is executed in three phases:
Phase 1: The different actors along the market chain get to know each other. They analyse their situation with the help of market chain sketch tools. By the end of Phase 1, they form a thematic group.
Phase 2: The group analyses potential business opportunities by using a variety of tools such as: rapid market appraisal, quantitative market survey/study, and focus group discussions.
Phase 3: They put into practice the work plan that they have devised to implement the proposed innovations and continue to work on ideas for commercially viable products using the market concept and business plan development tools.

2.3 រូបភាពនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

2.5 ប្រទេស/តំបន់/ទីតាំងកន្លែង ដែលវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយត្រូវបានអនុវត្តន៍

2.7 ប្រភេទនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

• ផ្អែកលើគម្រោង/កម្មវិធី

2.8 គោលបំណង/ទិសដៅសំខាន់នៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (marketing of agricultural commodities)

• Develop collection centres at the local level
• Strengthen linkages with the concerned development agencies, service providers, and related market chain actors
• Help smallholder farmers to work with a market-led production plan
• Summarize and share the information gathered with the concerned development organizations in order to scale up the approach
• Develop an action plan based on discussions held with thematic group members and market chain actors

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: • At the local level, the markets are poorly structured and poorly managed; there is a lack of systematic marketing for agricultural commodities.
• There is little knowledge of post-harvest processing which would add value to agricultural produce.
• The links and coordination between service providers, market actors, and stakeholders are poor.
• There is insufficient knowledge of institutional development and of the import role it plays in getting products to market.
• Smallholder farmers do not have access to pricing information.
• Distrust and misunderstanding prevail at every step along the market chain.

2.9 លក្ខខណ្ឌអនុញ្ញាត ឬរារាំងការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេសដែលស្ថិតនៅក្រោមវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

3.1 អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធដែលបានចូលរួមក្នុងវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ និងតួនាទីរបស់ពួកគេ

3.2 ការចូលរួមរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងតំបន់/ សហគមន៍ក្នុងតំបន់ក្នុងដំណាក់កាលផ្សេងគ្នានៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

	ការចូលរួមរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងតំបន់/សហគមន៍ក្នុងតំបន់	សូមបញ្ជាក់នរណាត្រូវបានចូលរួម ព្រមទាំងពណ៌នាសកម្មភាពទាំងនោះ
ការចាប់ផ្តើម/ការលើកទឹកចិត្ត	អន្តរកម្ម	Public meetings, focus group discussions, interviews, market surveys and rapid market assessments, impact filters
ការរៀបចំផែនការ	គំនិតផ្តួចផ្តើមដោយខ្ឡួនឯង	Market constraints and opportunities are identified; actors throughout the market chain and members of thematic groups develop future plans based on their assessment of the business potential for local products and services.
ការអនុវត្តន៍	គំនិតផ្តួចផ្តើមដោយខ្ឡួនឯង	The PMCA is implemented through the Marketing Planning Committee and collection centres by various actors from throughout the market chain and members of the various thematic groups; skilled staff from the R&D organization helps with facilitation.
ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ	គំនិតផ្តួចផ្តើមដោយខ្ឡួនឯង	Members of the various thematic groups and the MPC jointly monitor and evaluate plans and achievements on a regular basis.
Research	អន្តរកម្ម	The approach is applied by the thematic groups. R&D organizations help these groups to analyse both quantitative and qualitative information.

3.3 គំនូសបំព្រួញ (ប្រសិនបើមាន)

3.4 ការសម្រេចចិត្តលើការជ្រើសរើសបច្ចេកទេស SLM

សូមបញ្ជាក់តើអ្នកណាជាអ្នកបានសម្រេចចិត្តក្នុងការជ្រើសរើសបច្ចេកទេសដើម្បីយកមកអនុវត្តន៍:

• អ្នកជំនាញឯកទេស SLM បន្ទាប់ពីបានប្រឹក្សាយោបល់ជាមួយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី

ចូរពន្យល់:

Initially, the choice of the PMCA approach was made by national and international specialists in consultation with local people. It was first offered by a research and development organization, but as everyone came to see how valuable it was, it was eventually taken on by local people and is now offered by various groups to everyone throughout the market chain.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users

4.1 ការកសាងសមត្ថភាព/ បណ្តុះបណ្តាល

តើវគ្គបណ្តុះបណ្តាលបានផ្តល់ឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី/អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធផ្សេងៗទៀតដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់តើអ្នកណាត្រូវបានបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

• អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
• បុគ្គលិកចុះទីវាល/អ្នកផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាយោបល់

ទម្រង់នៃការបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

• ពីកសិករទីកសិករ
• ទីតាំងបង្ហាញ
• ការប្រជុំជាសាធារណៈ
• វគ្គបណ្តុះបណ្តាល

4.2 សេវាផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាយោបល់

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីបានទទួលនូវសេវាផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាដែរ ឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រសិនបើសេវាកម្មប្រឹក្សាយោបល់ត្រូវបានផ្តល់ឱ្យ:

• នៅមជ្ឈមណ្ឌលជាអចិន្ត្រៃ

ពណ៌នា/ពន្យល់:

Name of method used for advisory service: Training and workshop; Key elements: a market-led production plan, technical training for the thematic groups and regular monitoring of land users' fields, facilitation of joint programme planning and implementation.

4.3 ការពង្រឹងសមត្ថភាពស្ថាប័ន (ការអភិរឌ្ឍន៍អង្គភាព)

តើស្ថាប័នទាំងអស់ត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើង ឬពង្រឹងសមត្ថភាពតាមរយៈវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែរ ឬទេ?

• បាទ/ច៎ា ជាមធ្យម

សូមបញ្ជាក់ថាតើស្ថាប័នត្រូវបានពង្រឹង ឬបង្កើតឡើងនៅត្រឹមកម្រិតណា(ច្រើន)?

• ថ្នាក់មូលដ្ឋាន

សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រភេទនៃការគាំទ្រ:

• ការកសាងសមត្ថភាព/ បណ្តុះបណ្តាល

សូមផ្តល់ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែមទៀតឱ្យបានលម្អិត:

The groups that were given market-centred training, and technical training on high value vegetable production and post harvest processing. Participants included members of village development committees, local governance and community development programmes (LCGDP), community forest users' groups, youth clubs, and women's groups.

4.4 ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ

តើការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃគឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

មតិយោបល់:

technical aspects were monitored through observations; indicators: Commercial production and collective marketing

socio-cultural aspects were monitored through observations; indicators: This approach increased their bargaining power and made them aware of current market prices for their high-value products.

economic / production aspects were monitored through observations; indicators: Market-led production and the application of post harvest processing techniques

area treated aspects were monitored through observations; indicators: The Marketing Planning Committee surveyed the area.

no. of land users involved aspects were monitored through observations; indicators: Some 200–750 farmers were involved in the Market Planning Committee and the collection centre.

management of Approach aspects were monitored through observations; indicators: Various actors from all along the market chain participated; regular observations were made and training was given to facilitate the implementation of innovative activities.

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: The focus was on the collective marketing of smallholder farmers' vegetable produce. These farmers now work towards market-led production through regular meetings and trainings; they market collectively, and have better post-harvest processing. It is helping to empower women and members of disadvantaged groups and to improve their livelihoods.

4.5 ការស្រាវជ្រាវ

តើការស្រាវជ្រាវ គឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃវិធីសាស្រ្តដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមផ្តល់ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែមទៀតឱ្យបានលម្អិត និងចង្អុលបង្ហាញនរណាដែលបានធ្វើការស្រាវជ្រាវ:

This approach is the result of research which took place in Peru and Uganda. It has been adapted to the vegetable sub- sector in Nepal by IDE Nepal in collaboration with local NGOs. Both the government of Nepal and other local NGOs are in the process of adopting and piloting what was learned.

5.1 ថវិកាប្រចាំឆ្នាំសម្រាប់ផ្សព្វផ្សាយ SLM

ប្រសិនបើចំនួនពិតប្រាកដនៃថវិកាប្រចាំឆ្នាំមិនត្រូវបានដឹងច្បាស់ សូមប្រាប់ពីចន្លោះនៃថវិកានោះ:

• 2,000-10,000

មតិយោបល់ (ឧ. ប្រភពសំខាន់នៃមូលនិធិ/ម្ចាស់ជំនួយចំបង):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international non-government: 60.0%; private sector: 10.0%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc): 10.0%; local community / land user(s): 20.0%

5.2 ការគាំទ្រផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ / សម្ភារៈដែលបានផ្តល់ទៅឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីបានទទួលការគាំទ្រផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថ/សម្ភារៈសម្រាប់ការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេសដែរឬទេ:

បាទ/ចា៎

5.3 សូមបញ្ជាក់ពីធាតុចូលត្រូវបានផ្តល់បដិភាគ (រួមទាំងកម្លាំងពលកម្ម)

ប្រសិនបើកម្លាំងពលកម្មធ្វើដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី តើវាជាធាតុចូលដ៏សំខាន់មួយដែរ ឬទេ:

• ដោយស្ម័គ្រចិត្ត

មតិយោបល់:

The project demonstrated new agricultural technologies only once; after that, the various groups adopted new technologies at their own cost.

5.4 ឥណទាន

តើឥណទានដែលបានផ្តល់នៅក្រោមវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយសម្រាប់សកម្មភាព SLM នេះយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច?

ទេ

6.1 ផលប៉ះពាល់នៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

6.3 សកម្មភាពផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែលប្រកបដោយចីរភាព

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីអាចធ្វើឱ្យមានចីរភាពនូវអ្វីដែលត្រូវបានអនុវត្តន៍តាមរយៈវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែរឬទេ(ដោយពុំមានការគាំទ្រពីអ្នកខាងក្រៅ)?

• បាទ/ចា៎

ប្រសិនបាទ/ច៎ា សូមរៀបរាប់ថាធ្វើយ៉ាងម៉េច:

The approach can be replicated without external support. Once a core group of smallholder farmers understands the approach, they can pass on the know-how to others through regular meetings and other vehicles. The establishment of the collection centre is an activity that should yield benefits for a long time to come.

6.4 ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាស​ ទស្សនៈរបស់បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ
Everyone along the market chain is involved in making decisions about the choice of high value crops and their marketing. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: It is important to continue the regular meetings in order to assure the continued success of the present activities and to introduce innovations.)
The PMCA has proven that it can be a valuable tool for all stakeholders along the market chain to help them design and implement programmes. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Lobby the government and other agencies to replicate the PMCA in other areas and agencies.)
The approach helped to build relationships and trust among the market chain actors and it led to increased vegetable production and increased earnings for farmers. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Upgrading the market planning committee to a cooperative would help to generate more resources from the members.)
Farmers sell their produce through the collection centre in a collective marketing approach. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: If this approach is documented and disseminated, other areas of the country can learn from it and replicate it.)

6.5 ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រ និងរកដំណោះស្រាយ

ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិ/ ហានិភ័យក្នុងទស្សនៈរបស់បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ	តើបច្ចេកទេសទាំងនោះបានដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាដូចម្តេច?
Smallholder farmers cannot always produce enough high value crops to sell profitably; it can be a challenge to transport crops to the collection centre.	Farmers need time and support in order to learn how to adopt commercial farming methods and how to market their produce collectively
When only smallholder farmers are involved, the meetings of the thematic groups can be sporadic.	Need to involve commercial farmers in the thematic groups.
The PMCA process has not been well documented for replication.	Clear documentation is necessary so that the results can be replicated in other areas.
Smallholder farmers often do not have the means to implement innovations.	Provide some seed money for thematic groups; development organizations who plan to implement the PMCA approach can provide this.

7.1 វិធីសាស្ត្រ/ ប្រភពនៃព័ត៌មាន

7.2 ឯកសារយោងដែលបានចេញផ្សាយ

ចំណងជើង អ្នកនិពន្ធ ឆ្នាំ ISBN:

Participatory market chain approach (PMCA): user guide (unpublished). Kathmandu, Nepal: IDE Nepal, RIU Project, Thomas, T; Graham, T; Thomas, Z (no date)