1.2 ព័ត៌មានលម្អិតពីបុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ និងស្ថាប័នដែលចូលរួមក្នុងការវាយតម្លៃ និងចងក្រងឯកសារនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ឈ្មោះគម្រោងដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារ/ វាយតម្លៃលើវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ (បើទាក់ទង)

Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwara Eliya Districts in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka

ឈ្មោះអង្គភាពមួយ (ច្រើន) ដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារ/ វាយតម្លៃលើវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ (បើទាក់ទង)

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - ប្រទេសអ៊ីតាលី

ឈ្មោះអង្គភាពមួយ (ច្រើន) ដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារ/ វាយតម្លៃលើវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ (បើទាក់ទង)

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka (AGRI.PDN) - ប្រទេសស្រីលង្កា

ឈ្មោះអង្គភាពមួយ (ច្រើន) ដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារ/ វាយតម្លៃលើវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ (បើទាក់ទង)

Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka (DOA) - ប្រទេសស្រីលង្កា

ឈ្មោះអង្គភាពមួយ (ច្រើន) ដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារ/ វាយតម្លៃលើវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ (បើទាក់ទង)

Cargills (Ceylon) PLC (Cargills) - ប្រទេសស្រីលង្កា

1.3 លក្ខខណ្ឌទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈវ៉ូខេត

តើពេលណាដែលទិន្នន័យបានចងក្រង (នៅទីវាល)?

24/02/2022

អ្នកចងក្រង និង(បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ)យល់ព្រមទទួលយកនូវលក្ខខណ្ឌនានាទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈ​ វ៉ូខេត:

បាទ/ចា៎

2.1 ពណ៌នាសង្ខេបខ្លីពីវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

A private-public partnership overcomes constraints that vegetable farmers encounter when adopting novel SLM technologies and Good Agricultural Practices. The private sector helps with marketing, value addition, certification, and financial support. The public sector fulfils farmer training needs through (for example) Farmer Field Schools using digital platforms.

2.2 ពណ៌នាលម្អិតពិវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ពណ៌នាលម្អិតពិវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ:

This approach was implemented in vegetable growing lands in hilly and rolling terrain, where the average annual rainfall is relatively high: Wet zone (>2500 mm) Intermediate zone (1750-2500 mm-short dry periods). Controlling soil erosion is crucial in these regions. Further, overuse and misuse of agrochemicals are common among the farmers. On the other hand, farmers experience lack of market opportunities, lack of technical and financial support and water scarcity in the intermediate zone which restricts farming to 1 or 2 cropping cycles. This approach aims to support vegetable growers by providing financial and technical support to implement technologies to minimize soil erosion and increase fertilizer and water use efficiencies, while providing adequate market opportunities and product value addition.
In the field, the following technologies were implemented as a package: plastic mulch, terracing, drip irrigation systems, fertigation units and insect proof nets. Furthermore, capacity development programs were implemented along with continuous monitoring, financial support was provided to adopt the technologies. The market opportunity was expanded via value addition through “GAP-certification" (GAP = Good Agricultural Practices) and facilitating easy and secured access to market via private sector involvement.
By adopting this technological package farmers were able to reduce the fertilizer use by about 70-80 % via "fertigation" - that is fertilizer mixed in irrigation water. Further, the pest attacks and need of insecticides were significantly reduced due to insect proof nets. The weed growth was negligible due to the plastic mulch which reduced the labour cost significantly as previously, farmers used to control weeds manually. Soil erosion was minimal due to plastic mulch used over the contour terraces. The water use efficiency was improved via drip irrigation and the farming was not affected by the short drought periods. The overall cost reduction that the farmers experience by adopting this technological package was about 20%. Further, the yield increase was about 20%, which raised the profit by 30%. Proper use of pesticides with adequate safety measures and safe disposal of the pesticide containers are mandatory to be qualified for GAP-certification. Farmers that adopt this approach collect pesticide containers in a designated place in the farm.

The implementation of the approach was as follows:
1.Discussions between Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO) and Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka (DOA) to develop a private-public partnership (PPP).
2.Call for proposals from private sector supermarket owners and exporters.
3.The proposal of Cargills (Ceylon) PLC was accepted.
4.Areas with easy access to Cargill’s vegetable collection centers were selected for the pilot programme, namely Haguranketha and Nuwarleiya, Boralanda and Bandarawela.
5.Eighty progressive farmers who had been providing vegetables for the already established vegetable collection centers were selected for the initial program.
6.Farmer awareness programs and Farmer Field Schools were conducted on the technological package, the GAP certification process and market arrangements.
7.The technical package was installed in farmers’ fields. Farmers were supported financially to obtain raw materials and cover the capital cost (for polythene, drip irrigation systems, insect-proof nets and accessories, fertilizers and pesticides). The cost estimated to implement the package was Rs. 300,000 for quarter of an acre (Rs. 2.96 million/ha = approx. UD$ 8950/ha). Cargills and the FAO funded RDAL (Rehabilitation of degraded agricultural lands in the central highlands of Sri Lanka) shared 2/3 of the material cost. The rest of the cost was borne by the farmer. Cargills Bank provided low interest loans to farmers to cover their share of the capital cost.
8.Continuous monitoring and capacity development and motivational programs were implemented via field visits and WhatsApp groups.
9.GAP-certification was provided for the vegetables.
10.A market was provided by Cargills with a guaranteed 10% premium above the standard rate.
11.Alongside the implementation processes, other developments took place. These included: supply of fertilizers and pesticides to farmers and provision of study scholarships for children of the farmers by Cargills.

The limitations of the approach are as follows: first, reluctance of the farmers to follow the rigorous record-keeping process necessary to obtain the GAP-certification; second, the absence of a proper methodology to recycle or upcycle the pesticide containers; third, the on-going lack of consumer awareness about the GAP-certified products.

2.3 រូបភាពនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

2.5 ប្រទេស/តំបន់/ទីតាំងកន្លែង ដែលវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយត្រូវបានអនុវត្តន៍

2.6 កាលបរិច្ឆេទនៃការចាប់ផ្តើម និងបញ្ចប់នៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយនេះ

2.7 ប្រភេទនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

• ផ្អែកលើគម្រោង/កម្មវិធី

2.8 គោលបំណង/ទិសដៅសំខាន់នៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

This approach aims to support vegetable growers by providing financial and technical support to implement technologies to minimize soil erosion and increase fertilizer and water use efficiencies, while providing adequate market opportunities and product value addition via GAP-certification.

2.9 លក្ខខណ្ឌអនុញ្ញាត ឬរារាំងការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេសដែលស្ថិតនៅក្រោមវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

3.1 អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធដែលបានចូលរួមក្នុងវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ និងតួនាទីរបស់ពួកគេ

3.2 ការចូលរួមរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងតំបន់/ សហគមន៍ក្នុងតំបន់ក្នុងដំណាក់កាលផ្សេងគ្នានៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

	ការចូលរួមរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងតំបន់/សហគមន៍ក្នុងតំបន់	សូមបញ្ជាក់នរណាត្រូវបានចូលរួម ព្រមទាំងពណ៌នាសកម្មភាពទាំងនោះ
ការចាប់ផ្តើម/ការលើកទឹកចិត្ត	អសកម្ម	Though the progressive farmers were selected from the farmers who sell their produce to the Cargills (Ceylon) PLC collection centres at the initial phase of the project, new farmers were motivated to implement the approach when they observed the success of the neighbouring farmers.
ការរៀបចំផែនការ	គ្មាន	The planning phase of the approach totally governed by the RDAL project team with the assistance of the private and government sector stakeholders.
ការអនុវត្តន៍	ការគាំទ្រពីខាងក្រៅ	Farmers directly involved with the implementation phase of the approach.
ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ	អន្តរកម្ម	Farmers were actively involved with the monitoring and evaluation process of the approach by discussing the problem faced by them and finding solutions with the help of AIs. Farmers collectively shared their experience and those feedback helped for the evaluation process of the approach.
Expansion	ការគាំទ្រពីខាងក្រៅ	The children of the farmers are given study scholarships by the private sector partner.

3.3 គំនូសបំព្រួញ (ប្រសិនបើមាន)

3.4 ការសម្រេចចិត្តលើការជ្រើសរើសបច្ចេកទេស SLM

សូមបញ្ជាក់តើអ្នកណាជាអ្នកបានសម្រេចចិត្តក្នុងការជ្រើសរើសបច្ចេកទេសដើម្បីយកមកអនុវត្តន៍:

• អ្នកជំនាញឯកទេស SLM បន្ទាប់ពីបានប្រឹក្សាយោបល់ជាមួយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី

ចូរពន្យល់:

Selection of technologies to be implemented in the approach was done based on the discussions between the FAO representatives, DOA officials and Cargills (Ceylon) PLC. AIs of DOA have been closely working with the farmers; hence, their experience was very helpful to select the best technologies to be implemented in farmer fields.

សូមបញ្ជាក់ តើការសម្រេចធ្វើឡើងដោយផ្អែកលើអ្វីជាមូលដ្ឋាន:

• វាយតម្លៃទៅលើចំណេះដឹងស្តីអំពី SLM ដែលបានចងក្រងជាឯកសារបានត្រឹមត្រូវ (ផ្អែកលើភស្តុតាងជាមូលដ្ឋានដើម្បីសម្រេចចិត្ត)
• បទពិសោធន៍ និងគំនិតផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន(ពុំមានចងក្រងជាឯកសារ)

4.1 ការកសាងសមត្ថភាព/ បណ្តុះបណ្តាល

តើវគ្គបណ្តុះបណ្តាលបានផ្តល់ឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី/អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធផ្សេងៗទៀតដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់តើអ្នកណាត្រូវបានបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

• អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី

ទម្រង់នៃការបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

• អនុវត្តន៍ជាមួយការងារ
• ពីកសិករទីកសិករ
• ទីតាំងបង្ហាញ

ប្រធានបទបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

Establishment and maintenance of GAP technology in farmer fields, irrigation management (drip irrigation), pests and disease management, fertilizer application through drip irrigation (fertigation), post-harvest technology, nursery management

មតិយោបល់:

Training programs mainly focused on establishment and maintenance of technology package according to standards and identification of pest and disease problems. Training programs are held in fields as farmer field schools. Those training programs are organized and conducted by AIs of the DOA and Agricultural Officers of Cargills (Ceylon) PLC. A training program provides information from the establishment of the technological package to harvesting of the fresh produce

4.2 សេវាផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាយោបល់

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីបានទទួលនូវសេវាផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាដែរ ឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រសិនបើសេវាកម្មប្រឹក្សាយោបល់ត្រូវបានផ្តល់ឱ្យ:

• នៅលើដីរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី

ពណ៌នា/ពន្យល់:

AIs of DOA and agricultural officers of Cargills (Ceylon) PLC visit farmers frequently to guide farmers and train them for better management of the technologies in the field

4.3 ការពង្រឹងសមត្ថភាពស្ថាប័ន (ការអភិរឌ្ឍន៍អង្គភាព)

តើស្ថាប័នទាំងអស់ត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើង ឬពង្រឹងសមត្ថភាពតាមរយៈវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែរ ឬទេ?

• ទេ

4.4 ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ

តើការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃគឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

ប្រសិន បាទ/ច៎ា តើឯកសារនេះបានបង្កើតឡើងក្នុងគោលបំណងប្រើប្រាស់សម្រាប់ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

4.5 ការស្រាវជ្រាវ

តើការស្រាវជ្រាវ គឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃវិធីសាស្រ្តដែរឬទេ?

ទេ

5.1 ថវិកាប្រចាំឆ្នាំសម្រាប់ផ្សព្វផ្សាយ SLM

ចង្អុលបង្ហាញថវិកាប្រចាំឆ្នាំសម្រាប់ផ្នែករបស់វិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយទាក់ទងទៅនឹង SLM - រូមបញ្ចូល៖ វគ្គបណ្តុះបណ្តាល និងការផ្សព្វផ្សាយ ការស្រាវជ្រាវ ការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេស - គិតជាដុល្លារ US$:

165000,00

មតិយោបល់ (ឧ. ប្រភពសំខាន់នៃមូលនិធិ/ម្ចាស់ជំនួយចំបង):

FAO and Cargills (Ceylon) PLC are main sources of funding to implement the approach

5.2 ការគាំទ្រផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ / សម្ភារៈដែលបានផ្តល់ទៅឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីបានទទួលការគាំទ្រផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថ/សម្ភារៈសម្រាប់ការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេសដែរឬទេ:

បាទ/ចា៎

ប្រសិនបាទ/ច៎ា សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រភេទ(ច្រើន)នៃការគាំទ្រ លក្ខខណ្ឌ និងអ្នកផ្តល់ឱ្យ(ច្រើន):

At the implementation, the farmers receive materials worth of 260,000 LKR, which consists of drip irrigation system, plastic mulch and insect proof net. This covers 2/3 of the cost of implementation. The rest of the cost, mostly the labor cost, is borne by the farmer. The farmer was given the choice of receiving a low interest loan through Cargills Agro-development Company and Cargills Bank, the subsidiaries of Cargillls (Ceylon) PLC to cover their share of the capital cost.

5.3 សូមបញ្ជាក់ពីធាតុចូលត្រូវបានផ្តល់បដិភាគ (រួមទាំងកម្លាំងពលកម្ម)

• សម្ភារៈ

ប្រសិនបើកម្លាំងពលកម្មធ្វើដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី តើវាជាធាតុចូលដ៏សំខាន់មួយដែរ ឬទេ:

• បង់ជាសាច់ប្រាក់

5.4 ឥណទាន

តើឥណទានដែលបានផ្តល់នៅក្រោមវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយសម្រាប់សកម្មភាព SLM នេះយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់លក្ខខណ្ឌ (អាត្រាការប្រាក់ ការសង ។ល។):

The interest rate of the loan is 8%, repayable in 2 years with a grace period of 6 months

សូមបញ្ជាក់អ្នកផ្តល់ឥណទាន:

The loan is provided through Cargills Agro-development Company and Cargills Bank, subsidiaries of Cargillls (Ceylon) PLC

សូមបញ្ជាក់អ្នកទទួលឥណទាន:

Farmers

5.5 ការលើកទឹកចិត្ត ឬវិធីសាស្ត្រដ៏ទៃទៀត

តើមានការលើកទឹកចិត្តផ្សេងទៀត ឬឧបករណ៍ប្រើប្រាស់ដើម្បីលើកកម្ពស់ការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេស SLM?

បាទ/ចា៎

បើបាទ/ចា៎ សូមបញ្ជាក់:

If yes, specify: Cargills (Ceylon) PLC prioritize the project farmers when purchasing the produce at collection centres and also they provide packing and branding materials under Cargill’s Good Harvest Brand. A 20% extra payment, above the normal purchasing price, is made for GAP-Certified, ‘Good Harvest’ branded products, subject to a minimum and maximum amounts of Rs. 10.00 and Rs. 30.00 per kg respectively.

6.1 ផលប៉ះពាល់នៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

6.2 ការលើកទឹកចិត្តចម្បងៗរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីសម្រាប់ការអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស SLM

6.3 សកម្មភាពផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែលប្រកបដោយចីរភាព

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីអាចធ្វើឱ្យមានចីរភាពនូវអ្វីដែលត្រូវបានអនុវត្តន៍តាមរយៈវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែរឬទេ(ដោយពុំមានការគាំទ្រពីអ្នកខាងក្រៅ)?

• បាទ/ចា៎

ប្រសិនបាទ/ច៎ា សូមរៀបរាប់ថាធ្វើយ៉ាងម៉េច:

The assurance of the market for value added products via well-established market chain of the Cargills (Ceylon) PLC is a major reason behind the sustainability of the approach.

6.4 ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាស ទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
Increased vegetable production compared to the conventional and traditional agricultural management practices.
Reduced cost for labour for establishment of the crop, irrigation, pesticide application, weeding and for other maintenance activities.
Financial benefit obtained by the lower requirement of fertilizers and agrochemicals
The number of cropping cycles was increased in regions where short drought periods exist.
Selling the produce for a higher price due to value addition via certification.
Minimizes the involvement of middlemen in selling farmer’s produce for market helps to increase the farmer’s profit and also benefits the seller, Cargills (Ceylon) PLC, ultimately the consumer.

ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាស​ ទស្សនៈរបស់បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ
Minimum soil erosion due to use of plastic mulch and terraces. The lands are susceptible for erosion by water due to relatively high rainfall intensity and the hilly-rolling terrain. The control of soil erosion is curial to maintain sustainable land use in the region.
The inorganic fertilizer use was reduced by 70-80%. Use of pesticides was significantly reduced. Soil nutrient enrichment and pollution of soil and water sources were minimal.
Increased vegetable production helps for the food security of the country.
Improves the quality of the fresh produce.
Increased water use efficiency.
Uplifting the quality of life among the rural farming community.
Attraction of young community for farming.

6.5 ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រ និងរកដំណោះស្រាយ

ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិ/ ហានិភ័យ ទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី	តើបច្ចេកទេសទាំងនោះបានដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាដូចម្តេច?
Maintaining the technology under field conditions is difficult due to the cause of natural factors (eg: High winds break the insect proof net).	The effect of natural factors on structures of the technology can be minimized by establishing those structures suitable for specific natural conditions. Live wind breakers (Rows of trees) can be established.
Discard of plastic materials (insect proof net and plastic mulch) when their lifespan is over.	Implementation of waste disposal method is required and need to look for possible recycling options.

ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិ/ ហានិភ័យក្នុងទស្សនៈរបស់បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ	តើបច្ចេកទេសទាំងនោះបានដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាដូចម្តេច?
The farmers of older generation are somewhat reluctant to adopt the approach, mainly because of rigorous record keeping process	This can be overcome by conducting advisory programs and extension services targeting specific groups of farming communities
Requirement of more financial support to cover the capital	Provide more subsidies and loans
Lack of consumer awareness about "Gap-certified products"	Advertising

7.1 វិធីសាស្ត្រ/ ប្រភពនៃព័ត៌មាន

7.2 ឯកសារយោងដែលបានចេញផ្សាយ

ចំណងជើង អ្នកនិពន្ធ ឆ្នាំ ISBN:

Crop production under GAP certification, Seed certification service, Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka, 2019 (in Sinhala language)

មានប្រភពមកពីណា? ថ្លៃដើមប៉ុន្មាន?

Freely available at the Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka Website: https://doa.gov.lk/scs-gap-certification/

ចំណងជើង អ្នកនិពន្ធ ឆ្នាំ ISBN:

Good Agricultural Practices for Solanaceae family crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka, 2016 (in Sinhala language)

មានប្រភពមកពីណា? ថ្លៃដើមប៉ុន្មាន?

Freely available at the Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka Website: https://doa.gov.lk/scs-gap-certification/

ចំណងជើង អ្នកនិពន្ធ ឆ្នាំ ISBN:

Sustainable Land Management through GAP certification (Project proposal), Cargills (Ceylon) PLC, April-2019

7.3 ចូលទៅទាញយកឯកសារពាក់ព័ន្ធដែលមានលើបណ្តាញអ៊ិនធឺណែត

ចំណងជើង/ ពណ៌នា:

Good agriculture practices (GAP) certification (in Healthy Soil Matters). Food and Agriculture Organisation of United Nations, Sri Lanka

វេបសាយ:

https://sricat.net/images/Healthy-Soil-Matters---English-compressed.pdf

ចំណងជើង/ ពណ៌នា:

An interview on implementation of the approach among vegetable cultivating farmers in upcountry. It gives information on involvement and roles of different sectors to popularize the approach among farmers.

វេបសាយ:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qChXPYnb0Wc

ចំណងជើង/ ពណ៌នា:

Sl-GAP certification portal

វេបសាយ:

http://www.slgap.doa.gov.lk/