1.2 ព័ត៌មានលម្អិតពីបុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ និងស្ថាប័នដែលចូលរួមក្នុងការវាយតម្លៃ និងចងក្រងឯកសារនៃបច្ចេកទេស

ឈ្មោះគម្រោងដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារ/ វាយតម្លៃលើបច្ចេកទេស (បើទាក់ទង)

Community-based sustainable land and forest management in Afghanistan

ឈ្មោះអង្គភាពមួយ (ច្រើន) ដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារ/ វាយតម្លៃបច្ចេកទេស (បើទាក់ទង)

FAO Afghanistan (FAO Afghanistan) - ប្រទេសអាហ្វហ្គានិស្ថាន

1.3 លក្ខខណ្ឌទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈ វ៉ូខេត

អ្នកចងក្រង និង(បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ)យល់ព្រមទទួលយកនូវលក្ខខណ្ឌនានាទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈវ៉ូខេត:

បាទ/ចា៎

1.4 សេចក្តីប្រកាសស្តីពីចីរភាពនៃការពណ៌នាពីបច្ចេកទេស

តើបច្ចេកទេសដែលបានពណ៌នានេះមានបញ្ហាដែលផ្តោតលើការធ្លាក់ចុះគុណភាពដី, បើដូច្នេះវាមិនអាចត្រូវបានប្រកាសថាជាបច្ចេកទេសនៃការគ្រប់គ្រងប្រកបដោយចីរភាពទេ?

ទេ

មតិយោបល់:

This technology is applied with a focus on land restoration and conservation and is not problamatic with regard to land degradation.

2.1 ការពណ៌នាដោយសង្ខេបពីបច្ចេកទេស

និយមន័យបច្ចេកទេស:

The Agroforestry system in Malistan district combines traditional practices with support from the Community-Based Sustainable Land and Forest Management project in Afghanistan. This initiative provides technical support, training, and resources like apple trees, fertilizers, and alfalfa seeds to establish 400 orchards (1,000 m² each). The goal is to enhance community livelihoods by reducing dependence on rangelands, helping to preserve local ecosystems.

2.2 ការពណ៌នាលម្អិតពីបច្ចេកទេស

ការពណ៌នា:

The agroforestry system adopted in the mountainous districts of Ghazni province, particularly in Navor and Malistan district is an innovative approach that is transforming the way local farmers cultivate their land. This system integrates agricultural crops, tree cultivation, and livestock farming to maximize land productivity while promoting environmental sustainability. At the heart of the system are apple orchards, alfalfa seeds, and fertilizers, which work together to enhance food security, provide livestock feed, and improve soil fertility. Supported by modern agricultural techniques, the project includes a total of 400 orchards, each covering 1,000 square meters, helping to alleviate pressure on overgrazed rangelands while improving local livelihoods.

This agroforestry method is particularly well-suited to Ghazni’s rugged terrain, where farming communities rely heavily on livestock and rangelands for sustenance. However, the region’s dry climate, frequent overgrazing, and ongoing land degradation have made traditional farming increasingly unsustainable. By introducing apple trees and alfalfa cultivation, farmers now have an alternative source of income and animal feed while actively restoring degraded lands. Alfalfa serves as a nutrient-rich fodder for livestock, and in return, livestock manure is used as fertilizer, creating a self-sustaining agricultural cycle that enhances soil health.

Beyond its environmental benefits, this system plays a crucial role in improving livelihoods. By diversifying agricultural production, it enhances food security and generates additional income for local farmers. More importantly, it helps alleviate the burden on fragile rangelands by offering an alternative source of livestock feed, reducing overgrazing and preventing further land degradation. Through natural nutrient recycling, alfalfa provides essential fodder for livestock, while their manure replenishes soil nutrients, ensuring long-term soil fertility.

To successfully implement and maintain this system, several key activities and inputs are required. Local farmers receive specialized training and technical support to equip them with the necessary skills. Essential supplies, including apple saplings, fertilizers, and alfalfa seeds, are provided to help establish the orchards. Additionally, proper maintenance, such as irrigation, pruning, and weed control, ensures that the orchards remain productive. Soil and water conservation efforts, such as constructing contour banks and water diversion structures, further safeguard the land against erosion and water loss.
The impact of this technology extends far beyond the fields. Environmentally, it significantly reduces soil erosion, improves water retention, and restores soil health. Economically, it increases household income by boosting apple production and generating sales from alfalfa as livestock feed. Socially, it strengthens community resilience by offering a reliable source of food and income, while encouraging the adoption of sustainable farming practices.

While many farmers appreciate the system for its cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and diverse benefits, some challenges remain. Because of the duration for fruit production of apple trees are typically taking three to four years to bear fruit, patience and long-term planning is crucial. Additionally, the dry climate means that farmers must invest extra time and effort in irrigation, especially during drought periods, to ensure optimal growth and fruit yield. Despite these challenges, the agroforestry system in Malistan and Navor presents a promising solution for sustainable land management and rural development.

2.3 ​រូបភាពនៃបច្ចេកទេស

2.4 វីដេអូនៃបច្ចេកទេស

2.5 ប្រទេស/តំបន់/ទីតាំងកន្លែង ដែលបច្ចេកទេសត្រូវបានអនុវត្ត និងបានគ្រប់ដណ្តប់ដោយការវាយតម្លៃនេះ

2.6 កាលបរិច្ឆេទនៃការអនុវត្ត

បង្ហាញឆ្នាំនៃការចុះអនុវត្ត:

2022

2.7 ការណែនាំពីបច្ចេកទេស

សូមបញ្ជាក់តើបច្ចេកទេសត្រូវបានណែនាំឱ្យអនុវត្តដោយរបៀបណា:

• តាមរយៈគម្រោង / អន្តរាគមន៍ពីខាងក្រៅ

មតិយោបល់ (ប្រភេទនៃគម្រោង ។ល។):

The agroforestry system was introduced as an innovative, community-driven approach, offering an environmentally friendly alternative. This initiative was developed in response to the community's call for sustainable solutions that enhance livelihoods while preserving natural resources.
The agroforestry system integrates apple tree plantation with alfalfa intercropping, enhancing land productivity and sustainability by providing both fruit and forage. This technology improves livelihoods and promotes soil fertility and moisture retention for long-term environmental benefits

3.1 គោលបំណងចម្បង (១​ ឬច្រើន)​ នៃបច្ចេកទេសនេះ

• ធ្វើឱ្យប្រសើរឡើងនូវផលិតកម្ម
• កាត់បន្ថយ, បង្ការ, ស្តារឡើងវិញនូវការធ្លាក់ចុះគុណភាពដី
• កាត់បន្ថយការប្រែប្រួលអាកាសធាតុ និងផលប៉ះពាល់របស់វា
• បង្កើតផលប្រយោជន៍សេដ្ឋកិច្ច
• បង្កើតផលប្រយោជន៍សង្គម

3.2 ប្រភេទដីប្រើប្រាស់មួយប្រភេទ (ច្រើនប្រភេទ) ដែលបានអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស

ដីប្រើប្រាស់ចម្រុះនៅលើដីតែមួយ:

បាទ/ចា៎

បញ្ជាក់ពីប្រភេទដីច្រើនប្រភេទ (ដីដាំដំណាំ/ដីចិញ្ចឹមសត្វ/ដីព្រៃឈើ):

• Agro-pastoralism ( រួមបញ្ចូលទាំងដំណាំ និងចិញ្ចឹមសត្វ)

មតិយោបល់:

In autumn, people in the community graze their land with animals like cattle, sheep and goats. To manage and control the grazing, they use stakes and ropes to fence a specific area of land and ensure that the saplings are not damaged.
Planting of fruit trees helps to reduce pressure on rangeland grasses and shrubs to support landscape restoration.
Most land users plant apple trees and alfalfa. Some land users, who do not have animals, cultivate legumes instead of alfalfa.

3.3 បន្ទាប់ពីអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស តើដីប្រើប្រាស់មានការប្រែប្រួលដែររឺទេ?

បន្ទាប់ពីអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស តើដីប្រើប្រាស់មានការប្រែប្រួលដែររឺទេ?

• បាទ/ច៎ា (សូមបំពេញសំណួរខាងក្រោមពីស្ថានភាពដីប្រើប្រាស់មុនពេលអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស)

ដីប្រើប្រាស់ចម្រុះនៅលើដីតែមួយ:

បាទ/ចា៎

បញ្ជាក់ពីប្រភេទដីច្រើនប្រភេទ (ដីដាំដំណាំ/ដីចិញ្ចឹមសត្វ/ដីព្រៃឈើ):

• Agro-pastoralism ( រួមបញ្ចូលទាំងដំណាំ និងចិញ្ចឹមសត្វ)

មតិយោបល់:

Most land users plant apple trees and alfalfa seeds. Some land users, who do not have animals, cultivate legume intercropping instead of alfalfa.

3.4 ការផ្គត់ផ្គង់ទឹក

ការផ្គត់ផ្គង់ទឹកនៅកន្លែងអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស:

• ទឹកភ្លៀង និងប្រព័ន្ធស្រោចស្រព

មតិយោបល់:

Out of the 400 agroforestry plots, some have full water availability, while others have 80% water availability. About 10% of the agroforestry plots receive only 40% to 60% of the required water. The saplings are mainly irrigated by spring rainfall. In a few plots, additional irrigation is provided two to three times during the warm season by transporting water from the canal using animals.

3.5 ក្រុម SLM ដែលបច្ចេកទេសស្ថិតនៅក្នុង

• កសិរុក្ខកម្ម (pastoralism) និងការគ្រប់គ្រងដីសម្រាប់ចិញ្ចឹមសត្វ
• ការគ្រប់គ្រងដោយរួមបញ្ចូលការដាំដំណាំ និងការចិញ្ចឹមសត្វ
• ការគ្រប់គ្រងជីជាតិដីតាមបែបចម្រុះ

3.6 វិធានការ SLM ដែលបញ្ចូលនូវបច្ចេកទេស

មតិយោបល់:

Residue management of trees is used for fuel, and alfalfa is utilized as livestock fodder in winter.

3.7 កំណត់ប្រភេទនៃការធ្លាក់ចុះគុណភាពដីសំខាន់ៗដែលបច្ចេកទេសនេះបានដោះស្រាយ

3.8 ការពារ កាត់បន្ថយ ឬស្តារឡើងវិញនៃការធ្លាក់ចុះគុណភាពដី

បញ្ជាក់ពីគោលដៅរបស់បច្ចេកទេស ដែលផ្តោតទៅការធ្លាក់ចុះគុណភាពដី:

• ការកាត់បន្ថយការធ្លាក់ចុះគុណភាពដី
• ការជួសជុល/ ស្តារឡើងវិញនៃឱនភាពដីធ្ងន់ធ្ងរ

មតិយោបល់:

This project reduced the land degradation by applying this agroforestry technology.

4.1 គំនូសបច្ចេកទេសនៃបច្ចេកទេសនេះ

4.2 ព័ត៌មានទូទៅដែលពាក់ព័ន្ធនឹងការគណនាធាតុចូល និងថ្លៃដើម

កំណត់របៀបនៃការគណនាថ្លៃដើម និងធាតុចូល:

• ក្នុងតំបន់អនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស

កំណត់រូបិយប័ណ្ណសម្រាប់ថ្លៃដើម:

• ដុល្លារ

4.3 សកម្មភាពបង្កើត

	សកម្មភាព	រយៈពេល​ (រដូវកាល)
1.	Survey and site selection follow by feasibility study	December to January
2.	Procurement sapling and equipment	December and January
3.	Levelling plots, cleaning from weeds	March
4.	Designing layout	March
5.	Digging planting pits	March
6.	Planating apple saplings	spring
7.	Irrigating	April to September
8.	Training and pruning of orchard	October and Noverber

4.4 ថ្លៃដើម និងធាតុចូលដែលត្រូវការសម្រាប់ការបង្កើតបច្ចេកទេស

	បញ្ជាក់ពីធាតុចូល	ឯកតា	បរិមាណ	ថ្លៃដើមក្នុងមួយឯកតា	ថ្លៃធាតុចូលសរុប	% នៃថ្លៃដើមដែលចំណាយដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
កម្លាំងពលកម្ម	Labour for preparation of plots levelling, digging pits and cleaning weeds	Person/day	10,0	5,0	50,0	100,0
កម្លាំងពលកម្ម	Labour for plantation	Person/day	5,0	8,0	40,0	100,0
សម្ភារៈ	Shovel	Number	1,0	4,0	4,0	100,0
សម្ភារៈ	Rope	Meter	1,0	2,0	2,0	100,0
សម្ភារៈ	Hoe	Number	1,0	3,0	3,0	100,0
សម្ភារៈ	Pruning scissors	Number	1,0	10,0	10,0	100,0
សម្ភារៈ	Wheelbarrow	Number	1,0	1,0	1,0	100,0
សម្ភារៈដាំដុះ	Alfalfa seeds	Kg	4,0	3,0	12,0
សម្ភារៈដាំដុះ	Apple sapling	Number	50,0	1,0	50,0
ជី និងសារធាតុពុល	DAP	Kg	25,0	3,0	75,0
ជី និងសារធាតុពុល	Urea	Kg	25,0	1,0	25,0
ថ្លៃដើមសរុបក្នុងការបង្កើតបច្ចេកទេស					272,0
ថ្លៃដើមសរុបក្នុងការបង្កើតបច្ចេកទេសគិតជាដុល្លារ					272,0

4.5 សកម្មភាពថែទាំ

	សកម្មភាព	ពេលវេលា/ ភាពញឹកញាប់
1.	Applying manure for growth of crops and trees(refers to using organic animal waste (such as cow, horse, chicken, or sheep manure) to improve soil fertility and promote plant growth.)	in fall season
2.	Disc ploughing and harrowing	in fall season
3.	Chemical fertilizer application to crops	at the time of observing needs
4.	Pest management with chemicals	in spring season
5.	Irrigation of sapling	As per needed time
6.	Mulching trees (humus cover)refers to the practice of covering the soil around trees with organic material, such as humus, straw, leaves, wood chips, or compost.	In a hot summer and lack of water, dry year
7.	Pruning trees	in spring season
8.	Operation and maintenance	spring, summer and fall

មតិយោបល់:

Inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

4.6 កំណត់ថ្លៃដើមសម្រាប់ការថែទាំ/ សកម្មភាពរបស់បច្ចេកទេស (ក្នុងរយៈពេលមួយឆ្នាំ)

	បញ្ជាក់ពីធាតុចូល	ឯកតា	បរិមាណ	ថ្លៃដើមក្នុងមួយឯកតា	ថ្លៃធាតុចូលសរុប	% នៃថ្លៃដើមដែលចំណាយដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
កម្លាំងពលកម្ម	Unskilled labour	Person/day	20,0	5,0	100,0	100,0
កម្លាំងពលកម្ម	ploughing	person/day	2,0	5,0	10,0
កម្លាំងពលកម្ម	apply of fertilizer and manure	person/day	2,0	5,0	10,0
កម្លាំងពលកម្ម	form pest management	person/day	3,0	5,0	15,0
កម្លាំងពលកម្ម	planting of annual crops / perennial alfalfa	person/day	2,0	5,0	10,0
កម្លាំងពលកម្ម	Uprooting dry sapling and replacing to fresh sapling.	Number	2,0	1,0	2,0	100,0
សម្ភារៈ	Shovel	Number	1,0	3,0	3,0	100,0
ជី និងសារធាតុពុល	Organic fertilizer	M3	1,0	10,0	10,0	100,0
ជី និងសារធាតុពុល	DAP
ជី និងសារធាតុពុល	Urea
ជី និងសារធាតុពុល	Pesticides
ថ្លៃដើមសរុបសម្រាប់ការថែទាំដំណាំតាមបច្ចេកទេស					160,0
ថ្លៃដើមសរុបសម្រាប់ការថែទាំដំណាំតាមបច្ចេកទេសគិតជាដុល្លារ					160,0

មតិយោបល់:

After establishment, all responsibilities for maintenance, operations activity, care, and management belongs to land users.

4.7 កត្តាសំខាន់បំផុតដែលមានឥទ្ធិពលដល់ការចំណាយ

ពណ៌នាពីកត្តាប៉ះពាល់ចម្បងៗទៅលើថ្លៃដើម:

Usually, the land users are farmers, and all the activities are performed by the land users. The project team provides technical support and capacity building. The most important factors affecting the cost in the project are the materials’ accessibility in the field such as saplings, chemical fertilizer, and pesticides.

5.1 អាកាសធាតុ

5.2 សណ្ឋានដី

មតិយោបល់ និងបញ្ចាក់បន្ថែមអំពីសណ្ឋានដី :

As the technology have been applied in a 400 different topography plots, some of the plots are in a flatted, gentle and hilly slop and most of the technologies are applied in flatted area.

5.3 ដី

បើអាចសូមភ្ជាប់ការពណ៌នាពីដីឱ្យបានច្បាស់ ឬព័ត៌មានដែលអាចទទួលបាន ឧ. ប្រភេទដី, pH ដី/ ជាតិអាស៊ីត, សមត្ថភាពផ្លាស់ប្តូរកាចុង, វត្តមាននីត្រូសែន, ភាពប្រៃ ។ល។:

In Ghazni province, the primary soil types include Aridisols in arid regions, Entisols on slopes, Sierozems in desert areas, and fertile Alluvial soils in valleys that support agriculture. Soil pH levels in the region range from 6.33 (slightly acidic) to 8.52 (alkaline), indicating varying degrees of acidity and alkalinity. The Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), nitrogen levels, and salinity vary across these soil types, influencing agricultural productivity and land management practices. For more detailed information, including specific nutrient content and soil characteristics, resources such as the FAO’s Agro-Climatic Atlas can be consulted.

5.4 ទឹកដែលអាចទាញមកប្រើប្រាស់បាន និងគុណភាពទឹក

តើមានបញ្ហាភាពទឹកប្រៃហូរចូលមកដែរឬទេ?

ទេ

តើទឹកជំនន់កំពុងកើតមាននៅតំបន់នេះដែររឺទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

ភាពទៀងទាត់:

ម្តងម្កាល

មតិយោបល់ និងលក្ខណៈពិសេសផ្សេងៗទៀតលើគុណភាព និងបរិមាណទឹក​ :

In years with heavy snowfall, water availability increases, and springs are replenished. Conversely, during drought years, water resources decrease significantly. From July to September, a water shortage is commonly experienced, prompting farmers to transport water from canals using animals. Additionally, some farmers rely on groundwater specifically for irrigating saplings. This seasonal variation in water supply is critical for agricultural practices in the province.

5.5 ជីវៈចម្រុះ

5.6 លក្ខណៈនៃអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីដែលអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស

5.7 ទំហំផ្ទៃដីជាមធ្យមនៃដីប្រើប្រាស់ដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី ក្នុងការអនុវត្ត​បច្ចេកទេស

5.8 ភាពជាម្ចាស់ដី កម្មសិទ្ធប្រើប្រាស់ដី និងកម្មសិទ្ធប្រើប្រាស់ទឹក

ភាពជាម្ចាស់ដី:

• ភូមិ
• ឯកជន មានកម្មសិទ្ធ

កម្មសិទ្ធិប្រើប្រាស់ដី:

• ជាក្រុម (មានដែនកំណត់)
• ឯកជន

កម្មសិទ្ធប្រើប្រាស់ទឹក:

• អាស្រ័យផលសេរី (មិនមានការកំណត់)
• ជាក្រុម (មានដែនកំណត់)

តើកម្មសិទ្ធប្រើប្រាស់ដី គឺផ្អែកលើប្រព័ន្ធច្បាប់បែបបុរាណ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់:

The traditional system refers to a record that recognizes land ownership and is issued based on the customs and traditions of local communities. This document is not legal but is used within the community to validate ownership.

មតិយោបល់:

The land in this area is privately owned, while the rangeland is government-owned and accessible for public use. However, some individuals have encroached the rangeland, converting it into agricultural land and claiming it as their own property, despite lacking legal ownership documentation.

5.9 ការប្រើប្រាស់សេវាកម្ម និងហេដ្ឋារចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ

6.1 ផលប៉ះពាល់ក្នុងបរិវេណអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេសដែលកើតមាន

ផលប៉ះពាល់លើសេដ្ឋកិច្ចសង្គម

ផលិតផល

ទឹកដែលអាចទាញមកប្រើប្រាស់បាន និងគុណភាពទឹក

ចំណូល និងថ្លៃដើម

ផលប៉ះពាល់ទៅលើសេដ្ឋកិច្ចសង្គមផ្សេងៗ

ផលប៉ះពាល់ទៅលើវប្បធម៌សង្គម

ផលប៉ះពាល់ទៅលើអេកូឡូស៊ី

ដី

ជីវចម្រុះ៖ ដំណាំ, សត្វ

ការកាត់បន្ថយហានិភ័យនៃគ្រោះមហន្តរាយ និងគ្រោះអាកាសធាតុ

6.2 ផលប៉ះពាល់ក្រៅបរិវេណអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេសដែលកើតមាន

6.3 ភាពប្រឈម និងភាពរួសនៃបច្ចេកទេសទៅនឹងការប្រែប្រួលអាកាសធាតុ និងគ្រោះអាកាសធាតុ/ គ្រោះមហន្តរាយ (ដែលដឹងដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី)

មតិយោបល់:

The cultivation of apple orchards and alfalfa crops is highly sensitive to both gradual climate change and climate-related extremes like floods, droughts, and temperature fluctuations. These climate impacts affect not only the crops' growth and yield but also the technologies used in managing these crops. Understanding the exposure and sensitivity of these agricultural technologies to such climate factors is crucial for farmers and land users to ensure long-term sustainability.

6.4 ការវិភាគថ្លៃដើម និងអត្ថប្រយោជន៍

តើផលចំណេញ និងថ្លៃដើមត្រូវបានប្រៀបធៀបគ្នាយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច (ទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី)?

តើផលចំណេញ និងការថែទាំ/ ជួសជុលត្រូវបានប្រៀបធៀបគ្នាយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច (ទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី)?

មតិយោបល់:

Before the project was implemented, the land was either used for wheat cultivation or left fallow. With the introduction of the agroforestry project, tree seedlings were planted, and alfalfa was grown. In some plots, legumes were cultivated instead of alfalfa. In the first year, the production of alfalfa and legumes significantly outpaced the wheat yield, resulting in high levels of satisfaction and happiness among the local communities.

6.5 ការទទួលយកបច្ចេកទេស

• 1-10%

ក្នុងចំណោមគ្រួសារទាំងអស់ដែលបានអនុវត្តបច្ចេកទេស តើមានប៉ុន្មាន​គ្រួសារ​ដែល​ចង់​ធ្វើ​ដោយ​ខ្លួន​ឯង ដោយមិន​ទទួល​បាន​សម្ភារៈ​លើក​​ទឹកចិត្ត/​ប្រាក់ឧបត្ថម្ភ?​:

• 11-50%

មតិយោបល់:

In addition to the 400 gardens established through the project, local communities independently created 50 small and large gardens without any financial assistance. They purchased saplings from the market and, having previously received capacity-building training from the project team, applied agroforestry practices on plots of various sizes, tailored to their available land.

6.6 ការបន្សុំា

តើថ្មីៗនេះ បច្ចេកទេសនេះត្រូវបានកែតម្រូវ​ដើម្បី​បន្ស៊ាំ​ទៅនឹង​ស្ថាន​ភាព​ប្រែប្រួល​ដែរ​ឬទេ?

ទេ

6.7 ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាសនៃបច្ចេកទេស

ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាសនៅកន្លែងរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
Integrated systems that combine apple trees with alfalfa and legumes offer several benefits. Farmers appreciated the enhanced biodiversity, which supports pest control and improves pollination, leading to healthier crops and increased yields. The intercropping of legumes is particularly valued for its role in improving soil fertility through nitrogen fixation, reducing dependence on synthetic fertilizers, and promoting sustainable farming practices.
Economically, farmers find that this system provides diversified income sources, as they can sell both fruit and forage crops, which mitigates risks associated with crop failure. Additionally, the ability to optimize land use while maintaining ecological balance is a significant advantage. This resource efficiency, coupled with the adaptability of practices to different climates and soils, enables farmers to achieve resilience against climate variability.
Furthermore, land users recognize the opportunities for community engagement and knowledge sharing to promotes agroforestry. As these systems gain popularity, farmers are increasingly accessing markets for sustainably produced goods, enhancing their profitability. With supportive policies of sustainable land management, the future of agroforestry initiatives appears promising, benefiting both the environment and local economies.

ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាស​ ទស្សនៈរបស់បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ
Integrated systems of apple trees intercropped with alfalfa and legumes are recognized for their multifaceted benefits. They highlight the importance of these systems in promoting sustainable agricultural practices, noting that the biodiversity fostered by agroforestry enhances pest control and supports healthier ecosystems. This ecological balance is crucial not only for soil health but also for mitigating the reliance on chemical inputs, which aligns with global sustainability goals (Nair, 2019; FAO, 2020).
Moreover, compilers emphasize the economic advantages of agroforestry. By diversifying income streams, these systems reduce financial risks for farmers and stabilize local economies. The adaptability of agroforestry practices to various climates and soil types allows for broader implementation, making it an attractive option for diverse agricultural settings (Schroth et al., 2004; Somarriba et al., 2016).
Key resource persons also note the social dimension of agroforestry, as these systems encourage community engagement and collaboration. This participatory technology fosters knowledge sharing, leading to improved agricultural practices and strengthening local capacities. With increasing support from policies advocating for sustainable land management, agroforestry initiatives are well-positioned for growth and development, contributing to both environmental health and economic resilience (Pretty, 2018; Wang et al., 2020).

6.8 ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិ/ ហានិភ័យនៃបច្ចេកទេស និងវិធីសាស្ត្រដោះស្រាយ

ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិ/ ហានិភ័យ ទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី	តើបច្ចេកទេសទាំងនោះបានដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាដូចម្តេច?
Initial costs and investment risks	The project team provided seedlings, fertilizers, and Alfalfa seeds at the start of the technology. Land users were responsible for carrying out physical activities such as digging holes, planting seedlings, and irrigation, which helps reduce costs and fosters a sense of ownership among the participants.
Low knowledge of the technology and skill gaps	To address educational gaps, the project’s field team conducted capacity-building programs and workshops before implementing the technology. This initiative has enabled land users to become familiar with new methods and enhance their capabilities in agroforestry
Market access and economic viability	The project team established agroforestry committees and facilitated direct market communication and improved access for land users to sell their produce. It has provided sales skills training to land users, allowing them to make more profit from their produce
4) Pest and disease management:	4) The project's field team has educated land users about common pests and diseases in the area and provided them with preventive management strategies. In case of new issues, they have been linked with the Department of Agriculture to ensure timely and effective support.

ភាពខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិ/ ហានិភ័យ ទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នកចងក្រងឬបុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ	តើបច្ចេកទេសទាំងនោះបានដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាដូចម្តេច?
Provision of Resources and Local Engagement:	Importance of equipping land users with essential materials, such as sapling and fertilizers, to lower initial barriers and encourage participation. Enhance ownership to ensure sustainability when the project pulls out
Addressing educational gaps	Realizing that knowledge gaps could hinder the project’s success, the team implemented pre-launch training workshops. These sessions were aimed at familiarizing land users with innovative agroforestry, helping to ensure their understanding and effective implementation of new techniques.
Market connections and economic benefits	Key resource personnel highlighted the importance of establishing market access for sustainable success. By Rangeland management Association and offering training in market engagement, the project helped land users gain market literacy, empowering them to maximize income potential from their produce.
Support for pest and disease management	The project team prioritized proactive pest and disease management by training land users in common pest prevention techniques. The creation of a support network with the Department of Agriculture ensures that land users have access to timely guidance for any emerging issues, ensuring resilience and adaptability in their practices.

7.1 វិធីសាស្ត្រ/ ប្រភពនៃព័ត៌មាន