1.2 ລາຍລະອຽດ ການຕິດຕໍ່ ຂອງບຸກຄົນທີ່ຊັບພະຍາກອນ ແລະ ສະຖາບັນ ການມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ໃນການປະເມີນຜົນ ແລະ ເອກະສານ ຂອງວິທີທາງ

ຊື່ຂອງໂຄງການ ທີ່ອໍານວຍຄວາມສະດວກ ໃນການສ້າງເອກກະສານ ຫຼື ປະເມີນດ້ານແນວທາງ (ຖ້າກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ)

DESIRE (EU-DES!RE)

ຊື່ຂອງ ສະຖາບັນການຈັດຕັ້ງ ທີ່ອໍານວຍຄວາມສະດວກ ໃນການສ້າງເອກກະສານ ຫຼື ປະເມີນແນວທາງ (ຖ້າກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ)

Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD) - ຝຣັ່ງ

ຊື່ຂອງ ສະຖາບັນການຈັດຕັ້ງ ທີ່ອໍານວຍຄວາມສະດວກ ໃນການສ້າງເອກກະສານ ຫຼື ປະເມີນແນວທາງ (ຖ້າກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ)

Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (IIAF) - ແມັກຊີໂກ

ຊື່ຂອງ ສະຖາບັນການຈັດຕັ້ງ ທີ່ອໍານວຍຄວາມສະດວກ ໃນການສ້າງເອກກະສານ ຫຼື ປະເມີນແນວທາງ (ຖ້າກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ)

SECRETARÍA DE MEDIO AMBIENTE Y RECURSOS NATURALES (SECRETARÍA DE MEDIO AMBIENTE Y RECURSOS NATURALES) - ແມັກຊີໂກ

1.3 ເງື່ອນໄຂ ຂອງການນໍາໃຊ້ເອກກະສານຂໍ້ມູນ ຂອງ WOCAT

ຜູ້ສັງລວມ ແລະ ບັນດາຜູ້ຕອບແບບສອບຖາມ ຍອມຮັບໃນເງື່ອນໄຂ ການນໍາໃຊ້ຂໍ້ມູນເອກະສານ ທີ່ສ້າງຂື້ນ ໂດຍຜ່ານ ອົງການ WOCAT:

ແມ່ນ

1.4 ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ (ຫຼາຍ) ກັບແບບສອບຖາມ (ຫຼາຍ) ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ຂອງດ້ານການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ

2.1 ການອະທິບາຍ ໂດຍຫຍໍ້ ຂອງວິທີທາງ

Land reclamation with local agave (to produce mezcal) associated wotj trees, shrubs and grasses planted through participative actions for economic benefit.

2.2 ການອະທິບາຍ ລາຍລະອຽດ ຂອງວິທີທາງ

ການອະທິບາຍ ລາຍລະອຽດ ຂອງວິທີທາງ:

Aims / objectives: Rehabilitation of degraded land is achieved by using native agave and trees, shrubs and grasses which creates, over the medium-term (7-10 years), a sustainable production of an alcoholic drink and/or pharmaceutical products and/or fodder for cattle and/or wood. Further objectives are water conservation, biodiversity, generation of permanend employment, carbon sequestration, generation of higher family incomes and a reduction of the amount of livestock and number of animals and uncontrolled grazing. These positive impacts of the Approach contribute to preventing the rural population from emigrating to the cities or abroad.

Methods: Coordination, cooperation and systematic participatory process among stakeholders are the basis of the Approach. Promoting participatory process occurs through workshops, interviews with community leaders, field visits conducted with owners of the land to recognize the problems and identify areas of opportunity, training courses, exchange of experiences with other people who are developing similar projects at different stages. Technical advice and the links with scientists, technicians and public officials in charge of project beneficiaries is given under a two-way process of mutual learning and seeking to strengthen self-management capabilities that inspires innovation at the different stages. The key to success of a participatory Approach lies in liberating and developing community leadership and self-organization processes.

Stages of implementation: The project is part of a regional planning context and a basin scale approach of intervention. The watershed of the site project is included in a special programme of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Mexico which gives the opportunity of developing and financing a medium- to long-term project. The participatory process is delivered from planning, organizing, programming and implementing to financing, training, monitoring and disseminating the results. The greenhouse and nursery management, the technical assessment for the improvement of the agave forestry system, guidance with quality production of mezcal and marketing support to diversity products and sell them in order to make the project financially self-sustaining and profitable. All these stages range from short- to medium- and long-term.

Role of stakeholders: The government finances the project through grant resources, promotes the participation of beneficiaries and monitors it, seeking the management of resources and intersectoral participation. Scientists and academics share their knowledge, techniques and methodologies for implementation, improvement, evaluation and monitoring of each stage, and they support capacity-building of the community. The owners of the land and the community implement and develio each of the activities from building and maintaining the greenhouse and nursery, planting agaves, trees and shrubs, to the use and production of mezcal and other commercial products.

2.3 ຮູບພາບຂອງແນວທາງ

2.5 ປະເທດ / ເຂດ / ສະຖານທີ່ບ່ອນທີ່ແນວທາງໄດ້ຖືກນໍາໃຊ້

2.6 ວັນທີເລີ່ມຕົ້ນ ແລະ ສິ້ນສຸດ ການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕີບັດ ວິທີທາງ

2.7 ປະເພດຂອງແນວທາງ

• ພາຍໃຕ້ໂຄງການ / ແຜນງານ

2.8 ເປົ້າໝາຍ / ຈຸດປະສົງຫຼັກ ຂອງການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ວິທີທາງ

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Economical activity, Health, agriculture, wood, agaveforestry)

Rehabilitation of degraded land is done using native agave, trees, shrubs and grasses which creates over the medium-term (7-10 years) sustainable production of an alcoholic drink (mezcal) and/or pharmaceutical products and/or fodder for cattle and/or wood.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Social and economic problems: Agriculture and livestock in the region are primarily for subsistence. The level of poverty and marginalization of the people of the project site is medium to high with low education levels. People need to migrate to the cities or outside the country to supplement the family budget. Prices of farmer productions are too low and do not allow economic survival. Therefore, only 10 to 20% of the total incomes are derived from agricultural products. This explains why the children of farmers do not wnat to become farmers and lands are less and less cultuvated. In correlation, as the livestock price is good and animals can be raised whth little input of time. Thus the number of animals is increasing and as they are grazing everywhere, they have a strong soil erosion impact.

2.9 ເງື່ອນໄຂອໍານວຍ ຫຼື ຂັດຂວາງການປະຕິບັດຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ / ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີການນໍາໃຊ້ຕາມແນວທາງ

3.1 ຜູ້ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ໃນວິທີທາງ ແລະ ພາລະບົດບາດ ຂອງເຂົາເຈົ້າ

3.2 ການມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນໃນທ້ອງຖິ່ນ / ຊຸມຊົນທ້ອງຖິ່ນໃນໄລຍະທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນຂອງແນວທາງ

	ການລວບລວມ ເອົາຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນ ໃນທ້ອງຖິ່ນ / ຊຸມຊົນທ້ອງຖິ່ນ	ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ຜູ້ໃດທີ່ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ໃນແຕ່ລະກິດຈະກໍາ?
ການເລີ່ມຕົ້ນ / ແຮງຈູງໃຈ	ການນໍາໃໍຊ້ເອງ	Balance alternatives and take decisions to test the agave forestry
ການວາງແຜນ	ການຮ່ວມມື	Planning,organizing and programming the project, defining responsibilities, time and initial investment. Identification of agave seeds and a proper place to install the greenhouse and nursery.
ການປະຕິບັດ	ການນໍາໃໍຊ້ເອງ	Building and maintenance of greenhouse and nursery, selecting the sites for the plantation and planting. Training of land users by other land users to produce mezcal according to quality rules for a recognized product.
ຕິດຕາມກວດກາ / ການປະເມີນຜົນ	ການນໍາໃໍຊ້ເອງ	In each field: monitoring plant growth, status of the protection against cattle grazing, indications of soil erosion.
Research	ການຮ່ວມມື	Monitoring by some land users of some parameters defined by scientists.

3.3 ແຜນວາດ (ຖ້າມີ)

3.4 ການຕັດສິນໃຈກ່ຽວກັບການຄັດເລືອກເຕັກໂນໂລຢີຂອງການຄຸ້ມຄອງທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ / ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ໄດ້ຕັດສິນໃຈເລືອກ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ (ຫຼາຍ) ບໍ່?

• by SLM specialists and by land users

ອະທິບາຍ:

To answer the preoccupation of land degradation, poverty etc... by land users, the SLM specialits present alternatives which were analyzed, avaluated through field visit to actual producers, and then discussed and accepted by land users

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users. Proposals of SLM specialists based on experiences from other projects

4.1 ການສ້າງຄວາມສາມາດ / ການຝຶກອົບຮົມ

ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ຫຼື ພາກສ່ວນກ່ຽວຂ້ອງອື່ນໆ ໄດ້ຮັບການຝຶກອົບຮົມບໍ່?

ແມ່ນ

ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ຜູ້ໃດທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຝຶກອົບຮົມ:

• ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນ
• ພະນັກງານພາກສະໜາມ / ທີ່ປຶກສາ

ຖ້າເປັນໄປໄດ້, ໃຫ້ລະບຸເພດ, ອາຍຸ, ສະຖານະພາບ, ຊົນເຜົ່າ, ແລະ ອື່ນໆ:

none

ຮູບແບບຂອງການຝຶກອົບຮົມ:

• ການເຮັດຕົວຈິງ
• ກອງປະຊຸມ

ໃນຫົວຂໍ້:

Training focused to explain which plant to select for seeds, how to create and maintain plants in greenhouses, how transplant them, and what is the strategy to plants them in the fields (border/production-trees/Agave...) Training for the alcohol production: management of the equipments, quality rules, tips, etc.. done by another mescal producer (small farmer) Training for annual herb

4.2 ການບໍລິການໃຫ້ຄໍາປຶກສາ

ເຮັດຜູ້ໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນມີການເຂົ້າເຖິງການບໍລິການໃຫ້ຄໍາປຶກສາ?

ແມ່ນ

ລະບຸວ່າການສະໜອງ ການບໍລິການ ໃຫ້ຄໍາປຶກສາ:

• ໃນພື້ນທີ່ຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນ

ອະທິບາຍ / ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Name of method used for advisory service: Plant (native Agave, trees and herbaceous) production advises; Key elements: Plant selection, Management of plants under greenhouse, Field plantation design; 4. Process of the mature plants (Production of certified mescal, medicinal herbs...)

Advisory service is very adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; The extension system is very adequate to ensure continuation of activities

4.3 ສະຖາບັນການສ້າງຄວາມເຂັ້ມແຂງ (ການພັດທະນາອົງການຈັດຕັ້ງ)

ສະຖາບັນ ໄດ້ຮັບການສ້າງຕັ້ງຂື້ນ ຫຼື ໄດ້ຮັບການສ້າງຄວາມເຂັ້ມແຂງ ໂດຍການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ວິທີທາງບໍ່?

• ມີ, ຫຼາຍ

ລະບຸ ທາງສະຖາບັນ ໄດ້ສ້າງຄວາມເຂັ້ມແຂງ ໃນລະດັບໃດ (ຫຼາຍ):

• ທ້ອງຖິ່ນ

ລະບຸ ປະເພດ ຂອງສະໜັບສະໜູນ:

• ທາງດ້ານການເງິນ
• ການສ້າງຄວາມອາດສາມາດ / ການຝຶກອົບຮົມ
• ອຸປະກອນ

ໃຫ້ລາຍລະອຽດເພີ່ມເຕີມ:

transport

4.4 ຕິດຕາມກວດກາ ແລະ ປະເມີນຜົນ

ການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ວິທີທາງ ໄດ້ມີການປະເມີນຜົນ ແລະ ຕິດຕາມບໍ?

ແມ່ນ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

area treated aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government, land users, other through observations

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through observations

management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through observations

area treated aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through measurements

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through observations

technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations

technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements

bio-physical aspects were monitored by project staff, government through observations

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Too early to answer

There were few changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Too early to answer

4.5 ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ

ນີ້້ແມ່ນສ່ວນໜຶ່ງ ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ ຂອງວິທີທາງບໍ່?

ແມ່ນ

ລະບຸ ຫົວຂໍ້:

• ເສດຖະສາດ / ການຕະຫຼາດ
• ລະບົບນິເວດ
• ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ໃຫ້ຂໍ້ມູນ ເພີ່ມເຕີມ ແລະ ກໍານົດ ຜູ້ໃດເຮັດການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ:

No information about condition of production of this agave species, especially to the sugar produce by the plant which will be used for alcohol production (better plant in the shadow or under direct sun? better old plants than young one? etc...). Effectiveness of soil control erosion system (density of Agave plantations on line of green walls...) have not been measured until now

Research was carried out on station

5.1 ງົບປະມານປະຈໍາປີ ສໍາລັບວິທີທາງ ຂອງການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ

ຖ້າຫາກບໍ່ຮູ້ຈັດງົບປະມານທີ່ແນ່ນອນ ແມ່ນໃຫ້ປະມານເອົາ:

• 2,000-10,000

ຄໍາເຫັນ (ຕົວຢ່າງ: ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນຫຼັກ ຂອງການສະໜອງທຶນ / ຜູ້ໃຫ້ທຶນທີ່ສໍາຄັນ):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government: 80.0%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc): 10.0%; local community / land user(s): 10.0%

5.2 ການສະໜັບສະໜູນ ທາງດ້ານການເງິນ / ອຸປະກອນ ສະໜອງໃຫ້ແກ່ຜູ້ນໍາທີ່ດິນ

ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນ ໄດ້ຮັບການສະໜັບສະໜູນ ທາງດ້ານ ການເງິນ / ອຸປະກອນ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີບໍ?

ແມ່ນ

ຖ້າແມ່ນ, ໃຫ້ລະບຸປະເພດ (ຫຼາຍ) ຂອງການສະໜັບສະໜູນ, ເງື່ອນໄຂ ແລະ ຜູູ້ສະໜອງ (ຫຼາຍ):

Parts comes from UE research project (DESIRE) and main part comes from environmental taxes funds managed by SEMARNAT (Sec environment)

5.3 ເງິນສົມທົບສໍາລັບການນໍາໃຊ້ສະເພາະປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າໃນການຜະລີດກະສິກໍາ (ລວມທັງແຮງງານ)

• ອຸປະກອນ

• ກະສິກໍາ

• ການກໍ່ສ້າງ

• ອື່ນໆ

ຖ້າແຮງງານ ຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນ ໄດ້ຮັບການສະໜັບສະໜູນ ປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າ, ແມ່ນບໍ່:

• ຈ່າຍເປັນເງິນສົດ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

'PET' programs=payement in cash of local farmers for doing environmental works designed and directed by the SEMARNAT

5.4 ສິນເຊື່ອ

ໄດ້ປ່ອຍສິນເຊື່ອ ສະໜອງໃຫ້ພາຍໃຕ້ ວິທີການສໍາລັບກິດຈະກໍາ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນນຍົງບໍ່?

ບໍ່ແມ່ນ

6.1 ຜົນກະທົບຂອງແນວທາງ

6.2 ແຮງຈູງໃຈຫຼັກຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນໃນການປະຕິບັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ

6.3 ຄວາມຍືນຍົງຂອງກິດຈະກໍາວິທີທາງ

ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ ທີ່ດິນ ສາມາດສືບຕໍ່ ການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ຜ່ານວິທີທາງໄດ້ບໍ່ (ໂດຍປາດສະຈາກ ການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ ຈາກພາກສ່ວນພາຍນອກ)?

• ແມ່ນ

ຖ້າ ໄດ້, ອະທິບາຍເຫດຜົນ:

The first step need external funds, but then, when the production will start, the beneficts will cover all the costs of management and extension to cover more surface

6.4 ຈຸດແຂງ / ຂໍ້ດີ ຂອງວິທີທາງ

ຈຸດແຂງ / ຈຸດດີ / ໂອກາດ ຈາກທັດສະນະຂອງຜູ້ປ້ອນຂໍ້ມູນ ຫຼື ບຸກຄົນສຳຄັນ
Productive project which generates economic benefits over the medium-term (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: As a result of the money earned, it will be possible to extend the area concerned and subsides will not be necessary anymore.)
The project is done in a participative way where different kinds of stakeholders are involved: administrators, politicians, scientists and the public (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Maintenance of the interaction between stakeholders from the workshops, present results to other authorities and appropriate fora.)

6.5 ຈຸດອ່ອນ / ຂໍ້ເສຍຂອງແນວທາງ ແລະ ວິທີການແກ້ໄຂໃຫ້ເຂົາເຈົ້າ

ຈຸດອ່ອນ ຫຼື ຂໍ້ເສຍ ຫຼື ຄວາມສ່ຽງ ໃນມຸມມອງຂອງ ຜູ້ສັງລວມຂໍ້ມູນ ຫຼື ບັນດາຜູ້ຕອບແບບສອບຖາມ	ມີວິທີການແກ້ໄຂຄືແນວໃດ?
Selling alcoholic drink is not necessarily beneficial from a health and societal point of view	Maintenance of campaign to reduce consumption and develop a responsible attitude to alcohol.
Women particularly, are worried about the possibility of the increas in alcohol consumtion	Since alcoholic drink will be produced in a semi-industrial way for external market, it is not supposed to be consumed by the communities themselves.

7.2 ເອກະສານທົ່ວໄປທີ່ສາມາດໃຊ້ໄດ້

ຫົວຂໍ້, ຜູ້ຂຽນ, ປີ, ISBN:

DESIRE project Mexico partner (IRD 22)

ມີຢູ່ໃສ?ມູນຄ່າເທົ່າໃດ?

http://www.desire-project.eu/