1.2 ລາຍລະອຽດ ການຕິດຕໍ່ ຂອງບຸກຄົນທີ່ຊັບພະຍາກອນ ແລະ ສະຖາບັນ ການມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ໃນການປະເມີນຜົນ ແລະ ເອກະສານ ຂອງວິທີທາງ

ຊື່ຂອງໂຄງການ ທີ່ອໍານວຍຄວາມສະດວກ ໃນການສ້າງເອກກະສານ ຫຼື ປະເມີນດ້ານແນວທາງ (ຖ້າກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ)

The Transboundary Agro-ecosystem Management Project for the Kagera River Basin (GEF-FAO / Kagera TAMP )

ຊື່ຂອງ ສະຖາບັນການຈັດຕັ້ງ ທີ່ອໍານວຍຄວາມສະດວກ ໃນການສ້າງເອກກະສານ ຫຼື ປະເມີນແນວທາງ (ຖ້າກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ)

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - ອີຕາລີ

ຊື່ຂອງ ສະຖາບັນການຈັດຕັ້ງ ທີ່ອໍານວຍຄວາມສະດວກ ໃນການສ້າງເອກກະສານ ຫຼື ປະເມີນແນວທາງ (ຖ້າກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ)

Missenyi District Council (Missenyi District Council) - ຕານຊາເນຍ

1.3 ເງື່ອນໄຂ ຂອງການນໍາໃຊ້ເອກກະສານຂໍ້ມູນ ຂອງ WOCAT

ເມື່ອໃດທີ່ໄດ້ສັງລວມຂໍ້ມູນ (ຢູ່ພາກສະໜາມ)?

28/08/2012

ຜູ້ສັງລວມ ແລະ ບັນດາຜູ້ຕອບແບບສອບຖາມ ຍອມຮັບໃນເງື່ອນໄຂ ການນໍາໃຊ້ຂໍ້ມູນເອກະສານ ທີ່ສ້າງຂື້ນ ໂດຍຜ່ານ ອົງການ WOCAT:

ແມ່ນ

1.4 ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ (ຫຼາຍ) ກັບແບບສອບຖາມ (ຫຼາຍ) ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ຂອງດ້ານການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ

2.1 ການອະທິບາຍ ໂດຍຫຍໍ້ ຂອງວິທີທາງ

Livestock keepers groups and local government collaboration for management of livestock watering points.

2.2 ການອະທິບາຍ ລາຍລະອຽດ ຂອງວິທີທາງ

ການອະທິບາຍ ລາຍລະອຽດ ຂອງວິທີທາງ:

Aims / objectives: The main aim of this approach is to improve management of water resources through strengthening collaboration between land owners and livestock keepers for efficient livestock production/management and increased incomes. This approach ensures livestock watering point accessibility during dry seasons. Objective is to reach a compromise between livestock keepers and land owners on terms of conditions for access and use of watering points. As results livestock keepers and land owner can improve their planning activities and minimize conflict between them.

Methods: A self-help livestock keepers group is normally formed. It establishes regular and efficient cooperation among the livestock keepers and negotiations with land owners on water access issues. They make financial contributions to support the established self-help group. Through these contributions construction and maintenance of the ponds and troughs (the livestock watering system) is assured. Construction and maintenance is also done through voluntary work.
This traditional system was developed by elders and spread through learning by doing from the old to the young generation. In passing over knowledge from the elderly to the youths, experience in livestock and water resources management systems is gained.
The approach is also characterized by reverence to the existing village by-laws reinforced by the village government as well as existing customary laws to prevent degradation and pollution of water sources. Extension officers provide technical backstopping on recommended animal health practices that include deworming, routine spraying and vaccination against diseases.


Stages of implementation: Implementation takes place in three stages
1) Livestock keeper group formation: The group size is determined by the number of livestock. A single trough can accommodate not more than 150 cattle which determine the number of livestock keepers to form a group. The group has its informal organizational system with a nominated leader.
2) Contributions and voluntary works: Each livestock keeper makes a payment of about 20 dollars to the land owner as annual user fee. Maintenance is the responsibility of all livestock keepers.
3) Management: Include use of by-laws and provision of advisory services


Role of stakeholders: Land owner: He has the key role of ensuring that the area is used in a sustainable manner. Group members pay land rent to him for area utilization and management.
Livestock keepers: These are key users of the area, voluntarily participate in construction and maintenance of water troughs, pay land rent, manage and control watering of their animals.
Village and Ward administration and elders: Ensuring that village by-laws and customary laws guiding use of fragile ecosystems are adhered to.
Ward and village extension officers: Provide technical advisory to livestock keepers.
District administration and extension staff: Facilitating and enabling community understanding of policy, acts and laws guiding use of fragile ecosystems so that they can make informed management decision.


Other important information: This approach plays significant role in preventing conflict between domestic water users and livestock keepers especially during the dry season.

2.3 ຮູບພາບຂອງແນວທາງ

2.5 ປະເທດ / ເຂດ / ສະຖານທີ່ບ່ອນທີ່ແນວທາງໄດ້ຖືກນໍາໃຊ້

2.7 ປະເພດຂອງແນວທາງ

• ພື້ນເມືອງ / ທ້ອງຖີ່ນ

2.8 ເປົ້າໝາຍ / ຈຸດປະສົງຫຼັກ ຂອງການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ວິທີທາງ

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Construction, managment and utilization)

Minimizing of land dagradation and better water availability to contribute to livelihood improvement.


The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: 1. There was no livestock keepers organization to comprise over use of water resource during the dry season.
2. Water use conflict between livestock keepers and domestic water users
3. Weak administration of bylaws.

2.9 ເງື່ອນໄຂອໍານວຍ ຫຼື ຂັດຂວາງການປະຕິບັດຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ / ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີການນໍາໃຊ້ຕາມແນວທາງ

3.1 ຜູ້ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ໃນວິທີທາງ ແລະ ພາລະບົດບາດ ຂອງເຂົາເຈົ້າ

3.2 ການມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນໃນທ້ອງຖິ່ນ / ຊຸມຊົນທ້ອງຖິ່ນໃນໄລຍະທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນຂອງແນວທາງ

	ການລວບລວມ ເອົາຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນ ໃນທ້ອງຖິ່ນ / ຊຸມຊົນທ້ອງຖິ່ນ	ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ຜູ້ໃດທີ່ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ໃນແຕ່ລະກິດຈະກໍາ?
ການເລີ່ມຕົ້ນ / ແຮງຈູງໃຈ	ການນໍາໃໍຊ້ເອງ	Livestock keepers /elders: Inheritance and transference of the approach to youth.
ການວາງແຜນ	ການນໍາໃໍຊ້ເອງ	Livestock keepers /elders: Informal planning and improvement through cycles of action and reflection.
ການປະຕິບັດ	ການນໍາໃໍຊ້ເອງ	Livestock keepers individuals and groups, village leaders and agricultural advisers: use of the approach, law enforcement and technical advisory services and interpretation of act, law and guidelines protecting fragile ecosystems.
ຕິດຕາມກວດກາ / ການປະເມີນຜົນ	ການນໍາໃໍຊ້ເອງ	Livestock keepers individuals and groups, village leaders and agricultural advisers and SLM specialists: manage effective use of the technology, ensure adherence of Acts, Rules and Regulation and SLM documentation for dissemination and sharing.
Research	ການຮ່ວມມື	Livestock keepers individuals and groups and agricultural advisers and SLM specialists: identification and documentation of researchable issues.

3.3 ແຜນວາດ (ຖ້າມີ)

3.4 ການຕັດສິນໃຈກ່ຽວກັບການຄັດເລືອກເຕັກໂນໂລຢີຂອງການຄຸ້ມຄອງທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ / ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ລະບຸ ຄົນທີ່ຕັດສິນໃຈ ກ່ຽວກັບການຄັດເລືອກຂອງ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ / ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ຈະໄດ້ຮັບການປະຕິບັດ:

• ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນຜູ້ດຽວ (ການລິເລີ່ມດ້ວຍຕົນເອງ)

ອະທິບາຍ:

A decision to use the technology relies on livestock keepers self-mobilization, own choice induced through inheritance and learning by doing.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). Decision to use the method is partly through spontaneous adoption from elders and improvement through cycles of action and reflection.

4.1 ການສ້າງຄວາມສາມາດ / ການຝຶກອົບຮົມ

ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ຫຼື ພາກສ່ວນກ່ຽວຂ້ອງອື່ນໆ ໄດ້ຮັບການຝຶກອົບຮົມບໍ່?

ແມ່ນ

ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ຜູ້ໃດທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຝຶກອົບຮົມ:

• ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນ
• ພະນັກງານພາກສະໜາມ / ທີ່ປຶກສາ

• village and ward leaders

ຖ້າເປັນໄປໄດ້, ໃຫ້ລະບຸເພດ, ອາຍຸ, ສະຖານະພາບ, ຊົນເຜົ່າ, ແລະ ອື່ນໆ:

both men and women and all ages (youth and elders).

ຮູບແບບຂອງການຝຶກອົບຮົມ:

• ການເຮັດຕົວຈິງ
• ກອງປະຊຸມ

ຮູບແບບຂອງການຝຶກອົບຮົມ:

• seminar and workshops.

ໃນຫົວຂໍ້:

Act and Laws guiding the use of fragile ecosystems, prevention of water borne diseases, recommended livestock keeping methods and water management.

4.2 ການບໍລິການໃຫ້ຄໍາປຶກສາ

ເຮັດຜູ້ໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນມີການເຂົ້າເຖິງການບໍລິການໃຫ້ຄໍາປຶກສາ?

ແມ່ນ

ລະບຸວ່າການສະໜອງ ການບໍລິການ ໃຫ້ຄໍາປຶກສາ:

• ໃນພື້ນທີ່ຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນ

ອະທິບາຍ / ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Name of method used for advisory service: Farmer field school ; Key elements: learning by doing on the job and in the field (Number of knowledge sharing activities: on the job training, field practice), adult learning – livestock self-help groups , livestock management. , indegenous and technical knowledge balanced and combined in a complementary manner.; Technical advisory services largely involved building on and improving the successful experience resulted from the use of indigenous knowledge.

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; The increase number of extension workers from 1 to 2 and introduction of TAMP project (trans boundary agro-ecosystem management project) in the village will speed up implementation of conservation activities in the village.

4.3 ສະຖາບັນການສ້າງຄວາມເຂັ້ມແຂງ (ການພັດທະນາອົງການຈັດຕັ້ງ)

ສະຖາບັນ ໄດ້ຮັບການສ້າງຕັ້ງຂື້ນ ຫຼື ໄດ້ຮັບການສ້າງຄວາມເຂັ້ມແຂງ ໂດຍການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ວິທີທາງບໍ່?

• ບໍ່ມີ

4.4 ຕິດຕາມກວດກາ ແລະ ປະເມີນຜົນ

ການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ວິທີທາງ ໄດ້ມີການປະເມີນຜົນ ແລະ ຕິດຕາມບໍ?

ແມ່ນ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by government, land users through observations; indicators: extent of area eroded

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by government, land users through measurements; indicators: Ponds/troughs and maintenance requirements

technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by land users through observations; indicators: number of livestock keeper trained

technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: number of conflicts between land owners and livestock keepers

socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by land users through observations; indicators: number of water conflict emerged and number resolved

socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by government, land users through measurements; indicators: livestock production and productivity

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by government through observations; indicators: increase in milk and meat productivity

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by government, land users through measurements; indicators: livestock keepers using the technology

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by government, land users through observations; indicators: number of livestock keepers using the technology

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by government, land users through measurements; indicators: adherence to water protective bylaws

management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by government through observations; indicators: % number of village bylaws used and adhered to

management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by government through measurements; indicators: None

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Implementation of group roles and adherence to by-laws e.g. protection of natural vegetation.

There were few changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: decrease in destruction of natural vegetation and reduction of eutrophication at the water source.

4.5 ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ

ນີ້້ແມ່ນສ່ວນໜຶ່ງ ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ ຂອງວິທີທາງບໍ່?

ແມ່ນ

• adaptive SLM trials

ໃຫ້ຂໍ້ມູນ ເພີ່ມເຕີມ ແລະ ກໍານົດ ຜູ້ໃດເຮັດການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ:

Adaptive trials through SLM demos by TAMP, ARI MARUKU and community. Farmers select the best bets technologies to apply on their own fields.

Research was carried out on-farm

5.1 ງົບປະມານປະຈໍາປີ ສໍາລັບວິທີທາງ ຂອງການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ

ຖ້າຫາກບໍ່ຮູ້ຈັດງົບປະມານທີ່ແນ່ນອນ ແມ່ນໃຫ້ປະມານເອົາ:

• < 2,000

ຄໍາເຫັນ (ຕົວຢ່າງ: ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນຫຼັກ ຂອງການສະໜອງທຶນ / ຜູ້ໃຫ້ທຶນທີ່ສໍາຄັນ):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (animal related extesion services, policy and law enforcement.): 20.0%; local community / land user(s) (voluntary contribution by livestock keeper groups and land owner ): 80.0%

5.2 ການສະໜັບສະໜູນ ທາງດ້ານການເງິນ / ອຸປະກອນ ສະໜອງໃຫ້ແກ່ຜູ້ນໍາທີ່ດິນ

ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນ ໄດ້ຮັບການສະໜັບສະໜູນ ທາງດ້ານ ການເງິນ / ອຸປະກອນ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີບໍ?

ບໍ່ແມ່ນ

5.3 ເງິນສົມທົບສໍາລັບການນໍາໃຊ້ສະເພາະປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າໃນການຜະລີດກະສິກໍາ (ລວມທັງແຮງງານ)

ຖ້າແຮງງານ ຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນ ໄດ້ຮັບການສະໜັບສະໜູນ ປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າ, ແມ່ນບໍ່:

• ການອາສາ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

labour is needed in taking the animals for watering as well as during actual watering of the animals.

5.4 ສິນເຊື່ອ

ໄດ້ປ່ອຍສິນເຊື່ອ ສະໜອງໃຫ້ພາຍໃຕ້ ວິທີການສໍາລັບກິດຈະກໍາ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນນຍົງບໍ່?

ບໍ່ແມ່ນ

6.1 ຜົນກະທົບຂອງແນວທາງ

6.2 ແຮງຈູງໃຈຫຼັກຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນໃນການປະຕິບັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ

6.3 ຄວາມຍືນຍົງຂອງກິດຈະກໍາວິທີທາງ

ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ ທີ່ດິນ ສາມາດສືບຕໍ່ ການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ຜ່ານວິທີທາງໄດ້ບໍ່ (ໂດຍປາດສະຈາກ ການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ ຈາກພາກສ່ວນພາຍນອກ)?

• ບໍ່ແນ່ນອນ

ຖ້າ ບໍ່ ຫຼື ບໍ່ແນ່ໃຈ, ໃຫ້ອະທິບາຍ ແລະ ຄໍາເຫັນ:

in the future a support is needed in terms of group management and organizational development, marketing and business planning skills and livestock keepers also need further exposure to SLM concept.

6.4 ຈຸດແຂງ / ຂໍ້ດີ ຂອງວິທີທາງ

ຈຸດແຂງ / ຂໍ້ດີ / ໂອກາດໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ
Is a mechanism for assurance of water availability for animal watering in the dry season. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: continue with good collaboration with the land owner and livestock keeper solidarity.)

ຈຸດແຂງ / ຈຸດດີ / ໂອກາດ ຈາກທັດສະນະຂອງຜູ້ປ້ອນຂໍ້ມູນ ຫຼື ບຸກຄົນສຳຄັນ
The training of extension officers, elders etc covered many aspects of sustainable livestock production and natural water resources protection (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Activities presented during the training should be put into practice and spread among other livestock keepers )
Involvement of the district administration, wards, elders in the approaches implementation (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: insist on active involvement )
Strong commitment of livestock keepers to improve livestock production and their livelihood (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Awareness raising )
Reduced conflict between water for domestic use and for watering animals (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: strengthen use of the approach and bylaws guiding it )
Reduced cost and largely relies on self mobilization and voluntarism of the livestock keepers. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Group management and organizational development to strengthen cohesiveness.)
Is dynamic, flexible and accommodate outside advisory and technical support and therefore opens opportunities for future improvement. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Needs assessment and provision of appropriate advisory and technical support. )

6.5 ຈຸດອ່ອນ / ຂໍ້ເສຍຂອງແນວທາງ ແລະ ວິທີການແກ້ໄຂໃຫ້ເຂົາເຈົ້າ

ຈຸດອ່ອນ / ຂໍ້ເສຍ / ຄວາມສ່ຽງໃນມູມມອງຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ	ມີວິທີການແກ້ໄຂຄືແນວໃດ?
low know how	broadern know how

ຈຸດອ່ອນ ຫຼື ຂໍ້ເສຍ ຫຼື ຄວາມສ່ຽງ ໃນມຸມມອງຂອງ ຜູ້ສັງລວມຂໍ້ມູນ ຫຼື ບັນດາຜູ້ຕອບແບບສອບຖາມ	ມີວິທີການແກ້ໄຂຄືແນວໃດ?
The approach is largely informal in terms of livestock keepers organization. There is no written constitution and the groups are not registration.	improvement in terms of formulation of group constitution, opening of bank account and group registration.
Narrow focus largely relies solely on indigenous knowledge base .	broaden horizon of understanding by combining with technical knowledge base.
Lack of promotion materials to involve other livestock keepers	increase number of promotion materials
Rural poverty not reduced significantly	more activities that can lead to reduction of rural poverty required

7.1 ວິທີການ / ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນ

7.2 ເອກະສານທົ່ວໄປທີ່ສາມາດໃຊ້ໄດ້

ຫົວຂໍ້, ຜູ້ຂຽນ, ປີ, ISBN:

Kagera TAMP project (pdfFinal Report 2013)

ມີຢູ່ໃສ?ມູນຄ່າເທົ່າໃດ?

http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/oed/docs/GCPRAF424GFF_2013_ER.pdf