1.2 ຂໍ້ມູນ ການຕິດຕໍ່ພົວພັນ ຂອງບຸກຄົນທີ່ສໍາຄັນ ແລະ ສະຖາບັນ ທີ່ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ໃນການປະເມີນເອກກະສານ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ຊື່ສະຖາບັນ (ຫຼາຍສະຖາບັນ) ທີ່ອໍານວຍຄວາມສະດວກ ໃນການສ້າງເອກກະສານ / ປະເມີນ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ (ຖ້າກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ)

Kathmandu University (KU) - ເນໂປ

1.3 ເງື່ອນໄຂ ກ່ຽວກັບ ການນໍາໃຊ້ຂໍ້ມູນເອກະສານ ທີ່ສ້າງຂື້ນ ໂດຍຜ່ານ ອົງການພາບລວມຂອງໂລກ ທາງດ້ານແນວທາງ ແລະ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ຂອງການອານຸລັກ ທໍາມະຊາດ (WOCAT)

ເມື່ອໃດທີ່ໄດ້ສັງລວມຂໍ້ມູນ (ຢູ່ພາກສະໜາມ)?

17/01/2014

ຜູ້ປ້ອນຂໍ້ມູນ ແລະ ບຸກຄົນສຳຄັນ ທີ່ໃຫ້ຂໍ້ມູນ (ຫຼາຍ) ຍິນຍອມ ຕາມເງື່ອນໄຂ ໃນການນຳໃຊ້ຂໍ້ມູນ ເພື່ອສ້າງເປັນເອກກະສານຂອງ WOCAT:

ແມ່ນ

1.4 ແຈ້ງການວ່າ ດ້ວຍຄວາມຍືນຍົງຂອງ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ດັ່ງກ່າວໄດ້ອະທິບາຍ ເຖິງບັນຫາ ກ່ຽວກັບ ການເຊື່ອມໂຊມຂອງດິນບໍ? ຖ້າບໍ່ດັ່ງນັ້ນ ມັນບໍ່ສາມາດ ຢັ້ງຢືນໄດ້ວ່າ ເປັນເຕັກໂນໂລຊີ ໃນການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ? :

ບໍ່ແມ່ນ

2.1 ຄໍາອະທິບາຍສັ້ນຂອງ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ການກຳໜົດຄວາມໝາຍ ຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ:

It is a technology where slope, waste land, remains of crop land, marginal lands, rising terraces are protected by fodder cultivation.

2.2 ການອະທິບາຍ ລາຍລະອຽດ ຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ການພັນລະນາ:

This technology involves the cultivation of various trees, grasses, legumes and shrubs that can be used as livestock feed. The slopes in the hills, rising terraces, waste and barren land and other land types with many limitations that cannot be used for agriculture are used for fodder cultivation. In this way, the land is protected from landslide, erosion by wind and water and the loss of soil fertility due to over-compaction of soil and overgrazing is reduced. In addition, the feed quality and quantity of the livestock is improved and their productivity consequently is also increased.

Purpose of the Technology: This technology is practiced:
-mainly for protection of land from erosion or landslide,to protect from over-compaction and overgrazing leading to soil fertility loss i.e. for land management
-for the purpose of providing food for livestock even during the winter months.
-for increasing the quality of feed for livestock and thus, improve their productivity.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: This technology involves the plantation of trees, legumes, shrubs and grasses in the wastelands and lands deemed unfit for agriculture. The suitable plant seedlings are planted at a particular season i.e during spring mainly in the month of Baisakh. Depending upon the amount of nourishment and the nutritional content requirement and availability of seedlings,the nutrient contents of feeds and fodders on the basis of soil composition, use of manures and fertilizers on the land, irrigation facilities, stage and speed of growth frequency of cutting the variety and strain of feed resources are determined. It needs watering and removal of unwanted weeds for some months and the plant needs no further caring. They grow by themselves. These plants are mostly rain-fed and have no other economical or aesthetic values as such and hence, these can be used only exclusively for fodder cultivation. The tree branches, leaves, twigs, shrubs, legume plant bodies used for feed can either be cut and harvest either from time to time when required or they may also be cut and stored in fodder storages for the winter months when other sources of feed are scarce or during the planting season (Asar) when labor is scarce.

Natural / human environment: We need not to create any human or artificial environment for cultivation. The trees grow naturally and create a pleasant environment in nature. Sometimes, for crop fodder cultivation, agricultural lands may come in use. For example, in maize crop used as fodder supplement, the main plots were sown with maize varieties, and the subplots were cutting of added rows of maize after different days after sowing. Thus, young maize plants were cut before drying out in the sun and may be used as fodder. Tropical grass species and improved grasses and legumes are also introduced in barren terrace landscape during the off season after harvesting.

2.3 ຮູບພາບຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

2.5 ປະເທດ / ເຂດ / ສະຖານທີ່ບ່ອນທີ່ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ໄດ້ຮັບການນໍາໃຊ້ ແລະ ທີ່ຖືກປົກຄຸມດ້ວຍການປະເມີນຜົນ

2.6 ວັນທີໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ

ຖ້າຫາກວ່າ ບໍ່ຮູ້ຈັກ ປີທີ່ຊັດເຈນ ແມ່ນໃຫ້ປະມານ ວັນທີເອົາ:

• ຫຼາຍກ່ອນ 50 ປີຜ່ານມາ (ແບບພື້ນບ້ານ)

2.7 ການນໍາສະເໜີ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ໄດ້ຖືກຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດຄືແນວໃດ?

• ເປັນສ່ວນໜື່ງຂອງລະບົບພື້ນເມືອງ (>50 ປີ)

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ (ປະເພດ ໂຄງການ ແລະ ອື່ນໆ):

It is a traditional method. The analysis corresponds to farmers’ preference of fodder tree species to their nutritional values. The traditional and experience-based choice of fodders species by farmers reflects their knowledge on nutritional values, cultivation easiness and seasonal variability of growth in local environments has been the basis of fodder cultivation in Nepal.

3.1 ຈຸດປະສົງຫຼັກ (ຫຼາຍ) ຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

• ປັບປຸງ ການຜະລິດ
• ຫຼຸດຜ່ອນ, ປ້ອງກັນ, ຟື້ນຟູ ການເຊື່ອມໂຊມຂອງດິນ

3.2 ປະເພດການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ໃນປະຈຸບັນ() ທີ່ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ໄດ້ຖືກນໍາໃຊ້

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil erosion, landslide, decreased fertility, over compaction of soil
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Flooding during heavy rainfall, landslides

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Grazing land: Gi: Intensive grazing/ fodder production

Constraints of wastelands / deserts / glaciers / swamps

ຖ້າຫາກວ່າ ການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ມີການປ່ຽນແປງ ໃນເວລາ ຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ, ແມ່ນໃຫ້ລະບຸວ່າ ດິນພື້ນທີ່ດັ່ງກ່າວ ເຄີຍເປັນດິນປະເພດໃດ ກ່ອນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ:

Other: Oo: Other: wastelands, deserts, glaciers, swamps, recreation areas, etc

3.3 ຂໍ້ມູນເພີ່ມເຕີມກ່ຽວກັບການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ

ການສະໜອງນໍ້າ ໃນພື້ນທີ່ ທີ່ໄດ້ນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ:

• ປະສົມປະສານ ກັນລະຫວ່າງ ນໍ້າຝົນ ແລະ ນໍ້າຊົນລະປະທານ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Also rainfed and full irrigation

ຈໍານວນ ລະດູການ ປູກໃນປີໜຶ່ງ:

• 2

ລະບຸ ຊະນິດ:

Longest growing period in days: 150; Longest growing period from month to month: Kartik to chaitra; Second longest growing period in days: 120; Second longest growing period from month to month: Ahsad to ashwin

3.4 ການນໍາໃຊ້ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ທີ່ຢູ່ໃນກຸ່ມການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ

• ການປັບປຸງດິນ / ພືດຄຸມດິນ

• use of wasteland for agriculture

3.5 ການຂະຫຍາຍເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ການແຜ່ຂະຫຍາຍ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ:

• ແຜ່ຂະຫຍາຍຢ່າງໄວວາໃນພື້ນທີ່

ຖ້າຫາກວ່າ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ໄດ້ແຜ່ຂະຫຍາຍທົ່ວພື້ນທີ່ືື ຢ່າງສະໜ່ຳສະເໝີ, ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ເນື້ອທີ່ ໂດຍການຄາດຄະເນ:

• 1-10 ກມ 2

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 2 km2.
This technology has been applied in the hole state which covers around 2 sq.km in about 146 houses. A number of fodder trees, ground legumes, shrub legumes, fodder crops and cultivated grasses have been used on the basis of the traditional and experience-based choice of fodders species by farmers which reflects their knowledge on nutritional values, cultivation easiness and seasonal variability of growth in warm temperate environment.

3.6 ມາດຕະການ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ ປະກອບດ້ວຍ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Secondary measures: agronomic measures, management measures
Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour, aligned: -along boundary

3.7 ປະເພດດິນເຊື່ອມໂຊມ ຫຼັກທີ່ໄດ້ນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Main causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (Before fodder cultivation), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts) (Landslide)
Secondary causes of degradation: soil management (People left land unfit for cultivation completely barren and without any vegetation at all causing top soil erosion), deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (Before this technology people depend upon forest), overgrazing (Result in desertification, irreversible loss of to soil, increase in turbidity of surface water and increase in flooding intensity and frequency), change of seasonal rainfall (Many areas that were set aside for rain fed agriculture become waste land due to drastic change in rainfall pattern.), floods (Mass movement landslide), droughts (Affects cultivation), poverty / wealth (The resource poor have to depend upon the natural environment for the fodder requirements and need to take their livestock for grazing in whatever grassland areas available causing soil degradation), education, access to knowledge and support services (most people do not know about conservation measures), governance / institutional (No govermental supports)

3.8 ການປ້ອງກັນ, ການຫຼຸດຜ່ອນ, ຫຼືການຟື້ນຟູຂອງການເຊື່ອມໂຊມຂອງດິນ

ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ເປົ້າໝາຍ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ທີ່ພົວພັນ ກັບຄວາມເຊື່ອມໂຊມຂອງດິນ:

• ຫຼຸດຜ່ອນການເຊື່ອມໂຊມຂອງດິນ
• ການຟື້ນຟູ / ຟື້ນຟູດິນທີ່ຊຸດໂຊມ

4.2 ການແຕ້ມແຜນວາດອະທິບາຍເຕັກນິກ

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high (They can decide which plants may be best on the basis of organic matter content, crude protein, tannin, fiber, lignin, fat, minerals and dry matter.)
Technical knowledge required for land users: high (The land users mostly cultivate plants based on their indigenous knowledge and whatever seedlings are available which give fast and a more quantitative rather than qualitative yeild.)

Main technical functions: improvement of ground cover, improvement of topsoil structure (compaction), stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder)
Secondary technical functions: increase of surface roughness, increase in organic matter, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…), increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting, reduction in wind speed, increase of biomass (quantity), spatial arrangement and diversification of land use

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, G : grass
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.4
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2

Aligned: -along boundary
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.4
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5

Trees/ shrubs species: Brassiopsis hainla(Chuletro), Alnus nepalensis (Uttis), Garuga pinnata (Dabdabe), Crateva unilocularis (Siplikan), Terminalia bellirica (Barro) planted trees;Desmodium introtum, Desmodium ovalifolium, Tephrosia candida(Mendola) all are planted shrubs
Grass species: Cynodon dactylon(Dubo), Desmostychia bipinnata(Kush), Imperata cylindrica(Siru), Melinis minutifolia (Bandhar Dhapaune Ghash)
Other species: cultivated legumes for fodder Lablab purpureus (Bean), Macroptilium atropurpurum (Atro/Siratro), Trifolium alexandrium, Trifolium pretense (Red Clover), Trifolium repens (White Clover), Vigna anguiculata( Bodi)

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 15%
Change of land use type: Previously the land was unused
Change of land use practices / intensity level: In order to minimise exposure to degradation processes, unused land was changed to controlled acces from barren land to fodder plants cultivated land

Layout change according to natural and human environment: Increased landscape diversity
Control / change of species composition: Previously barren land planted with grasses, legumes, fodder trees and grasses increasing the biomass and productivity of the area so encouragement of desired and introduction of new species was done

4.3 ຂໍ້ມູນທົ່ວໄປກ່ຽວກັບການຄິດໄລ່ປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າໃນການຜະລິດ ແລະ ມູນຄ່າອື່ນໆ

ສະກຸນເງິນອື່ນໆ / ປະເທດອື່ນໆ (ລະບຸ):

Rupees

ລະບຸ ອັດຕາແລກປ່ຽນ ຈາກໂດລາ ເປັນເງິນຕາທ້ອງຖີ່ນ (ຖ້າກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ): 1 ໂດລາ =:

97.0

4.4 ການສ້າງຕັ້ງກິດຈະກໍາ

	ກິດຈະກໍາ	ປະເພດ ມາດຕະການ	ໄລຍະເວລາ
1.	Plantation of the fodder plants in barren wastelands	ການບໍາລຸງລ້ຽງ	Spring(Chaitra-Baisakh)
2.	Cutting of the twigs, branches, legumes, crops and grasses	ການບໍາລຸງລ້ຽງ	Throughout the year
3.	Enrichment planting of tree seedling	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ
4.	Introduction of higher quality feed species	ການຈັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງ

4.5 ຕົ້ນທຶນ ແລະ ປັດໄຈຂາເຂົ້າທີ່ຈໍາເປັນໃນຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ

	ລະບຸ ປັດໃຈ ນໍາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລີດ	ຫົວໜ່ວຍ	ປະລິມານ	ຕົ້ນທຶນ ຕໍ່ຫົວໜ່ວຍ	ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ຂອງປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລິດ	% ຂອງຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ທີ່ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ໃຊ້ຈ່າຍເອງ
ແຮງງານ	Plantation of the fodder plants in barren wastelands	persons/day/ha	51.0	500.0	25500.0	100.0
ແຮງງານ	Cutting of the twigs, branches, legumes, crops and grasses	persons/day	1.0	200.0	200.0	100.0
ແຮງງານ	Enrichment planting of tree seedling	persons/day/ha	51.0	500.0	25500.0	100.0
ແຮງງານ	Introduction of higher quality feed species	persons/day/ha	10.0	98.03	980.3
ອຸປະກອນ	Spade	pieces	1.0	1000.0	1000.0	100.0
ອຸປະກອນ	Tools	pieces	1.0	500.0	500.0	100.0
ວັດສະດຸໃນການປູກ	Seedlings	pieces/ha	200.0	600.0	120000.0	100.0
ວັດສະດຸໃນການປູກ	Seedlings	pieces/ha	200.0	25.0	5000.0	100.0
ວັດສະດຸໃນການປູກ	Seeds	pieces/ha	200.0	25.0	5000.0	100.0
ຝຸ່ນ ແລະ ຢາຊີວະພາບ	Compost / manure	kg/ha	5.0	750.0	3750.0	100.0
ຝຸ່ນ ແລະ ຢາຊີວະພາບ	new Compost/manure	kg/ha	100.0	300.0	30000.0	100.0
ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ					217430.3

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Duration of establishment phase: 60 month(s)

4.6 ບໍາລຸງຮັກສາ / ແຜນຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ກິດຈະກໍາ

	ກິດຈະກໍາ	ປະເພດ ມາດຕະການ	ໄລຍະເວລາ / ຄວາມຖີ່
1.	Watering the seedlings	ການບໍາລຸງລ້ຽງ	Till 2 to 3 month after plantation
2.	Manuring	ການບໍາລຸງລ້ຽງ	Till 2 to 3 month

4.7 ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ ແລະ ປັດໄຈນໍາເຂົ້າທີ່ຈໍາເປັນສໍາລັບການບໍາລຸງຮັກສາກິດຈະກໍາ / ແຜນປະຕິບັດ (ຕໍ່ປີ)

	ລະບຸ ປັດໃຈ ນໍາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລີດ	ຫົວໜ່ວຍ	ປະລິມານ	ຕົ້ນທຶນ ຕໍ່ຫົວໜ່ວຍ	ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ຂອງປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລິດ	% ຂອງຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ທີ່ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ໃຊ້ຈ່າຍເອງ
ແຮງງານ	Watering the seedlings	persons/day/ha	2.0	200.0	400.0	100.0
ອຸປະກອນ	Pipes and buckets	pieces/ha	2.0	200.0	400.0	100.0
ວັດສະດຸໃນການປູກ	Manuring	kg/2m	1.0	300.0	300.0	100.0
ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການບໍາລຸງຮັກສາ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ					1100.0

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Machinery/ tools: axe, spade, plough

4.8 ປັດໄຈ ທີ່ສໍາຄັນ ທີ່ສົ່ງຜົນກະທົບ ຕໍ່ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ

ໃຫ້ອະທິບາຍ ປັດໃຈ ທີ່ສົ່ງຜົນກະທົບ ຕໍ່ຕົ້ນທຶນ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ:

Tthe labour and the cost for seeding. The manure requried is prepared naturally

5.1 ອາກາດ

5.2 ພູມິປະເທດ

ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ທີ່ໄດ້ຖືກນຳໃຊ້:

• ບໍ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ

5.3 ດິນ

ຖ້າເປັນໄປໄດ້ ແມ່ນໃຫ້ຕິດຄັດ ການພັນລະນາດິນ ຫຼື ຂໍ້ມູນສະເພາະຂອງດິນ, ຕົວຢ່າງ, ຄຸນລັກສະນະ ປະເພດຂອງດິນ, ຄ່າຄວາມເປັນກົດ / ເປັນດ່າງຂອງດິນ, ສານອາຫານ,​ ດິນເຄັມ ແລະ ອື່ນໆ.

Soil depth on average: The local people find the soil moderately deep
Soil fertility is medium, since people use compost manure for croping
Topsoil organic matter: Compost manure are used to increase organic matter
Soil drainage / infiltration is good because of sandy soils
Soil water storage capacity is medium - low, since sandy soils can not store water well. Also no ground water is found.

5.4 ມີນໍ້າ ແລະ ຄຸນນະພາບ

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ ແລະ ຂໍ້ກໍານົດ ເພີ່ມເຕີມ ກ່ຽວກັບ ຄຸນນະພາບ ແລະ ປະລິມານ ຂອງນ້ຳ:

Availability of surface water: Flooding occors during monsoon. Normally people depend on surface water for irrigation.
Water quality (untreated): People directly drink

5.5 ຊີວະນາໆພັນ

5.6 ຄຸນລັກສະນະ ຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ທີ່ໄດ້ນໍາໃຊ້ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ໃຫ້ລະບຸ ຄຸນລັກສະນະ ຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 50-100 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 6%
5% of the land users are rich and own 35% of the land (Living standred more than average).
90% of the land users are average wealthy and own 60% of the land (Average life standred).
5% of the land users are poor and own 5% of the land (Below average).
Market orientation of production system: There is a market for coffee.
Level of mechanization: Oxes are used for ploughing

5.7 ພື້ນທີ່ສະເລ່ຍຂອງທີ່ດິນ ຫຼື ເຊົ່າໂດຍຜູ້ໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

5.8 ເຈົ້າຂອງທີ່ດິນ, ສິດໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ, ແລະ ສິດທິການນໍາໃຊ້ນໍ້າ

ເຈົ້າຂອງດິນ:

• ລັດ
• ບຸກຄົນ, ບໍ່ມີຕໍາແໜ່ງ

ສິດທິ ໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ:

• ບຸກຄົນ

ສິດທິ ໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ນໍ້າ:

• ເປີດກວ້າງ (ບໍ່ມີການຈັດຕັ້ງ)
• ຊຸມຊົນ (ທີ່ມີການຈັດຕັ້ງ)

5.9 ການເຂົ້າເຖິງການບໍລິການ ແລະ ພື້ນຖານໂຄງລ່າງ

6.1 ການສະແດງຜົນກະທົບ ພາຍໃນພື້ນທີ່ ທີ່ໄດ້ຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ຜົນກະທົບທາງເສດຖະກິດສັງຄົມ

ການຜະລິດ

ລາຍໄດ້ ແລະ ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ

ຜົນກະທົບດ້ານວັດທະນາທໍາສັງຄົມ

ຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ລະບົບນິເວດ

ວົງຈອນນໍ້າ / ນໍ້າ

ດິນ

ຊີວະນານາພັນ: ສັດ, ພືດ

ການຫຼຸດຜ່ອນ ຄວາມສ່ຽງ ຈາກໄພພິບັດ ແລະ ອາກາດປ່ຽນແປງ

6.3 ການປ້ອງກັນ ແລະ ຄວາມບອບບາງ ຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢິ ໃນການປ່ຽນແປງສະພາບດິນຟ້າອາກາດ ແລະ ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບອາກາດທີ່ມີການປ່ຽນແປງທີ່ຮຸນແຮງ / ໄພພິບັດທາງທໍາມະຊາດ (ຮັບຮູ້ໄດ້ໂດຍຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ)

ການປ່ຽນແປງດິນຟ້າອາກາດ ເທື່ອລະກ້າວ

ການປ່ຽນແປງດິນຟ້າອາກາດ ເທື່ອລະກ້າວ

	ລະດູການ	ຮູບແບບ ການປ່ຽນແປງດິນຟ້າອາກາດ / ທີ່ຮ້າຍແຮງ	ການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ສາມາດ ຮັບມື ໄດ້ຄືແນວໃດ?
ອຸນຫະພູມປະຈໍາປີ		ເພີ່ມຂື້ນ	ດີ

ອາກາດ ທີ່ກ່ຽວພັນກັບຄວາມຮຸນແຮງ (ໄພພິບັດທາງທໍາມະຊາດ)

ໄພພິບັດທາງອຸຕຸນິຍົມ

	ການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ສາມາດ ຮັບມື ໄດ້ຄືແນວໃດ?
ພະຍຸຝົນ	ດີ
ພາຍຸລົມທ້ອງຖິ່ນ	ບໍ່ຮູ້

ໄພພິບັດທາງພູມອາກາດ

	ການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ສາມາດ ຮັບມື ໄດ້ຄືແນວໃດ?
ແຫ້ງແລ້ງ	ບໍ່​ດີ

ໄພພິບັດທາງອຸທົກກະສາກ

	ການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ສາມາດ ຮັບມື ໄດ້ຄືແນວໃດ?
ໂດຍທົ່ວໄປ (ແມ່ນໍ້າ) ນໍ້າຖ້ວມ	ບໍ່​ດີ

ຜົນສະທ້ອນສະພາບອາກາດອື່ນໆທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ

ຜົນສະທ້ອນສະພາບອາກາດອື່ນໆທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ

	ການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ສາມາດ ຮັບມື ໄດ້ຄືແນວໃດ?
ໄລຍະເວລາການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຫຼຸດລົງ	ບໍ່ຮູ້

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

The plant species to be planted should be chosen according to the environmental condition in different seasons

6.4 ການວິເຄາະຕົ້ນທຶນ ແລະ ຜົນປະໂຫຍດ

ຈະເຮັດປະໂຫຍດເພື່ອປຽບທຽບກັບຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍກັບສິ່ງກໍ່ສ້າງ (ຈາກທັດສະນະຂອງຜູ້ນຳໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ) ໄດ້ແນວໃດ?

ຈະໄດ້ຮັບຜົນປະໂຫຍດເມື່ອປຽບທຽບກັບ / ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍໃນການບຳລຸງຮັກສາທີເ່ກີດຂື້ນອິກ (ຈາກທັດສະນະຄະຕິຂອງຜູ້ນຳໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ) ໄດ້ແນວໃດ?

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Fodder plants do not need further maintainence and up keeping after they have been allowed to gow. Most are annual and some grasses are perennial. In the long term, the initial costs are duly covered and yield major economic benifits.

6.5 ການປັບຕົວຮັບເອົາເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

• 1-10%

ຖ້າຫາກວ່າມີ, ປະລິມານ (ຈໍານວນຂອງຄົວເຮືອນ / ເນື້ອທີ່ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ):

9 percent of stated area

ທັງໝົດນັ້ນ ແມ່ນໃຜ ທີ່ເປັນຜູ້ປັບຕົວ ໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ, ມີຈັກຄົນ ທີ່ສາມາດເຮັດເອງໄດ້, ຕົວຢ່າງ, ປາດສະຈາກ ການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ ທາງດ້ານອຸປະກອນ / ການຈ່າຍເປັນເງິນ?

• 90-100%

ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ:

Comments on acceptance with external material support: every one uses their own land and do on their own
100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
Comments on spontaneous adoption: as the village lies in hilly region there are many sloppy lands applicable for plantation of fodders.
There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology
Comments on adoption trend: every villagers find it effective as the waste land is also utilized and in addition productivity is also increased.

6.7 ຈຸດແຂງ / ຂໍ້ດີ / ໂອກາດ ໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ

ຈຸດແຂງ / ຂໍ້ດີ / ໂອກາດໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ
decrease in waste as animals fees almost all
increase in number of animal husbandary
Stall-feeding has been encouraged
Availabitlity of fodder even during harsh winter when there is scarcity of forage plants and during harvest season when there is lack of labour

ຈຸດແຂງ / ຈຸດດີ / ໂອກາດ ຈາກທັດສະນະຂອງຜູ້ປ້ອນຂໍ້ມູນ ຫຼື ບຸກຄົນສຳຄັນ
This technology has been able to manage and utilize the waste land
the livestock production has increased by which they develop economic status
barren lands and to soil erosion along with increase in turbulence of surface water leading to flooding has decreased which occurred due to over grazing
The biomass and productivity of the ecosystem has improved due to introduction of new species in barren land

6.8 ຈຸດອ່ອນ / ຂໍ້ເສຍ / ຄວາມສ່ຽງ ໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ແລະ ວິທີການແກ້ໄຂບັນຫາ

ຈຸດອ່ອນ / ຂໍ້ເສຍ / ຄວາມສ່ຽງໃນມຸມມອງຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ	ມີວິທີການແກ້ໄຂຄືແນວໃດ?
The trees do not grow fast enough to reap benefits faster	Trees and other legumes and grasses which have high growth rates should be planted
The fodder species are planted on communal wastelands so there are arguments if somebody takes more forage then others	Communal properties should be equally distributed and a managing body must be present
The production from the fodder plantation is never enough for the whole year	Along with wastelands and marginal uncultivable lands, crop fodder production can be done (like maize) even during the plantation of cash and food crops to ensure a year round supply

ຈຸດອ່ອນ/ຂໍ້ບົກຜ່ອງ/ຄວາມສ່ຽງ ຈາກທັດສະນະຂອງຜູ້ປ້ອນຂໍ້ມູນ ຫຼື ບຸກຄົນສຳຄັນ	ມີວິທີການແກ້ໄຂຄືແນວໃດ?
people may find difficulties in cutting tall trees	use shrubs, and herbs for plantation
Since it a common property, the use and negligence in management of common properties may eventually lead its failure	fodder plants do not need looking after very much but proper management of the forage resource by everyone involved must be done
Traditionally used crops have been used till now which may not have the highest nutrient content and qualitative feed	Proper research needs to be done to identify the plants best suited for that climate and topography and which have the highest nutritional content to improve production of livestock
Barren lands are often used for recreational purposes like for games by kids and hence protection of young plants may be difficult	For the few months of plantation care should be insured for their survival

7.1 ວິທີການ / ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນ