1.2 Арга барилыг баримтжуулах болон үнэлгээ хийхэд оролцсон хүн эсвэл байгууллагын холбоо барих хаяг

Арга барилыг баримтжуулах/үнэлэх ажилд дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн төслийн нэр (шаардлагатай бол)

FAO-Action Against Desertification

Арга барилыг баримтжуулах/үнэлэх ажилд дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн байгууллага(ууд)-ын нэр (шаардлагатай бол)

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - Итали

1.3 WOCAT-аар баримтжуулсан өгөгдлийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцөл

Эмхэтгэгч болон гол мэдээлэгч хүн(хүмүүс) WOCAT аргачлалаар баримтжуулсан мэдээллийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцлийг хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн:

Тийм

2.1 Арга барилын товч тодорхойлолт

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has been implementing a participatory approach to implement large-scale restoration of degraded land in the Sahel, by placing rural communities at the center. In the framework of the Great Green Wall initiative, well adapted useful native species of trees, shrubs, and fodder grasses are planted in agro-sylvo-pastoral land that responds to community needs and preferences and at the same time to the ecological suitability.

2.2 Арга барилын дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт

Арга барилын дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт:

The approach is implemented under FAO's Action against Desertification (AAD) programme in the Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel (GGWSSI); Africa's flagship initiative to combat the effects of climate change and desertification, and address food insecurity and poverty, bringing together more than 20 African countries with international organizations, research institutes, civil society and grassroots organizations. Through the GGWSSI, the vision is a mosaic of sustainable land use practices and productive landscapes across North Africa, the Sahel and the Horn.
Community participation in the Great Green Wall Restoration is a people-centered approach to rangeland management that puts communities at the heart of restoration efforts and focusses on their needs for useful plant species such as well-adapted native trees, shrubs and fodder grasses with a high resilience to drought and preferences for restoration in support of their livelihoods. Village communities decide on lands and on diverse species that they can use for food, to feed animals, for medical care and to produce economically valuable goods for local, national and even international markets, such as gum Arabic for example. Technically, AAD support the implementation of land restoration activities through provision of necessary equipment and strengthening the technical and functional capacities of individuals, communities, and organizations in restoration techniques and sustainable land management.
The main objectives of this approach are:
a) Poverty alleviation;
b) Ending hunger;
c) Improving resilience to climate change using a landscape approach.
The restoration approach is based on a five-step model:
• Communities: needs and requirements for restoration are determined through in-depth consultations with communities.
• Research: the quality seed is made available for the propagation of economically viable, locally adapted and bio-diverse material.
• Operational procedure: ensuring efficient operational restoration processes, including land preparation and management, assisted natural regeneration and planting.
• Monitoring: evaluating the field performance of species, as well as communal activities such as maintenance and management of restored areas.
• Capacity development: develop village technicians’ capacities in forest seed collecting and nursery techniques, planting, maintenance and management of restored areas, and development of plant products, marketing, and local business management.

2.3 Арга барилын зурагууд

2.4 Арга барилын бичлэгүүд

2.5 Арга барил нэвтрүүлсэн улс орон / бүс нутаг / байршил

2.6 Арга барилыг эхлэх, дуусах огноо

2.7 Арга барилын төрөл

• төсөл / хөтөлбөр дээр үндэслэсэн

2.8 Арга барилын үндсэн зорилго, зорилтууд

Key elements and aim of this approach include:
• That the right species planted in the right place.
• Promote the use of quality native forest and fodder seeds for restoration.
• Ensuring that a wide range of useful plant species is used or made available for use.
• Managing natural regeneration of species and planted areas through village management committees.
• Updating a species database for gene-pool traceability, monitoring, reporting and for future uses of data and information.

2.9 Арга барилын хүрээнд хэрэгжсэн Технологи/Технологиудад дэмжсэн эсвэл саад учруулсан нөхцлүүд

3.1 Арга барилд оролцогч талууд болон тэдгээрийн үүргүүд

3.2 Арга барилын янз бүрийн үе шатанд орон нутгийн газар ашиглагчид / бүлэглэлүүдийг татан оролцуулах

	Орон нутгийн газар ашиглагч / орон нутгийн иргэдийн оролцоо	Хэн оролцсоныг тодорхойлж, үйл ажиллагааг тайлбарлана уу
санаачлага/идэвхжүүлэлт	интерактив	Communities local knowledge, needs and aspirations were the back-borne of the project. Communities were extensively consulted on species identification and prioritization based on needs including speed of return of products for the local communities, personal knowledge and inspirations. This was through questionnaires and village workshops. I bigger commitment and buy-in from the community was also a prerequisite for activities to start as they had to commit to contribute land and labour in-kind. As a matter of fact, selection of villages for restoration was based on among other things motivation and commitment by communities to participate in restoration activities. and community based structures and organization.
Төлөвлөгөө	интерактив	Extensive planning was done with communities before implementation e.g. to agree on planting time ( at onset of rains), use of traditional techniques and land scarification.
Хэрэгжилт	интерактив	Implementation was done actively with communities who volunteered traditional knowledge and labour to the activities. This had built on the initiation; where species were selected and prioritized, planning of activities and later labour in preparation of land, setting up nurseries and trans-planting.
Мониторинг/ үнэлгээ	интерактив	Monitoring and field data collection on survival and growth of seedlings were carried out by trained village technicians in collaboration with the communities and technical institutions.

3.3 Диаграм (хэрэв боломжтой бол)

3.4 ГТМ-ийн технологи/технологиуд сонгох шийдвэр

Хэрэгжүүлэх Технологи/Технологиудын сонголтыг хийж шийдвэр гаргасан хүнийг тодорхойлно уу:

• оролцооны зарчмын хэсэг болох бүх холбогдох талууд

Тайлбар:

This is a local initiative that uses traditional ecological knowledge and multi-purpose plant species (of known benefits to the local communities) for restoration.
Community participation, lifestyles and preferences and a careful analysis of ecological landscapes are carefully considered and then matched to suitable interventions. This similar approach has been applied by other projects in the GGWSSI region however although has not often been formally disseminated to wider audiences.

Шийдвэрийг юунд үндэслэн гаргасан:

• ГТМ-ийн мэдлэгийг баримтжуулалтын үнэлгээ (нотолгоонд суурилсан шийдвэр гаргах)
• Судалгааны үр дүн, ололтууд
• Хувь хүний туршлага ба санал бодол (баримтжуулаагүй)

4.1 Чадавхи бэхжүүлэх/сургалт

Газар эзэмшигчид / бусад оролцогч талуудад сургалт явуулсан уу?

Тийм

Хэн сургалтанд хамрагдсан бэ:

• Газар ашиглагчид
• хээрийн ажилтан / зөвлөх

Хэрэв шаардлагатай бол хүйс, нас, яс үндэс, гэх мэт. нэмнэ үү:

100 small-scale farmers were trained in 2017, in Natural Assisted Regeneration techniques and 40 farmers were trained in forest and fodder seed collection and the production of seedlings in village nurseries and in the management of planted sites.

Сургалтын хэлбэр:

• курс дамжаа

Хамрагдсан сэвдүүд:

Technical training was provided to villages in formal modules on how to collect quality seeds in defined seed zones. The training was provided by the national forest seed centres . The trainings were on seedling production and participatory forest management . Other areas covered included; added-value and the development of plant products (non-timber forest products), marketing and local business management to support income generation.

Тайлбар:

Apart from the restoration technical areas covered above, additional areas of training included; improving adult literacy, family health and nutritional standards. This was done together with specialized rural sector developers.

4.2 Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ

Газар ашиглагчдад зөвлөх үйлчилгээ авах боломжтой байдаг уу?

Тийм

Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ үзүүлсэн эсэхийг тогтоо:

• Газар ашиглагчийн талбай дээр
• Тогтмол төвд

• workshops

Тодорхойлолт / тайлбар:

To re-introduce plant for large-scale restoration, effective use of seeds of wild species demands sufficient biological and technical knowledge on a big number of species to allow for collection, storage and germination of seeds and establishment of seedlings. In this approach therefore, the technical know-how of RBG Kew and related partnership with forest seed centres that allowed for collection of quality seeds.

4.3 Институцийг бэхжүүлэх (байгууллагын хөгжил)

Арга барилаар дамжуулан институц байгуулагдаж эсвэл бэхжсэн үү?

• Тийм, маш их

Байгууллагууд бэхжиж, үүсэн бий болсон түвшин(үүд)-г тодорхойлно уу:

• Орон нутгийн
• Бүс нутгийн
• Үндэсний

Байгууллага, үүрэг, хариуцлага, гишүүд гэх мэтийг тайлбарлах:

Institutions: National government; NGOs, CBOs,
Support to the national government who is the national agency for the GGW is the entry point. Through them ad based on national objectives, the project moves to a decentralized level. At the national level, capacities have been improved on monitoring and evaluation techniques; seed identification and selection and handling.
Local level: these are the implementing partners and do work on the ground. Their capacities have been improved on seed selection and restoration techniques and on data collection
Regional level: more collaboration, coordination and knowledge sharing on the GGW initiatives as well as peer to peer learning.

Дэмжлэгийн төрлийг ялга:

• Санхүүгийн
• чадавхи бэхжүүлэх / сургалт
• Тоног төхөөрөмж

Дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээллийг өгнө үү:

Equipment: mainly for land preparation for planting and non-timber forest processing.

4.4 Мониторинг ба үнэлгээ

Мониторинг болон үнэлгээ нь арга барилын хэсэг үү?

Тийм

Тайлбар:

Regular monitoring is carried out by village communities involved in the restoration exercise. The activities include assessing seedling survival and growth and planted surface areas.

Хэрэв тийм бол энэ баримт бичиг нь мониторинг, үнэлгээнд ашиглагдахаар зориулагдсан уу?

Үгүй

4.5 Судалгаа

Судалгаа арга барилын хэсэг нь байсан уу?

Тийм

Сэдвийг тодруулна уу:

• Социологи
• Эдийн засаг/ зах зээл
• Экологи

Дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээллийг өгч, хэн судалгаа явуулсныг бичнэ үү:

Through a questionnaire, communities define their needs and preferences of species, the objectives of land restoration in their available agro-sylvo-pastoral degraded lands. Results of this consultation are fed back to them after analyses by the project team (researchers, plant expertise, seed centres) for the feasibility, suitability and availability of the requested species. This allows commonly to agree on interventions, priorities and implementation plans with roles and responsibility from the communities as well as from the technical teams.
1. Sociology: prior research was done on social diversity of village communities on areas such as gender, age, profession among others to decide on village selections but also ensure required balance.
2. Economics/marketing: This was multi-faceted on one hand looking at community economic needs and priorities and also on how to value addition to non-timber forest products. The plant-use data received from respondents were classified according to the Economic Botany Data Collection.
These helped in deciding and prioritizing species according to community needs.
3. Ecology: GGW initiative is typically for drylands with challenges such as moisture retention. Thus the ecology of the place was studied to identify suitable plant species that would thrive under these conditions of course in combination with traditional technologies that have been developed to overcome the moisture deficits.
The botany of selected species was further examined in laboratories to first of all check their suitability to dryland environments and thereafter to ensure good quality seeds are used including ensuring genetic diversity

5.1 ГТМ-ийн Арга барилын бүрэлдэхүүн хэсгийн жилийн төсөв

Хэрэв жилийн төсөв тодорхойгүй бол хягаарыг тодруулна уу:

• 100,000-1,000,000

Тайлбар (жнь: санхүүжилтийн гол эх үүсвэр / гол хандивлагчид):

Action Against Desertification is implemented by FAO and partners with funding from the European Union in the framework of the 10th European Development Fund (EDF). The GGWI under AAD in Niger is funded up to around 1.5m USD for the four years of the project.

5.2 Газар ашиглагчдад санхүүгийн / материаллаг дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн

Технологи / технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд газар ашиглагчид санхүүгийн / материаллаг дэмжлэг авсан уу?

Тийм

Хэрэв тийм бол дэмжлэгийн төрөл(үүд), нөхцөл, болон нийлүүлэгч(чид) бичнэ үү:

Finances are needed for purchasing equipment, seeds were also provided, seed testing to establish the desired type/species.

5.3 Тодорхой зардлыг даахад чиглэсэн дэмжлэгт (хөдөлмөрийн хүчийг оролцуулаад)

• Ажил хөдөлмөр

• Тоног төхөөрөмж

• Хөдөө аж ахуй

• Барилга байгууламж

Хэрэв газар ашиглагчийн хөдөлмөрийн хүч чухал байсан бол энэ нь аль хэлбэр байсан:

• бусад материаллаг дэмжлэгээр шагнагдсан

Тайлбар:

In partnership with WFP there was collaboration on food for assets and incentives from the project such as trainings on preparation of vegetable gardens..

5.4 Кредит

Арга барилын хүрээнд ГТМ-ийн үйл ажиллагаанд зориулж зээлд хамрагдсан уу?

Үгүй

5.5 Бусад урамшуулал, хэрэгсэл

ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжилтийг дэмжихэд ашигласан бусад урамшуулал, хэрэгсэл байсан уу?

Тийм

Хэрэв тийм бол, тодруулна уу:

Functional capacity building village communities for example in management of restoration sites and development of community forest products

6.1 Арга барилын нөлөөллүүд

6.2 ГТМ-ийг хэрэгжүүлэх газар ашиглагчидын гол санаачилга

6.3 Арга барилын үйл ажиллагааны тогтвортой байдал

Газар ашиглагчид арга барилаар дамжуулан хэрэгжүүлсэн арга хэмжээг тогтвортой хадгалж чадах уу (гадны дэмжлэггүйгээр)?

• Тийм

Хэрэв тийм бол яаж гэдгийг тайлбарлана уу:

The capacity being developed should help farmers continue without external intervention e.g. training in collecting planting material, planting technique and in managing the plot enable continuity and the capacities developed stay within the community examples; the trained village technicians.

6.4 Арга барилын тогтвортой/давуу тал/боломжууд

Газар ашиглагчдын тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд
Builds on existing knowledge such as the use of zhai and pit planting.
Income generation e.g. from selling of seeds to governments and other land users.
Helping achieve communities specifics objectives such as increasing tree cover.

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд
The consultation process and the mutual trust built over time, which make people buy-in the programme and feel the ownership of the activities on the ground.
The technical and scientific feedback answers to priorities and preoccupation of land users in terms of restoration objectives.
The involvement of people in monitoring and management of their planted sites as they contribute their lands and labour.

6.5 Арга барилын дутагдалтай/сул тал/аюул болон тэдгээрийн хэрхэн даван туулах арга замууд

Газар ашиглагч нарын тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл	Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ?
Inability to adequately influence donor plans.	Frequent consultations.

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл	Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ?
Inability to address all the needs of the beneficiaries. Such as demand for water supply in dry seasons restoration while project focusses on rainfed restoration.	Increased dialogue on interventions across sectors such as with donors for more systematic and integrated approach.
Lack of flexibility in implementation to consider some of the upcoming demands of communities.

7.1 Мэдээллийн эх үүсвэр/аргууд

7.2 Холбогдох бүтээлийн ишлэл

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

FAO. 2015. Global guidelines for the restoration of degraded forests and landscapes in drylands: building resilience and benefitting livelihoods. Forestry Paper No. 175. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

UN-FAO

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Community participation at the heart of Africa’s Great Green Wall Restoration model. Authors: M. Sacande, N. Berahmouni and S. Hargreaves. In Unasylva. Volume 66 2015/3

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

UN-FAO

7.3 Холбогдох мэдээллийн интернет дэх нээлттэй холбоосууд

Гарчиг/ тодорхойлолт:

Action Against Desertification (FAO)

URL:

http://www.fao.org/in-action/action-against-desertification/en/

Гарчиг/ тодорхойлолт:

Building Africa’s Great Green Wall: Restoring degraded drylands for stronger and more resilient communities

URL:

http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6476e.pdf

Гарчиг/ тодорхойлолт:

Forest and Landscape Restoration Approach

URL:

http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5212e.pdf