Арга барилууд

Participatory Net Planning for Sustainable Watershed Management [Энэтхэг]

Шинийг нээх: 10/07/2025 10:31 a.m.
Шинэчлэх: 12/06/2025 4:33 p.m.
Эмхэтгэгч: Arun Bhagat
Хянан тохиолдуулагч: –
Хянагч: Udo Höggel

Participatory Net Planning – A tool that involves stakeholders in planning, developing, and managing their land and natural resources

approaches_7651 - Энэтхэг

Бүлгүүдийг үзэх

Бүгдийг дэлгэх

Бүрэн байдал: 94%

1. Ерөнхий мэдээлэл

1.2 Арга барилыг баримтжуулах болон үнэлгээ хийхэд оролцсон хүн эсвэл байгууллагын холбоо барих хаяг

Мэдээлэл өгсөн хүн(с)

ГТМ мэргэжилтэн:

Kalaskar Prashant

+91 9403961586

prashant.kalaskar@wotr.org.in

Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR), Pune

Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR), Gitai, 1st Floor, New Nagar Road, Sangamner – 422605, Dist. Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India

Энэтхэг

ГТМ мэргэжилтэн:

D’Souza Marcella

+91 9422226415

marcella.dsouza@gmail.com

W-CReS (the WOTR Centre for Resilience Studies), Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR), Pune

The Forum, 2nd Floor, Pune - Satara Rd, above Ranka Jewellers, Padmavati Nagar, Corner, Pune, Maharashtra 411009 (India)

Энэтхэг

ГТМ мэргэжилтэн:

Arun Bhagat

ГТМ мэргэжилтэн:

Solanky Vijay

+91 8824144388

vijay.solanky@wotr.org.in

W-CReS (the WOTR Centre for Resilience Studies), Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR), Pune

The Forum, 2nd Floor, Pune - Satara Rd, above Ranka Jewellers, Padmavati Nagar, Corner, Pune, Maharashtra 411009 (India)

Энэтхэг

Арга барилыг баримтжуулах/үнэлэх ажилд дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн төслийн нэр (шаардлагатай бол)

Applying Landscape and Sustainable Land Management (L-SLM) for mitigating land degradation and contributing to poverty reduction in rural area (L-SLM Project)

Арга барилыг баримтжуулах/үнэлэх ажилд дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн байгууллага(ууд)-ын нэр (шаардлагатай бол)

Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR) - Энэтхэг

1.3 WOCAT-аар баримтжуулсан өгөгдлийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцөл

Мэдээллийг хэзээ (газар дээр нь) цуглуулсан бэ?

18/09/2025

Эмхэтгэгч болон гол мэдээлэгч хүн(хүмүүс) WOCAT аргачлалаар баримтжуулсан мэдээллийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцлийг хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн:

Тийм

2. ГТМ Арга барилын тодорхойлолт

2.1 Арга барилын товч тодорхойлолт

Participatory Net Planning (PNP) is a practical methodology that actively engages landowners and local stakeholders in planning and implementing measures for land use, soil conservation, water harvesting, and biomass development. It aims to regenerate ecosystems and improve the sustainability of watersheds through site-specific resource management. PNP emphasizes the conservation, productivity enhancement, and sustainable use of natural and biological resources. It involves assessing the current condition and use of land, water, and vegetation, and preparing detailed plans—with estimated costs and timelines—to achieve the desired outcomes.
In Participatory Net Planning (PNP), the term “Net” represents a complete and interconnected planning framework where every land parcel within a watershed is individually assessed and linked to the larger watershed system. It highlights a network-based approach that integrates soil, water, vegetation, and community needs, ensuring that interventions on one farm support resource conservation and productivity across neighboring and downstream lands. Overall, it signifies a holistic and coordinated system where all stakeholders and resources are planned collectively for sustainable and long-term watershed management.

2.2 Арга барилын дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт

Арга барилын дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт:

By design, PNP functions as a tool for mobilization, training, monitoring, and evaluation in watershed programs.
Its key objectives are:

•Building ownership and commitment among landowners and stakeholders to ensure the long-term sustainability of watershed interventions.
•Planning site-specific measures that meet local needs, improve productivity, and address resource challenges.
•Developing realistic plans with clear activities, budgets, and timelines that can be implemented effectively, minimizing gaps between planned and actual outcomes.

The PNP approach places stakeholders at the center of the process. Landowners, farmers (both men and women), or users of Common Property Resources (CPRs) are directly involved in decision-making for their land or shared resources. During PNP exercises, the planning team visits each landholding or CPR along with the concerned stakeholders to jointly survey, assess, and plan interventions.
Stakeholders share their views on current and proposed land use and the necessary soil and water conservation treatments. The team discusses best practices and scientific options for land management, explaining their benefits and suitability. The final decision on interventions rests with the stakeholder—except when proposed actions could harm neighboring lands, CPRs, or the environment. In such cases, efforts are made to reach a consensus; if not possible, treatments on that land are withheld.
Once agreement is reached, the proposed measures are documented in writing and mapped on a diagram of the land or CPR.
PNP is gender-inclusive, ensuring both men and women participate in planning and decision-making. Ideally, the farming couple or land-owning couple is present during planning, even when land is officially registered in the man’s name. For CPRs, where stakeholders include landless people, marginal farmers, livestock owners, and shepherd communities, institutions like the Village Watershed Committee (VWC), Village Development Committee (VDC), and Gram Panchayat (GP) are involved. Their role is to ensure equitable access to ressources, manage conflicts, and establish transparent and representative local institutions for sustainable management of CPRs and create assets.
The Participatory Net Plan is more than just a planning document—it serves as a blueprint for implementation. Written in the local language, it remains accessible to stakeholders for regular reference. The plan is flexible and adaptive, evolving as new information emerges or stakeholders revise their preferences. Thus, it acts as a “living document” that supports transparency, continuous monitoring, and accountability.

2.3 Арга барилын зурагууд

Медиа галерей

Гэрэл зурагтай холбоотой ерөнхий тэмдэглэл:

The photos capture active community participation, field discussions, and collaborative decision-making between farmers and experts during the PNP process, reflecting practical learning and collective planning for sustainable land management.

2.5 Арга барил нэвтрүүлсэн улс орон / бүс нутаг / байршил

Улс:

Энэтхэг

Улс/аймаг/сум:

Maharashtra

Байршлын дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт:

Darewadi,Post. Kauthe Malkapur, Taluka Sangamner, Dist. Ahilyanagar,

Тайлбар:

The Participatory Net Planning (PNP) approach was first implemented in Darewadi village, located in Kauthe Malkapur post, Sangamner taluka, Ahilyanagar district, Maharashtra, India.

2.6 Арга барилыг эхлэх, дуусах огноо

Эхлэх жилийг тэмдэглэ:

1995

2.7 Арга барилын төрөл

төсөл / хөтөлбөр дээр үндэслэсэн

2.8 Арга барилын үндсэн зорилго, зорилтууд

The main objectives of Participatory Net Planning (PNP) are:
•To build a sense of ownership and commitment among landowners and other stakeholders within a watershed, ensuring long-term sustainability of the implemented measures.
•To plan site-specific interventions, meet stakeholder needs, and enhance land and water productivity.
•To develop practical proposals with clear activities, budgets, and timelines that ensure planned measures are effectively implemented and easily scaled up.

2.9 Арга барилын хүрээнд хэрэгжсэн Технологи/Технологиудад дэмжсэн эсвэл саад учруулсан нөхцлүүд

нийгэм / соёл / шашны хэм хэмжээ, үнэт зүйлс

Идэвхижүүлэх

Strong local bonding, traditional mutual-help systems (e.g., shramdaan), and trust in community leadership support smooth mobilization, joint action, and quick adoption of land and water measures.

Хазаарлалт

Social hierarchies, reluctance to change established practices, or participation limited to men may exclude key decision-makers, reducing inclusiveness and impact.

санхүүгийн нөөц, үйлчилгээний хүртээмж / боломж

Идэвхижүүлэх

Availability of subsidies, project funds, bank credit, and SHG financing allows farmers to adopt technologies like bunding, trenching, or water harvesting without major financial stress.

Хазаарлалт

High upfront costs, inadequate financial literacy, and slow fund release discourage participation and may lead to incomplete works.

Бүтэц зохион байгуулалт

Идэвхижүүлэх

Strong and well-functioning institutions (VDC, GP, watershed committees) ensure better planning, dispute resolution, and accountability, increasing project success.

Хазаарлалт

Weak institutions and lack of leadership create delays, communication gaps, and poor transparency in decision-making.

талуудыг хамтын ажиллагаа/зохицуулалт

Идэвхижүүлэх

Active support from multiple actors — technical experts, government departments, and villagers — promotes effective knowledge exchange and faster implementation.

Хазаарлалт

Misalignment in roles, unclear responsibilities, or lack of coordination slows progress and reduces effectiveness of interventions.

Хууль, эрхзүйн хүрээ (газар эзэмшил, газар, ус ашиглах эрх)

Идэвхижүүлэх

Clear land ownership provides confidence for farmers to invest in long-term land improvement practices since they benefit directly from gains.

Хазаарлалт

Disputed titles, tenancy issues, or unclear CPR access rights delay planning and restrict work, especially on shared lands.

Бодлогууд

Идэвхижүүлэх

Supportive agricultural, watershed, and rural development policies provide strong institutional backing, technical support, and long-term vision.

Хазаарлалт

Frequent changes in guidelines, budget cuts, or administrative barriers disrupt continuity in planning and execution.

Газрын засаглал (шийдвэр гаргах, хэрэгжүүлэх, шаардлага)

Идэвхижүүлэх

Fair and transparent governance ensures equal benefits, compliance with planned measures, and responsible use of natural resources.

Хазаарлалт

Ineffective enforcement or favoritism creates distrust, conflicts, and irregular implementation outcomes.

ГТМ-ийн талаарх мэдлэг, техникийн дэмжлэг авах боломж

Идэвхижүүлэх

Farmer training, exposure visits, and expert guidance improve understanding of benefits, correct design, and maintenance of SWC structures.

Хазаарлалт

Limited technical support results in poor-quality structures and reduced confidence among farmers.

зах зээл (материал худалдан авах, бүтээгдэхүүн борлуулах), үнэ

Идэвхижүүлэх

Ready access to markets motivates farmers to adopt improved land use and productivity-enhancing measures since profits increase.

Хазаарлалт

Price volatility and distant markets reduce economic incentives for adopting new technologies or crop diversification.

ажлын багтаамж, хүн хүчний нөөц бололцоо

Идэвхижүүлэх

Local labor availability and farmer involvement ensure timely execution, especially before monsoon when structures are most effective.

Хазаарлалт

Rural migration and labor shortages lead to delays, rushed construction, or higher labor costs.

Бусад

Идэвхижүүлэх

Climate and weather conditions:
Normal rainfall ensures proper functioning of trenches, bunds, and vegetation growth, validating the benefits of interventions.

Хазаарлалт

Climate and weather conditions:
Droughts, heavy storms, or irregular monsoons cause structure damage or reduced productivity, lowering adoption enthusiasm.

Бусад

Идэвхижүүлэх

Accessibility & terrain:
Good road connectivity ensures smooth movement of tools, equipment, and produce; reduces cost and effort.

Хазаарлалт

Accessibility & terrain:
Difficult terrain and remote locations increase logistics challenges, delaying technology application and maintenance.

3. Оролцогч талуудын оролцоо ба үүргүүд

3.1 Арга барилд оролцогч талууд болон тэдгээрийн үүргүүд

Орон нутгийн газар ашиглагч / орон нутгийн иргэд

Farmers, landowners, women's (Self-help Group (SHG)), members, livestock owners

Main decision-makers: provide land-related information; participate in planning, implementation, maintenance, and long-term management.

олон нийтэд түшиглэсэн байгууллагууд

Village Development Committee (VDC), Village Watershed Committee (VWC), Gram Sabha, SHGs

Mobilize participation, ensure equity and conflict resolution, coordinate between community and experts, support monitoring and governance.

ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтэн/ хөдөө аж ахуйн зөвлөх

Agricultural engineers, watershed technicians, extension workers, soil experts

Provide technical guidance for soil and water conservation measures, land classification, crop planning, and best practices during planning and execution.

Судлаачид

Agricultural Universities, Central Agriculture Institutes, Watershed Research Organizations

Support scientific assessment, innovations, and evaluation of interventions; document learnings for improvement and scaling up.

Багш/ сурагч/ оюутан

Local schools, eco-clubs

Raise awareness on conservation practices; promote environmental stewardship and behavioral change.

ТББ

e.g., WOTR (Watershed Organisation Trust) or similar implementing agencies

Lead mobilization, capacity building, technical support, process facilitation, documentation, and convergence with schemes.

Хувийн хэвшил

Input suppliers, equipment providers, contractors, Farmers Producer Organisations (FPOs)

Provide materials, machinery, and technical services; help improve market linkages for agricultural produce.

Орон нутгийн захиргаа

Gram Panchayat, Block Agriculture Office, Rural Development staff

Administrative approvals, fund management, land governance, support convergence of government programs.

Засгийн газар (шийдвэр гаргагч, төлөвлөгч)

Ministry of Rural Development, Department of Agriculture & Land Resources

Policy framework, program funding, national guidelines, evaluation, scaling successful models.

Олон улсын байгууллага

Funding and technical partners (e.g., UNCCD initiatives)

Provide funding, advanced training, exposure to global best practices, and knowledge sharing.

Хэрэв хэд хэдэн оролцогч талууд оролцсон бол голлох төлөөлөгчийг зааж өгнө үү:

The main implementation agency (e.g., NGO like WOTR or a government watershed department) acts as the lead stakeholder, coordinating planning, execution, and monitoring across all actors.

3.2 Арга барилын янз бүрийн үе шатанд орон нутгийн газар ашиглагчид / бүлэглэлүүдийг татан оролцуулах

	Орон нутгийн газар ашиглагч / орон нутгийн иргэдийн оролцоо	Хэн оролцсоныг тодорхойлж, үйл ажиллагааг тайлбарлана уу
санаачлага/идэвхжүүлэлт	интерактив	Local people are involved in awareness sessions, discussions, and joint problem analysis. Villagers, farmer groups, and watershed committees participate in identifying issues, priorities, and resources.
Төлөвлөгөө	интерактив	Local communities participate in mapping land, resources, and existing interventions. They jointly develop action plans, decide on resource allocation, and may plan their own initiatives (self-mobilization).
Хэрэгжилт	интерактив	Communities implement activities like soil and water conservation structures, plantations, or crop management. Some activities may be supported by food/cash/material incentives, but local ownership is emphasized.
Мониторинг/ үнэлгээ	интерактив	Local groups participate in tracking progress, maintaining records, and providing feedback. Village committees and farmer groups jointly evaluate the success of interventions and suggest corrective measures.
Farmers and local knowledge	интерактив	Farmers provide local knowledge, observations, and data for research purposes. They interact with external teams for documentation, experimentation, and knowledge sharing.

3.3 Диаграм (хэрэв боломжтой бол)

Тодорхойлолт:

Flow chart:
The visual summary illustrates the key steps of the PNP approach
Community Mobilization:
Awareness meetings are organized to inform villagers about the purpose of Participatory Net Planning. Local institutions such as the Village Development Committee (VDC), Gram Panchayat (GP), and watershed committees motivate farmers and landowners to participate actively in the process.

Field Assessment:
The planning team, along with landowners and local experts, visits each plot or common property area to study land use, soil condition, slope, and water flow. Existing problems like erosion, poor drainage, or low productivity are identified and discussed on-site.

Participatory Planning:
Stakeholders, including both men and women farmers, jointly decide on the best soil and water conservation measures. Technical experts suggest suitable scientific options, and a consensus is built on feasible and sustainable interventions tailored to each landholding.

Documentation & Implementation:
The agreed plan is documented in simple local language and mapped clearly for each farm or area. Resources such as labor, machinery, and materials are mobilized, and the works are executed under close supervision of technical experts and local committees.

Monitoring & Evaluation:
The progress and quality of work are jointly monitored by the technical team, village committees, and farmers. Periodic evaluations ensure the plan stays relevant, effective, and sustainable, encouraging learning, accountability, and continuous improvement.

Зохиогч:

Dr. Arun Bhagat

3.4 ГТМ-ийн технологи/технологиуд сонгох шийдвэр

Хэрэгжүүлэх Технологи/Технологиудын сонголтыг хийж шийдвэр гаргасан хүнийг тодорхойлно уу:

оролцооны зарчмын хэсэг болох бүх холбогдох талууд

Тайлбар:

The PNP approach helps identify the current land use and understand the socio-economic conditions linked to it. It aims to improve farmers’ income by suggesting better land use patterns. Technical and agricultural experts play a key role in preparing the proposed land use plan, which is then replicated with other farmers in the village. The village committee is essential for mobilizing and encouraging community participation in this process.

Шийдвэрийг юунд үндэслэн гаргасан:

ГТМ-ийн мэдлэгийг баримтжуулалтын үнэлгээ (нотолгоонд суурилсан шийдвэр гаргах)
Хувь хүний туршлага ба санал бодол (баримтжуулаагүй)

4. Техникийн дэмжлэг, чадавхи бүрдүүлэх, мэдлэгийн менежмент

4.1 Чадавхи бэхжүүлэх/сургалт

Газар эзэмшигчид / бусад оролцогч талуудад сургалт явуулсан уу?

Тийм

Хэн сургалтанд хамрагдсан бэ:

Газар ашиглагчид
хээрийн ажилтан / зөвлөх

Сургалтын хэлбэр:

фермерээс -фермер
үзүүлэнгийн талбай
Олон нийтийн уулзалт

Хамрагдсан сэвдүүд:

Assessment of current land use, classification of land types, and implementation of on-site soil conservation measures.

Тайлбар:

A joint meeting of multiple landowners is organized to share basic information, followed by a field demonstration in one of the plots to explain the planning tool. Photos and videos of various in-situ soil conservation measures, aligned with the land use and land cover, are also presented.

4.2 Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ

Газар ашиглагчдад зөвлөх үйлчилгээ авах боломжтой байдаг уу?

Тийм

Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ үзүүлсэн эсэхийг тогтоо:

Газар ашиглагчийн талбай дээр
Тогтмол төвд

Тодорхойлолт / тайлбар:

The service is provided under the project by the implementing agency. The landowner can develop the land according to requirements with the assistance of a land developer or consultant.

4.3 Институцийг бэхжүүлэх (байгууллагын хөгжил)

Арга барилаар дамжуулан институц байгуулагдаж эсвэл бэхжсэн үү?

Тийм, маш их

Байгууллагууд бэхжиж, үүсэн бий болсон түвшин(үүд)-г тодорхойлно уу:

Орон нутгийн
Бүс нутгийн

Байгууллага, үүрэг, хариуцлага, гишүүд гэх мэтийг тайлбарлах:

The planning tool is a socio-technical approach used for sustainable land development. Agricultural engineers, social engineers, and environmental experts from institutions can participate, along with officers from the Forest and Agricultural departments.

Дэмжлэгийн төрлийг ялга:

Санхүүгийн
чадавхи бэхжүүлэх / сургалт

4.4 Мониторинг ба үнэлгээ

Мониторинг болон үнэлгээ нь арга барилын хэсэг үү?

Тийм

Тайлбар:

The overall plan is verified on a sample basis to ensure quality and alignment with ground reality.

Хэрэв тийм бол энэ баримт бичиг нь мониторинг, үнэлгээнд ашиглагдахаар зориулагдсан уу?

Тийм

Тайлбар:

Field verification shall be conducted based on the prepared planning documents.

4.5 Судалгаа

Судалгаа арга барилын хэсэг нь байсан уу?

Тийм

Сэдвийг тодруулна уу:

Социологи
Эдийн засаг/ зах зээл
Экологи
Технологи

Дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээллийг өгч, хэн судалгаа явуулсныг бичнэ үү:

Experts involved in the planning and implementation of the PNP contribute their experience. While research was not the primary focus, insights gained during community mobilization and watershed plan execution help improve the approach for smoother implementation.

5. Санхүүгийн болон гадаад материаллаг дэмжлэг

5.1 ГТМ-ийн Арга барилын бүрэлдэхүүн хэсгийн жилийн төсөв

Хэрэв жилийн төсөв тодорхойгүй бол хягаарыг тодруулна уу:

< 2,000

Тайлбар (жнь: санхүүжилтийн гол эх үүсвэр / гол хандивлагчид):

The total cost from planning to implementation is measured per hectare and ranges from ₹20,000 to ₹50,000 per hectare, depending on the proposed land use.

5.2 Газар ашиглагчдад санхүүгийн / материаллаг дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн

Технологи / технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд газар ашиглагчид санхүүгийн / материаллаг дэмжлэг авсан уу?

Тийм

5.3 Тодорхой зардлыг даахад чиглэсэн дэмжлэгт (хөдөлмөрийн хүчийг оролцуулаад)

үгүй

Хэрэв газар ашиглагчийн хөдөлмөрийн хүч чухал байсан бол энэ нь аль хэлбэр байсан:

сайн дурын

5.4 Кредит

Арга барилын хүрээнд ГТМ-ийн үйл ажиллагаанд зориулж зээлд хамрагдсан уу?

Үгүй

5.5 Бусад урамшуулал, хэрэгсэл

ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжилтийг дэмжихэд ашигласан бусад урамшуулал, хэрэгсэл байсан уу?

Үгүй

6. Нөлөөллийн дүн шинжилгээ ба дүгнэлт

6.1 Арга барилын нөлөөллүүд

Арга барил нь орон нутгийн газар ашиглагчдыг чадваржуулах, оролцогч талуудын оролцоог сайжруулсан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

PNP actively involves local land users in decision-making, joint planning, and management, increasing their sense of ownership and participation in SLM.

Арга барил нь нотолгоонд суурилсан шийдвэр гаргах боломж олгосон уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Mapping of resources, data collection, and participatory analysis enable communities to plan interventions based on evidence.

Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжүүлж, хадгалахад газар ашиглагчдад тусласан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

By linking planning with resource availability and community initiatives, PNP ensures successful implementation and sustainability of SLM practices.

Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн зардал хэмнэсэн хэрэгжилт, зохицуулалтыг сайжруулсан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Joint planning and shared responsibilities reduce duplication and optimize resource use.

Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн хэрэгжилтийн санхүүгийн эх үүсвэрийн хүртээмжийг сайжруулах / эргэлтэнд оруулахад чиглэсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Communities sometimes access government schemes, subsidies, or microfinance, but PNP primarily facilitates planning rather than direct funding.

Арга барил нь ГТМ хэрэгжүүлэхэд газар ашиглагчдын мэдлэг, чадварыг сайжруулахад хүргэсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Training, workshops, and on-field demonstration under PNP enhance skills and technical knowledge for SLM.

Энэ арга барил бусад сонирхогч талуудын мэдлэг, чадавхийг сайжруулсан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

External agencies, NGOs, and local government staff gain insights into community priorities and resource status through PNP processes.

Арга барил нь оролцогч талуудын хооронд институци, хамтын ажиллагааг бий болгож, бэхжүүлсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Formation of watershed committees and joint planning platforms strengthens institutional capacity and collaboration.

Энэ арга барил зөрчилдөөнийг багасгасан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Participatory discussions and joint decision-making reduce disputes over land, water, and resource use.

Арга барил нь эмзэг бүлгийнхнийг нийгэм, эдийн засгийн хувьд чадавхижуулсан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Women, landless laborers, and marginalized groups are included in planning and implementation discussions.

Арга барил нь жендэрийн тэгш байдлыг сайжруулж, эмэгтэйчүүд, охидыг чадавхжуулсан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Women’s participation in committees and field activities increases their voice in SLM decisions.

Арга барил нь газар ашиглагч залуучууд / дараагийн үеийн хүмүүсийг ГТМ-д оролцохыг хөхүүлэн дэмжсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Young people are involved in field activities and awareness campaigns, though engagement varies by context.

Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд саад учруулсан газрын эзэмшил / ашиглах эрхийг сайжруулахад чиглэсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Some improvements occur through awareness and participatory planning, but structural tenure issues may persist.

Арга барил нь чанаржуулсан шим тэжээл/ хүнсний аюулгүй байдалд хүргэсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Soil and water conservation, improved cropping systems, and better land management contribute to higher productivity and food security.

Арга барил нь зах зээлийн хүртээмжийг сайжруулсан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Some linkages are developed for crops or produce through collective action, though not a primary focus of PNP.

Арга барил нь ус, ариун цэврийн байгууламжийн хүртээмжийг сайжруулахад хүргэсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Watershed interventions and resource management improve local water availability; sanitation benefits are indirect.

Арга барил нь эрчим хүчний эх үүсвэр/ илүү тогтвортой ашиглалтад хүргэх үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Limited impact through promotion of fuelwood plantations or energy-efficient practices.

Арга барил нь газар ашиглагчид уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлтөд дасан зохицох чадварыг дээшлүүлж, уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлттэй холбоотой гамшгийг бууруулах чадавхийг сайжруулсан уу?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Improved soil and water management, vegetation cover, and participatory planning increase resilience to droughts and floods.

Арга барил нь хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт, орлогын боломжид хүргэсэн үү?

Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их

Implementation of SLM activities creates temporary work and improves productivity, indirectly supporting income generation.

6.2 ГТМ-ийг хэрэгжүүлэх газар ашиглагчидын гол санаачилга

үйлдвэрлэл нэмэгдсэн

Quality and appropriate interventions enhance soil fertility and increase productivity.

Газрын доройтол буурсан

Proper land management and increased tree cover help reduce surface runoff.

Гамшигийн эрсдэл буурсан

Proper land management helps reduce the risks of drought and flooding.

ГТМ-ийн мэдлэг, туршлага дээшилсэн

PNP is a participatory planning process that facilitates the exchange of ideas.

6.3 Арга барилын үйл ажиллагааны тогтвортой байдал

Газар ашиглагчид арга барилаар дамжуулан хэрэгжүүлсэн арга хэмжээг тогтвортой хадгалж чадах уу (гадны дэмжлэггүйгээр)?

Тийм

Хэрэв тийм бол яаж гэдгийг тайлбарлана уу:

Land users can sustain the interventions implemented through the PNP approach without external support, provided they have gained adequate knowledge, skills, and ownership during the participatory planning process. The focus on locally appropriate techniques, use of available resources, and community involvement ensures long-term sustainability.

6.4 Арга барилын тогтвортой/давуу тал/боломжууд

Газар ашиглагчдын тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд
Participatory Decision-Making: Land users actively contribute ideas and decisions, ensuring the plan reflects their needs and priorities.
Improved Knowledge: Farmers gain practical knowledge about soil, land use, and conservation techniques.
Sustainable Land Management: Encourages adoption of site-specific, in-situ conservation measures that improve soil fertility and productivity.
Livelihood Opportunities: Identifies farm-based income options, such as dairy, fodder production, and agroforestry.
Resource Optimization: Promotes efficient use of local resources like stones, bushes, and organic matter.
Conflict Reduction: Helps mitigate disputes over land boundaries and reduces encroachments.
Empowerment: Strengthens community organization and gives women and marginalized groups more decision-making opportunities.
Long-Term Benefits: Supports soil moisture retention, biomass production, and water conservation, leading to resilient agriculture.

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд
Effective Planning Tool: Provides a structured framework for assessing land, soil, and resources scientifically.
Community Engagement: Facilitates active participation of landowners, enhancing acceptance and ownership of interventions.
Integrated Approach: Combines technical, social, and environmental considerations for sustainable land management.
Field-Oriented Learning: Allows experts to demonstrate techniques and observe practical challenges.
Sustainability Focus: Encourages adoption of low-cost, locally suitable interventions that are maintainable without continuous external support.
Conflict Mitigation: Helps in discussing land disputes and clarifying boundaries.
Scalable & Replicable: Can be applied across multiple fields or villages for wider impact.

6.5 Арга барилын дутагдалтай/сул тал/аюул болон тэдгээрийн хэрхэн даван туулах арга замууд

Газар ашиглагч нарын тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл	Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ?
Time-Consuming: Participatory meetings and field exercises require considerable time.	Time Management: Schedule meetings and demonstrations at convenient times for farmers.
Resource Dependence: Initial implementation may need materials or guidance not readily available to all farmers.	Local Resource Use: Emphasize low-cost, locally available materials for interventions.
Knowledge Gap: Some farmers may initially struggle to understand technical aspects.	Capacity Building: Provide training and simple demonstration tools to bridge technical knowledge gaps.
Group Dynamics: Conflicts or dominant voices within the group may affect decision-making.	Facilitation: Use neutral facilitators to manage group discussions and ensure all voices are heard.
Maintenance Challenges: Sustaining interventions over time without support can be difficult for some households.	Follow-Up Support: Provide periodic guidance and monitoring to help farmers maintain interventions.

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл	Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ?
Time-Intensive: Participatory planning and field exercises require significant time and effort.	Efficient Scheduling: Plan activities to minimize disruption to farmers’ regular work.
Dependence on Community Cooperation: Effectiveness relies on active participation and willingness of land users.	Capacity Building: Train community members to enhance understanding and technical competence.
Limited Technical Precision: Field-level decisions may sometimes compromise scientific accuracy due to local constraints.	Facilitation & Guidance: Experts guide discussions to balance local preferences with technical requirements.
Resource Limitations: Availability of tools, inputs, or skilled manpower may restrict implementation.	Resource Planning: Ensure access to necessary inputs and tools before implementation.
Monitoring Challenges: Ensuring long-term adherence to recommended interventions can be difficult.	Follow-Up Mechanisms: Establish monitoring and support systems for sustained adoption.

7. Суурь мэдээлэл болон холбоосууд

7.1 Мэдээллийн эх үүсвэр/аргууд

Хээрийн уулзалт, судалгаа

Visited the field twice and gathered information from a community group of 7–8 people.

Газар ашиглагчтай хийсэн ярилцлага

Interviews were conducted with six land users.

ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтэн/шинжээчтэй хийсэн ярилцлага

Interviews were conducted with 4 SLM specialist/experts.

тайлан болон бусад эх сурвалжийн бүрдэл

Information was obtained from the Participatory Net Planning (PNP) book authored by Crispino Lobo (WOTR) and from Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR) reports and publications (https://wotr.org/publications).

7.2 Холбогдох бүтээлийн ишлэл

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Participatory Net Planning: A Practitioner's Handbook, authored by Crispino Lobo. 2010. ISBN: 978-81-86748-23-7 [Supported by: German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ)]

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

https://wotr.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/WOTR-PNP-Practitioners-Handbook.pdf

7.3 Холбогдох мэдээллийн интернет дэх нээлттэй холбоосууд

Гарчиг/ тодорхойлолт:

Participatory Net Planning (PNP)

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dU9dSJUgIQM

Гарчиг/ тодорхойлолт:

How to do Participatory Net planning

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGom-qA_be4

Гарчиг/ тодорхойлолт:

How to do Micro planning in Watershed Project

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDOKQBfcg-0

Гарчиг/ тодорхойлолт:

Rising Together: Building Resilient Communities for a Sustainable Tomorrow

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gCFkwkfwdg&t=2s

Гарчиг/ тодорхойлолт:

How to do Wealth Ranking in Watershed Project

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygiAy7f7Gpc

Гарчиг/ тодорхойлолт:

Integrated Watershed Management in Sinnar cluster, Nashik district, Maharashtra, India