1.3 ВОКАТ-аар баримтжуулсан өгөгдлийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцөл

Мэдээллийг хэзээ (газар дээр нь) цуглуулсан бэ?

27/02/2003

Эмхэтгэгч болон гол мэдээлэгч хүн(хүмүүс) WOCAT аргачлалаар баримтжуулсан мэдээллийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцлийг хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн:

Тийм

2.1 Технологийн товч тодорхойлолт

Технологийн тодорхойлолт:

Development of degraded lands through plantation of productive tree species for long term benefit (conservation and economic) and cultivation of intercrop for short term benefit.

2.2 Технологийн дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт

Тодорхойлолт:

The technology can be described as a combination of tree cultivation ( mainly horticulture species) along with intercrop of pulse crops on degraded private lands, supported by in-situ measures for soil and water conservation. The supportive technology required is provision of water for protective irrigation during establishment phase.

Purpose of the Technology: the technology serves the folowing purposes 1. Short and long term economic benefits to land owners 2. Employment generation leading to reduced migration 3. Conservation of soil and water through vegetative and mechanical measures.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: 1. Community organisation, formation of Village Development Association, Identification and training of beneficiaries 2. Delineation of micro-watersheds and plantation blocks. 3. Establishment of farmers's nurseries 4. Land preparation, sinking bore-well, plantation and inter-cropping 5. Watch and ward.

Natural / human environment: The environment is semi-arid, drought prone and subject to wind erosion. Soil depth is good.

2.3 Технологийн гэрэл зураг

2.5 Энэ үнэлгээнд хамрагдсан технологийг хэрэгжүүлсэн улс орон/ бүс нутаг/ байршил

2.6 Хэрэгжсэн хугацаа

Байгуулсан тодорхой оныг мэдэхгүй бол баримжаа хугацааг тодорхойл:

• >50 жилийн өмнө (уламжлалт)

2.7 Технологийн танилцуулга

Технологийг хэрхэн нэвтрүүлснийг тодорхойл:

• Гадны төсөл/хөтөлбөрийн дэмжлэгтэйгээр

Тайлбар (төслийн төрөл г.м.):

The technology evolved out farmers suggestions and project experiences while implementing the shelter programme to combat wind erosion.

3.1 Технологийн үндсэн зорилго (ууд)

• үйлдвэрлэлийг сайжруулах
• газрын доройтлыг бууруулах, сэргийлэх, нөхөн сэргээх

3.2 Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газрын одоогийн газар ашиглалтын хэлбэр(үүд)

Тайлбар:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Uncontrolled grazing on un-cultivated lands, abandonment of fields by poor farmers due to recurrent crop failure as a result of drought.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Crop lands are not economocal to cultivate due to recurrent crop failure as a result of drought. This has lead to abandonment of fields and increase in numbers of small livestock which are left free to graze.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: The area is single cropped and hence only one food crop is taken per year.

3.3 Газар ашиглалтын тухай нэмэлт мэдээлэл

Технологи хэрэгжүүлсэн газрын усан хангамж:

• Байгалийн/усалгаатай арга хосолсон

Жилд ургамал ургах улирлын тоо:

• 1

Тодорхойлно уу:

Longest growing period in days: 100 Longest growing period from month to month: Oct - Jan

3.4 Технологи ГТМ-ийн аль бүлэгт хамаарах вэ

• ХАА-н ойжуулалт

3.5 Технологийн хамрах талбай

Тайлбар:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 3.83 km2.

The area is predominantly degraded land affected by wind erosion. The annual rainfall is <600 mm, however distribution is erratic resulting in drought conditions. People are mostly small farmers engaged in rainfed agriculture, however large areas have been abandoned due to frequent crop failure. The technology has been applied in a gross area of over 300 sq.km.

3.6 Технологийг бүрдүүлэх ГТМ арга хэмжээ

3.7 Технологид харгалзах газрын доройтлын төрөл

Тайлбар:

Main type of degradation addressed: Et: loss of topsoil

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wg: gully erosion / gullying

4.1 Технологийн техник зураг

4.2 Техникийн үзүүлэлт/ техникийн зургийн тайлбар

Technical Drawing Agro-forestry

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: improvement of ground cover

Secondary technical functions: control of raindrop splash, reduction in wind speed

Better crop cover
Material/ species: trees + legume crops
Quantity/ density: 125 trees/
Remarks: Block plantation/ intercorp

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: trees + legume crops
Quantity/ density: 125 trees/
Remarks: Block plantation/ intercorp

Mulching
Material/ species: soil mulch
Quantity/ density: 125 basins
Remarks: 1 m. diameter basin per tree

Agronomic measure: vegetative hedges
Material/ species: agace, euphorbia sp.
Quantity/ density: 15 cm. Spa
Remarks: Along field boundries

Pits
Remarks: 125 pits/ha., 9 m. spacing. 45*45*45 cm for local species & 60*60*60 cm for grafts.

Deep tillage / double digging
Remarks: disc ploughing before pitting in first year, tiller ploughing annually at sowing of intercorp..

Trees/ shrubs species: Azadirachta indica, Albizia lebeck

Fruit trees / shrubs species: Anacardium occidentale, Tamarandus indicus, Emblica officianalis, Mangifera incica

Other species: Phaseolus mungo, Arachis hypogea

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 3.00%

Change of land use type: open grazing, cropping to agro-forestry

Change of land use practices / intensity level: open access to protected

Layout change according to natural and human environment: borewell blocks formed as per human environment but within watershed boundary.

Control / change of species composition: scrub clearance followed by plantation of agro-horticulture species.

Other type of management: VDA established - to manage all activities at village level

4.3 Материал болон зардалд хамаарах ерөнхий мэдээлэл

бусад/үндэсний мөнгөн нэгж (тодорхойл):

Indian Rupee

Ам.доллар ба үндэсний мөнгөн нэгж хоорондын хөрвөх үнийг тодорхойл (шаардлагатай бол): 1 USD =:

48.85

4.4 Бий болгох үйл ажиллагаа

	Үйл ажиллагаа	Арга хэмжээний төрөл	Хугацаа
1.	Nursery raising	Ургамлын	May - Nov
2.	Planting in pits	Ургамлын	Oct -Dec, onset of monsoon
3.	Life watering	Ургамлын	immediately after plantation
4.	Planting of vegetative hedges	Ургамлын	Oct - Dec
5.	Sowing of intercrop (broadcasting, dibbling)	Ургамлын	Premonsoon-groundnut, monsoon-legumes
6.	Application of FYM to intercrop	Ургамлын	September during tiller ploughing
7.	Selection of village as per criteria	Менежментийн	Mar/Apr, dry season
8.	Rapport building, awareness generation	Менежментийн
9.	VDA formation	Менежментийн	April / May
10.	Development of watershed plan including agroforestry	Менежментийн	May / June
11.	Trainings for VDA, farmers, nursery etc.	Менежментийн	Jun - Aug

4.5 Бий болгоход шаардагдсан зардал, хөрөнгийн өртөг

Тайлбар:

Duration of establishment phase: 24 month(s)

4.6 Арчилгаа/ урсгал үйл ажиллагаа

	Үйл ажиллагаа	Арга хэмжээний төрөл	Хугацаа/ давтамж
1.	scrub clearance	Агрономийн	Sept/Oct,dry season / once before planting
2.	deep ploughing	Агрономийн	Oct/Nov,onset of monsoon / once before planting
3.	pitting	Агрономийн	Oct/Nov / once before planting
4.	manuring	Агрономийн	Oct/Nov / once before planting
5.	filling pits, planting, forming basins	Агрономийн	Nov / once before planting
6.	life watering	Агрономийн	Nov / after planting
7.	tiller ploughing & sowing	Агрономийн	Oct/Nov / annually after onset of monsoon
8.	maintenance of tree basins	Агрономийн	Oct / after annual tiller ploughing
9.	Periodical watering	Ургамлын	dry months 1st year /weekly
10.	Weed removal	Ургамлын	Nov / Dec /once during annual crop
11.	Application of pesticides	Ургамлын	Dec - Feb /as necessary
12.	Pruning	Ургамлын	Nov /annually
13.	Casualty replacement	Ургамлын	Nov /One year after plantation
14.	Monitoring by VDA	Менежментийн	- / monthly
15.	Hand pump maintenance	Менежментийн	/ as required
16.	Protection against animals	Менежментийн	Year one / full time

4.7 Арчилгаа/урсгал ажилд шаардагдсан зардал, хөрөнгийн өртөг (нэг жилд)

Тайлбар:

- The costs were calculated for establishment of one block (average area 12.5 ha.) of horticulture plantation with project support. The agriculture component was implemented by farmer with project support for seeds during first monsoon and tiller ploughing during second monsoon.

4.8 Зардалд нөлөөлж байгаа хамгийн чухал хүчин зүйл

Өртөг, зардалд нөлөөлөх гол хүчин зүйл:

- Establishment of the technology requires high labor input, specially for watering and watch & ward, which adds significantly to the cost. - Presence of hard pan necessiates deep ploughing with machinery. - Horticulture tree species were selected over forest species.

5.1 Уур амьсгал

5.2 Гадаргын хэлбэр

Гадаргын талаархи тодорхойлолт ба бусад тайлбар:

Landforms: Plateau/plains (level lands lying between hill slopes of Western mountain range & East coast of south India.)
Slopes on average: Flat (level land with some gullies passing through (originating in upper hilly area))

5.3 Хөрс

Боломжтой бол хөрсний бүрэн тодорхойлолт, боломжит мэдээллийг өгнө үү, жишээ нь хөрсний төрөл, хөрсний урвалын орчин/хүчиллэг байдал, катион солилцох чадавхи, азотын хэмжээ, давсжилт г.м.

Soil depth on average: Moderately deep (ranked 1) and deep (ranked 2, patches of deep soil)
Soil texture: Medium (sandy loam)
Soil fertility: Medium (loss of top soil due to erosion)
Topsoil organic matter: Medium (originally low before agro-forestry)
Soil drainage/infiltration level: Medium (presence of hardpan below six inch depth. However, no waterlogging is observed due to runoff.)
Soil water storage capacity: Medium (has improved due to deep ploughing post treatment)

5.6 Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газар ашиглагчдын тухай мэдээлэл

Газар ашиглагчдын бусад шинж чанарыг тодорхойл:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 1% - 2%
11% of the land users are rich and own 18% of the land (large holdings > 2 ha.).
50% of the land users are average wealthy and own 56% of the land (holdings of 1 to 2 ha.).
39% of the land users are poor and own 26% of the land (holdings < 1 ha.).
Off-farm income specification: Off farm sources are; poor - rolling beedis (locally made cigarettes), daily wage labor in fields and brick kilns. Average / rich; Business, livestock.
Level of mechanization: Manual labour (ranked 1, pitting, planting, watering, cultivating, watch and ward), mechanised (ranked 2, deep ploughing, tiller ploughing, drilling borewell) and animal traction (ranked 3, ploughing)

5.8 Газар эзэмшил, газар ашиглах эрх, ус ашиглах эрх

Газар өмчлөл:

• хувь хүн, өмчийн гэрчилгээтэй

Газар ашиглах эрх:

• хувь хүн

6.4 Өртөг ба ашгийн шинжилгээ

Бий болгох зардалтай харьцуулахад ямар ашиг өгсөн бэ (газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор)?

Арчилгаа/урсгал зардалтай харьцуулахад ямар ашиг өгсөн бэ (газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор)?

6.5 Технологи нэвтрүүлэлт

Тайлбар:

99% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

284 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

1% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

2 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Farmers are purchasing seedlings for plantation on their fields in small patches around existing water sources - Farmers who did not participate initially are now expressing a desire to treat their lands under the project.

7.2 Ном, хэвлэлийн ишлэл

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Review reports.

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

Chief Engineer, Agriculture Engineering Department, Anna Salai-439, Nandanam, Chennai-600035

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Project Implementation Plan. 2001.

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

Programme Coordinator, WDCU, 11/1 Sarvapriya Vihar, New Delhi-110016.

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Participatory Impact Evaluation. 2001.