1.3 ВОКАТ-аар баримтжуулсан өгөгдлийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцөл

Мэдээллийг хэзээ (газар дээр нь) цуглуулсан бэ?

03/09/1999

Эмхэтгэгч болон гол мэдээлэгч хүн(хүмүүс) WOCAT аргачлалаар баримтжуулсан мэдээллийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцлийг хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн:

Тийм

2.1 Технологийн товч тодорхойлолт

Технологийн тодорхойлолт:

Contour lines of vetiver grass planted within fields of sugar cane, on stream banks and roadsides, to act as ‘hedges against erosion’.

2.2 Технологийн дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт

Тодорхойлолт:

This example of vetiver grass barriers comes from a commercial farm in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa, where sugar cane is grown on a large scale under a rainfall regime of around 1,000 mm per year. Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides), which had been growing naturally on the farm for years in isolated clumps, began to be used in 1989 to form vegetative hedges along the contour.
The purpose of these hedges is to protect the land from surface erosion by creating semi-permeable barriers, allowing excess runoff to filter through but holding back sediment. Infiltration is thus increased and moisture conserved in-situ. Although sugar cane in itself protects the soil quite well when the canopy is closed, after harvest on the moderate to steep slopes (10% to >30%) and erodible soils of the north coast of Kwa-Zulu Natal, extra protection is required. The vetiver system is supplemented by other soil conservation measures such as strip cropping, terraces, mulching and minimum tillage – all of which are used to some extent on this farm. Vetiver also helps by permanently marking the contour line, which then guides land preparation. In common with other vegetative barriers, vetiver lines lead to the formation of terraces over time, through the effect of tillage and water erosion between the strips.
Vetiver clumps are dug up and separated into slips (tillers), cut to a length of 10 cm and then planted 10–15 cm apart along the contour, also by stream banks, and by roadsides, just before the rains. This ensures good establishment. Single lines are used in this farm, though double lines are more effective at creating a hedge, and are the normal recommendation. Work starts at the top of the slope, and continues downwards. The cross-slope grass hedges are sited at 5 m vertical intervals on slopes of more than 10%, in lines about 200 m long. The cost of vetiver grass planting depends very much on slope (and thus the number of lines to be planted), availability of materials and labour.
Maintenance is very important, as vetiver often requires ‘gapping-up’ to keep the barrier dense, and it needs also to be cut back before the dry season to prevent it burning. The cut material can be used for mulching. Vetiver is poorly palatable, and therefore not useful as fodder. The maximum height of a vetiver hedge is kept down to approximately 50 cm. This minimises shading and competition, keeps the fire risk low, increases tillering (for production of vegetative splits) and ensures adequate density.

2.3 Технологийн гэрэл зураг

2.5 Энэ үнэлгээнд хамрагдсан технологийг хэрэгжүүлсэн улс орон/ бүс нутаг/ байршил

2.6 Хэрэгжсэн хугацаа

Байгуулсан тодорхой оныг мэдэхгүй бол баримжаа хугацааг тодорхойл:

• <10 жилийн өмнө (саяхны)

2.7 Технологийн танилцуулга

Технологийг хэрхэн нэвтрүүлснийг тодорхойл:

• Туршилт/судалгааны үр дүн

Тайлбар (төслийн төрөл г.м.):

The grass originally came to this country from Mauritius.

3.2 Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газрын одоогийн газар ашиглалтын хэлбэр(үүд)

Тайлбар:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The steep topography and shallow soils limit the types of land use possible e.g.. perennial grass cover (sugarcane or grazing) or commercial timber production. Annual cropping is not possible without major alteration to the landscape e.g. terracing.

3.3 Газар ашиглалтын тухай нэмэлт мэдээлэл

Технологи хэрэгжүүлсэн газрын усан хангамж:

• Байгалийн усалгаатай

Жилд ургамал ургах улирлын тоо:

• 1

Тодорхойлно уу:

Longest growing period in days: 200

Longest growing period from month to month: Oct - April

3.5 Технологийн хамрах талбай

Технологи өргөн дэлгэрсэн эсхийг тодорхойл:

• газар дээр жигд тархсан

Технологи газар нутгийн хэмжээнд жигд тархсан бол түүний эзлэх талбайг дундажаар тооцож тэмдэглэ:

• 1-10 км2

Тайлбар:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 8 m2.

The vetiver system has been applied on my own properties. Neighbouring farms have adopted other methods of conserving the soil. i.e. vegetative, agronomic and structural in various combinations (= farm)

3.6 Технологийг бүрдүүлэх ГТМ арга хэмжээ

Тайлбар:

Main measures: vegetative measures

Secondary measures: agronomic measures, structural measures, management measures

Specification of other vegetative measures: grass strip as hedges

Type of agronomic measures: mulching, minimum tillage, contour ridging

3.7 Технологид харгалзах газрын доройтлын төрөл

Тайлбар:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Et: loss of topsoil, Hg: change in groundwater / aquifer level

3.8 Газрын доройтлоос урьдчилан сэргийлэх, сааруулах ба нөхөн сэргээх

Газрын доройтолтой холбоотойгоор Технологи ямар зорилго тавьсан болохыг тодорхойл:

• Газрын доройтлыг бууруулах
• Хүчтэй доройтсон газрыг нөхөн сэргээх/ сайжруулах

Тайлбар:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 Технологийн техник зураг

4.2 Техникийн үзүүлэлт/ техникийн зургийн тайлбар

Vetiver grass is planted as a vegetative barrier (hedge), on the contour at 5 metre vertical intervals within fields of sugarcane.

Location: Lower Tugela district. KwaZulu/Natal

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard

Secondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, increase / maintain water stored in soil

Mulching
Material/ species: Sugarcane
Remarks: Full ground cover

Minimum tillage
Material/ species: Chemical crop eradication

Contour ridging
Material/ species: Planting lines ridged on contour

Vegetative measure: contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 5
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Grass species: Vetiver grass

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 20.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 20.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

Other type of management: Cane is planted on suitability (slope, soil depth)

4.3 Материал болон зардалд хамаарах ерөнхий мэдээлэл

бусад/үндэсний мөнгөн нэгж (тодорхойл):

rand

Ам.доллар ба үндэсний мөнгөн нэгж хоорондын хөрвөх үнийг тодорхойл (шаардлагатай бол): 1 USD =:

6.00

4.4 Бий болгох үйл ажиллагаа

	Үйл ажиллагаа	Арга хэмжээний төрөл	Хугацаа
1.	Plant with fertilizer & water	Ургамлын	Rainy season (Sept - Mrch)
2.	Weed & gap plant	Ургамлын
3.	Cut back to promote tillering	Ургамлын
4.	Crop gradication	Менежментийн	Nov-Jan
5.	Ridging of planting furrows	Менежментийн	+- 1-2 months before
6.	Planting of sugarcane - fertiliser in furrow	Менежментийн
7.	Top dress fertiliser	Менежментийн	9 week after planting
8.	Herbicide application	Менежментийн	Anytime necessary after planting

4.5 Бий болгоход шаардагдсан зардал, хөрөнгийн өртөг

Тайлбар:

Duration of establishment phase: 24 month(s)

4.6 Арчилгаа/ урсгал үйл ажиллагаа

	Үйл ажиллагаа	Арга хэмжээний төрөл	Хугацаа/ давтамж
1.	minimum tillage	Агрономийн	mulching at harvest
2.	minimum tillage	Агрономийн
3.	mulching at harvest	Агрономийн	April-Dec / Every year
4.	Weed	Ургамлын	/3 times
5.	Gap plant	Ургамлын	/Once
6.	Weed	Ургамлын	/When required
7.	Spray for creeper grasses	Ургамлын	/When required
8.	Plaint unwanted trees etc.	Ургамлын	/When required
9.	Harvest sugarcane	Менежментийн	/ Annual
10.	Trash management (mulch spreading)	Менежментийн	After harvest completed / Annual
11.	Fertiliser application	Менежментийн	1-2 months after harvest / Annual
12.	Herbicide application	Менежментийн	Required / Annual
13.	Hand weeding	Менежментийн	/ Annual & when required

4.7 Арчилгаа/урсгал ажилд шаардагдсан зардал, хөрөнгийн өртөг (нэг жилд)

Тайлбар:

Machinery/ tools: 1 hoe

1) Labour,
2) Transport,
3) Price of grass,
4) Fertiliser,
5) Equipment

4.8 Зардалд нөлөөлж байгаа хамгийн чухал хүчин зүйл

Өртөг, зардалд нөлөөлөх гол хүчин зүйл:

1) Labour,
2) Transport from nursery to field,
3) The steeper the gradient the more contour lines of vetiver grass will be used,
4) Fertiliser

5.1 Уур амьсгал

5.2 Гадаргын хэлбэр

5.3 Хөрс

5.6 Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газар ашиглагчдын тухай мэдээлэл

5.7 Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газар ашиглагчийн өмчилж буй, эзэмшиж буй, түрээсэлж буй эсвэл ашиглаж буй (ашиглах эрх) газрын талбай

5.8 Газар эзэмшил, газар ашиглах эрх, ус ашиглах эрх

Газар өмчлөл:

• хувь хүн, өмчийн гэрчилгээгүй

Газар ашиглах эрх:

• хувь хүн

6.1 Технологийн талбайд үзүүлсэн нөлөө

Нийгэм-эдийн засгийн үр нөлөө

Үйлдвэрлэл

Орлого, зарлага

Нийгэм-соёлын үр нөлөө

Экологийн үр нөлөө

Усны эргэлт/ илүүдэл

Хөрс

Уур амьсгал болон гамшгийн эрсдлийг бууруулах

6.2 Технологийн талбайн гадна үзүүлсэн үр нөлөө

6.4 Өртөг ба ашгийн шинжилгээ

Бий болгох зардалтай харьцуулахад ямар ашиг өгсөн бэ (газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор)?

Арчилгаа/урсгал зардалтай харьцуулахад ямар ашиг өгсөн бэ (газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор)?

6.5 Технологи нэвтрүүлэлт

Тайлбар:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

3 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Some local growers are experimenting with the vetiver system or with vetiver grass used in other applications (gullies, road embankments, etc.)

6.7 Технологийн давуу тал/боломжууд

Газар ашиглагчдын тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд
The author is the land user

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд
When planted correctly, vetiver forms a dense, permanent hedge which retains soil and water so increases crop yield How can they be sustained / enhanced? Make sure there are no gaps between slips in order to maintain a dense vegetative barrier.
It has a strong fibrous root system that penetrates and binds the soil to a depth of up to 3 meters and can withstand the effects of tunnelling and cracking. Its many uses e.g.. Thatching, mulching etc.
Vetiver grass seed is sterile so it doesn’t spread.
Not very competitive to crops growing alongside.
The cut material can be used for mulching and has multiple secondary uses (thatching, basket making, etc). Once established it can withstand periods of drought and waterlogging. It is also resistant to grazing and to most pests and diseases. Adaptability: can be planted in various environments and grows well in most soil types. Depending on the availability of planting materials and the spacing adopted, can be relatively cheap and easy to establish and – once well established – vetiver requires minimal maintenance.

6.8 Технологийн дутагдалтай/сул тал/аюул болон тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах арга зам

Газар ашиглагч нарын тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл	Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ?
The author is the land user

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл	Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ?
Sugarcane residue is often blown against the hedges & this can form a thick blanket thus preventing ratooning of crop	Strategic/controlled burning at end of growing season or trimming back
The grass burns very easily when mature, due to its density	Keep chemicals off vetiver.
Susceptible to certain chemicals used in sugar cane	Establish own nursery.
Planting material expensive to buy: therefore costs increase considerably unless farmer has own nursery
Takes time to plant a large area (in this case 2.5 ha per year).