1.2 Технологийг үнэлэх, баримтжуулах ажилд хамаарах мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүс, байгууллагуудын холбоо барих мэдээлэл

Технологи баримтжуулах/үнэлэх ажилд дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн төслийн нэр (шаардлагатай бол)

Central Asian Countries Initiative for Land Management (CACILM I)

Технологи баримтжуулах/үнэлэх ажилд дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн байгууллага(ууд)-ын нэр (шаардлагатай бол)

1.3 ВОКАТ-аар баримтжуулсан өгөгдлийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцөл

Мэдээллийг хэзээ (газар дээр нь) цуглуулсан бэ?

14/01/2011

Эмхэтгэгч болон гол мэдээлэгч хүн(хүмүүс) WOCAT аргачлалаар баримтжуулсан мэдээллийг ашиглахтай холбоотой нөхцлийг хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн:

Тийм

2.1 Технологийн товч тодорхойлолт

Технологийн тодорхойлолт:

Conservation of soil fertility through the cultivation of sainfoin (perennial legume plants)

2.2 Технологийн дэлгэрэнгүй тодорхойлолт

Тодорхойлолт:

The Suusamyr Plain is located in the South-West of Chui Valley. Generally, this zone, located at 2000-3800 meters above sea level is used by farmers as summer pastures. Farmers are practicing agro-pastoralism by grazing animals and at the same time producing winter fodder for their livestock. They cultivate mainly barley and sometimes perennial grass.
The territory of the local administration of the Aiyl Okrug “Suusamyr” includes 6645 hectares of arable land. In 2009 about 2500 hectares were cultivated with cereals (including 1950 ha of barley) and 250 ha with sainfoin. As a result of the monoculture of cereals, weeds, pests, and insects accumulate on the fields and the soil fertility is declining. These are direct and indirect indicators of soil degradation.
The main cultivated perennial legume is sainfoin. However,farmers are short of sainfoin seeds. Most of them cultivate sainfoin for hay making and consider the seed production as non profitable.

Fallow is maintained free from weed during the vegetation season. As fallow is weed free and accumulates the soil moisture it has synergy effect to harvest high yield of barley grain. This fallow is kept during one vegetation season and applied by other farmers during next season. Crop rotation cycle is 5 years including 1 year-fallow period (1year-fallow period, 1year for barley planting and 3 years for sainfoin planting). Barley is planted into the fallow.
Sainfoin improves the soil structure as a result of high rizo-biomasses (237-333 kg/ha). Sainfoin is able to accumulate 194 -178 kg/ha of biological nitrogen providing sufficient nitrogen fertilization for two consecutive cropping seasons. Sainfoin can be cultivated at altitudes from 700 to 3400 m above sea level (G. Balian, 2004). Sainfoin is a high nectar producting crop, allowing farmers to produce 150 kg of honey from 1 hectare of sainfoin during a vegetation period. As the result of insect pollination, an increase in seed production of between 100 and 200 kg/ha has been observed.

Purpose of the Technology: Soil fertility conservation through crop rotation of barley with the perennial grass sainfoin (Onobrichis sativa).

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Farmer Ibraimov Azimjan has 25 hectares of private land and rents other land from neighboring farmers. UNDP’s project procured seeds of sainfoin and covered expenditures for tillage and planting. The farmer’s responsibility is to distribute produced seeds among other farmers which are able to expand their areas under sainfoin cultivation. The farmers maintains crop rotation.
Fields are located in the foothills at an elevation of 2038-2200 m above sea level. Plowing is conducted along the slope. But planting is done across to the tilling direction, horizontally along the field (contour planting drilling). This technology increases vegetation cover and after harvesting stubbles remain

Natural / human environment: Agriculture in Suusamyr Valley is based on animal husbandry which is kept on pastures during three seasons (spring, summer and autumn). But farmers practice agro-pastorals. They have private arable land and produce cereals and forage crops. The Local Government “Suusamyr” has 6645 hectares of arable land including 561 hectares from the Distribution Found (state regulated land). Farmers are not subsidized by the Government.
The farmer Ibraimov Azimjan has 25 hectares of private land and rents other land from the neighboring farmers. In 2009 UNDP’s project procured basic seeds of sainfoin and covered the expenditures for tillage and planting. UNDP’s project organized several workshops for farmers on technology of cereals and forage crops cultivation. Project manager also had finance support in field inspection of sainfoin seed and barley.
Farmer’s responsibility is to distribute seed among other farmers which able to expand their areas under sainfoin. Farmer has resources to guard the field from grazing of animals during the vegetation period, harvest and transportation of seed. Azimjan also organized the seed cleaning and storage. Project’s management developed the rules on seed distributions and sale.
The farmer should produce sainfoin and barley in order to get benefit. Farmer’s responsibility is to distribute seed to other farmers which able to expand the area under sainfoin and barley. Name of sainfoin variety is “Belek”, barley variety is “Kylym”, they are developed in research centers of Kyrgyz Republic.
The population of the Aiyl Okrug “Suusamyr” is 6400. The Local Government has no human resources for field activities. There are six villages at the territory of this Local Government. All fields and villages are connected by dirt roads. The electricity is supplied on regularly basis. People have drinking water supplies.
Farmer’s fields are located at foothills of 2038-2200 m above sea level. The type of land use is rainfed. Some irrigated channels which were developed in Soviet time are destroyed now. The fields are infested mainly with wild Oat, Couch-grass, spp. pigweed, wormwood and others.
The farmers cultivate cereals as monoculture. Some of them plant the sainfoin. Additionally, farmers cultivate potato on a total area of 180-200 hectares. The varieties are from local breeders (Nevsky, Cardinal) and introduced varieties from seed Firm “Agrico” and “NZPC” (Picasso, Sante and Mondial).
The main type of soil is chestnut (light chestnut soil and dark chestnut soil). The potential fertility of these soils is high but due to the lack of crop rotation, plant protection activities, fertilizer application, soil degradation is going on. There are no soil maps in the office of local administration except for those which were developed during the Soviet time.

2.3 Технологийн гэрэл зураг

2.5 Энэ үнэлгээнд хамрагдсан технологийг хэрэгжүүлсэн улс орон/ бүс нутаг/ байршил

2.6 Хэрэгжсэн хугацаа

Байгуулсан тодорхой оныг мэдэхгүй бол баримжаа хугацааг тодорхойл:

• <10 жилийн өмнө (саяхны)

2.7 Технологийн танилцуулга

Технологийг хэрхэн нэвтрүүлснийг тодорхойл:

• Гадны төсөл/хөтөлбөрийн дэмжлэгтэйгээр

Тайлбар (төслийн төрөл г.м.):

The Technology was developed by the Kyrgyz Livestock and Pasture Research Institute and applied by the UNDP Project "Demonstration Sustainable Mountain Pasture Management in Suusamyr Valley, Kyrgyzstan"

3.1 Технологийн үндсэн зорилго (ууд)

• үр ашигтай эдийн засгийн нөлөөг бий болгох

3.2 Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газрын одоогийн газар ашиглалтын хэлбэр(үүд)

Тайлбар:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Decline of soil fertility due to longstanding cultivation of barley on the field. Annual conventional plowing is affecting the mineralization of soil humus.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Decline of barley yield. The quality of barley grain also is declining.

Semi-nomadism / pastoralism: Yes

Ranching: Yes

Improved pasture: Yes

Mixed: (eg agro-pastoralism, silvo-pastoralism): Yes

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Cropland: Cp: Perennial (non-woody) cropping

Livestock is grazing on crop residues

Хэрэв технологи нэвтрүүлснээр газар ашиглалтад өөрчлөлт гарсан бол технологи нэвтрүүлэхээс өмнө байсан газар ашиглалтын хэлбэрийг тодорхойлно уу:

Cropland: Ca: Annual cropping

3.3 Газар ашиглалтын тухай нэмэлт мэдээлэл

Тайлбар:

Water supply: rainfed, mixed rainfed - irrigated, rainfed

Жилд ургамал ургах улирлын тоо:

• 1

Тодорхойлно уу:

Longest growing period in days: 120Longest growing period from month to month: April - August

Малын нягт (шаардлагатай бол):

25-50 LU /km2

3.5 Технологийн хамрах талбай

Технологи өргөн дэлгэрсэн эсхийг тодорхойл:

• газар дээр жигд тархсан

Технологи газар нутгийн хэмжээнд жигд тархсан бол түүний эзлэх талбайг дундажаар тооцож тэмдэглэ:

• 0.1-1 км2

Тайлбар:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0,24 m2.

3.6 Технологийг бүрдүүлэх ГТМ арга хэмжээ

Тайлбар:

Main measures: agronomic measures

Secondary measures: vegetative measures

3.7 Технологид харгалзах газрын доройтлын төрөл

Тайлбар:

Main type of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Bh: loss of habitats

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Bc: reduction of vegetation cover

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Lack of fertilizes), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts) (Usually in dry weather plants have a vertical appearance. After heavy gales they lose their vetical standing and they droop. This is lodging. During lodginh of plants the yield of seed is decreasing.), land tenure

Secondary causes of degradation: crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub) (As a result of the monoculture of cereals, weeds, pests, and insects accumulate on the fields and the soil fertility is declining.), other human induced causes (specify) (inappropriate soil management)

3.8 Газрын доройтлоос урьдчилан сэргийлэх, сааруулах ба нөхөн сэргээх

Газрын доройтолтой холбоотойгоор Технологи ямар зорилго тавьсан болохыг тодорхойл:

• газрын доройтлоос урьдчилан сэргийлэх
• Газрын доройтлыг бууруулах

Тайлбар:

mitigation land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 Технологийн техник зураг

4.2 Техникийн үзүүлэлт/ техникийн зургийн тайлбар

Fields are located on South exposition of the foothills of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too Mountains in the Northern part of the Suusamyr valley. The length of the sainfoin field is 687 meters, and its width is 350 meters. Slope steepness is 8-10 %.
Tilling is conducted along the slope by a tractor K-700, with harrowing being conducted at the same time. The depth of tilling is 20-22 cm. Planting is conducted across to plowing direction. The date for sainfoin sowing is the first ten days of May. The seeds required are 80 kg/ha. Depth of sowing is 4 cm. This field is situated 8 kilometers from central Suusamyr village, reachable on a bad dirt road.

Location: Suusamyr Valley. Jaiyl raion / Chui oblast / Kyrgyzstan

Date: 11.01.2011

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high (Special training is requested)

Technical knowledge required for land users: low (Field demonstration is needed)

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase in organic matter, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…)

Secondary technical functions: improvement of subsoil structure (hardpan)

Vegetative measure: field planted by perennual grass
Vegetative material: C : perennial crops
Number of plants per (ha): 3000000
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.15
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.15

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: C : perennial crops

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: C : perennial crops

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: C : perennial crops

Perennial crops species: Sainfoin os sowed with planting machine C3-3.6. The distance between colters is 15 cm.

4.3 Материал болон зардалд хамаарах ерөнхий мэдээлэл

бусад/үндэсний мөнгөн нэгж (тодорхойл):

KGS

Ам.доллар ба үндэсний мөнгөн нэгж хоорондын хөрвөх үнийг тодорхойл (шаардлагатай бол): 1 USD =:

45.0

4.4 Бий болгох үйл ажиллагаа

	Үйл ажиллагаа	Арга хэмжээний төрөл	Хугацаа
1.	Tilling	Ургамлын	End of April. Once in 3 years
2.	Planting	Ургамлын	End of April. Once in 3 years

4.5 Бий болгоход шаардагдсан зардал, хөрөнгийн өртөг

	Зардлын нэр, төрөл	Хэмжих нэгж	Тоо хэмжээ	Нэгжийн үнэ	Зардал бүрийн нийт өртөг	Нийт дүнгээс газар ашиглагчийн төлсөн %
Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт	establishment costs	hectare	1.0	187.0	187.0
Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт	labour	person/hour	0.8	128.0	102.4	100.0
таримал материал	seeds	hecatre	1.0	108.0	108.0
таримал материал	seeds	kg	75.0	2600.0	195000.0
Бусад	fuel	liter	58.0	321.0	18618.0
Технологи бий болгох нийт үнэ өртөг					214015.4

Тайлбар:

Duration of establishment phase: 1 month(s)

4.6 Арчилгаа/ урсгал үйл ажиллагаа

	Үйл ажиллагаа	Арга хэмжээний төрөл	Хугацаа/ давтамж
1.	Harvesting	Ургамлын	annually
2.	Cleaning of seed	Ургамлын	annually
3.	Cleaning of seed	Ургамлын

4.7 Арчилгаа/урсгал ажилд шаардагдсан зардал, хөрөнгийн өртөг (нэг жилд)

Тайлбар:

Machinery/ tools: Tractor MTZ-80, Self-Proppeled Combine Enisey-600, Seed Cleaning Machine SM-4

The above costs were affected by the length of the field and number of turn points during tilling and planting.

4.8 Зардалд нөлөөлж байгаа хамгийн чухал хүчин зүйл

Өртөг, зардалд нөлөөлөх гол хүчин зүйл:

The price of sainfoin seeds is very high. The slope is increasing the fuel consumption of the tractor, and prices for fuel are raising. Contour tilling (also planting) by big tractor (K-700) is further increasing fuel consumption, because the number of turning-points are increased. Soil depth is not increasing cost in a major way, because soil structure in the area is comparatively good and the tractor is powerful.
All costs are calculated for 1 hectare of sainfoin. National currency is KGS. Exchange rate was approximately 45 KGS for 1 US Dollar in 2009 and 2010.

5.1 Уур амьсгал

5.2 Гадаргын хэлбэр

5.3 Хөрс

Боломжтой бол хөрсний бүрэн тодорхойлолт, боломжит мэдээллийг өгнө үү, жишээ нь хөрсний төрөл, хөрсний урвалын орчин/хүчиллэг байдал, катион солилцох чадавхи, азотын хэмжээ, давсжилт г.м.

medium-high soil fertility, soil water storage = medium, soil drainage = good

5.4 Усны хүртээмж ба чанар

Усны давсжилтын асуудал бий юу?

Үгүй

Усны чанар, нөөцийн талаархи тайлбар ба бусад тодорхойлолт:

good drinking water,

5.5 Биологийн олон янз байдал

Биологийн олон янз байдлын талаархи тайлбар ба бусад тодорхойлолт:

Earthworms and gnawing animals inhabit on the field

5.6 Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газар ашиглагчдын тухай мэдээлэл

Газар ашиглагчдын бусад шинж чанарыг тодорхойл:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Difference in the involvement of women and men: This technology is very strongly supported by Pasture Users Association, who is interesting in improving forage quantity and quality. Sainfoin's hay has high protein content in comparison with natural hay. Therefore the association is interested in expansion of sainfoin fields.

Population density: < 10 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 1% - 2%

and own 4% of the land (10).
and own 85% of the land (70).
and own 10% of the land (19).
and own 1% of the land (1).

Off-farm income specification: Some farmers sell agricultural and processing products in the shops located along the highway Bishkek-Osh and in the villages. Some of the villagers provide taxi services from Suusamyr to Bishkek.

Market orientation of production system: subsistence (self-supply), subsistence (self-supply), mixed (subsistence/ commercial, commercial/ market, commercial/ market

5.7 Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газар ашиглагчийн өмчилж буй, эзэмшиж буй, түрээсэлж буй эсвэл ашиглаж буй (ашиглах эрх) газрын талбай

5.8 Газар эзэмшил, газар ашиглах эрх, ус ашиглах эрх

Газар өмчлөл:

• төрийн
• хувь хүн, өмчийн гэрчилгээтэй

Газар ашиглах эрх:

• хувь хүн

Ус ашиглах эрх:

• нэгдлийн хэлбэрээр (зохион байгуулалттай)

5.9 Дэд бүтэц, үйлчилгээний хүртээмж

6.1 Технологийн талбайд үзүүлсэн нөлөө

Нийгэм-эдийн засгийн үр нөлөө

Үйлдвэрлэл

Орлого, зарлага

Нийгэм-соёлын үр нөлөө

Экологийн үр нөлөө

Усны эргэлт/ илүүдэл

Хөрс

Биологийн олон янз байдал: ургамал, амьтан

6.2 Технологийн талбайн гадна үзүүлсэн үр нөлөө

6.3 Технологийн уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт, цаг агаарын гамшигт үзэгдэлд өртөх байдал ба эмзэг байдал (газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор)

Уур амьсгалын аажим өөрчлөлт

Уур амьсгалын аажим өөрчлөлт

	Улирал	Уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт/экстрим үзэгдлийн төрөл	Технологи түүний нөлөөг хэрхэн бууруулж байна?
жилийн дундаж температур		Өсөлт	муу

Уур амьсгалаас хамаарах аюул (гамшиг)

Цаг уурын гамшигт үзэгдэл

	Технологи түүний нөлөөг хэрхэн бууруулж байна?
орон нутгийн аадар бороо	сайн

Уур амьсгалын гамшиг

	Технологи түүний нөлөөг хэрхэн бууруулж байна?
ган гачиг	сайн

Усзүйн гамшиг

	Технологи түүний нөлөөг хэрхэн бууруулж байна?
усны үер (гол)	муу

Уур амьсгалд хамаарах бусад үр дагавар

Уур амьсгалд хамаарах бусад үр дагавар

	Технологи түүний нөлөөг хэрхэн бууруулж байна?
цргалтын хугацаа багасах	муу

6.4 Өртөг ба ашгийн шинжилгээ

Бий болгох зардалтай харьцуулахад ямар ашиг өгсөн бэ (газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор)?

Арчилгаа/урсгал зардалтай харьцуулахад ямар ашиг өгсөн бэ (газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор)?

6.5 Технологи нэвтрүүлэлт

• жишээ/ туршилт

Технологи нэвтрүүлсэн хүмүүсээс хэд нь өөрийн хүчээр технологийг хэрэгжүүлсэн бэ, өөрөөр хэлбэл гадны тусламж дэмжлэг авалгүйгээр?

• 0-10%

Тайлбар:

1% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

1 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: Saifoin seed was provided to farmers with lower price than commercially available seeds.

Comments on spontaneous adoption: There is little trend towards (growing) spontaneous adoption of the technology.

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Some farmers are aware about the production of high quality forage and want to be ready to be protected from drought. During drought periods the yield of natural vegetation is less, but the yield of sainfoin’ is constant.

6.7 Технологийн давуу тал/боломжууд

Газар ашиглагчдын тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд
Keeping the fields as fallow is not profitable for ordinary farmers. It can be done by rich farmers. How can they be sustained / enhanced? If there is the increase of returns it is necessary to maintain fallow
There is need in subsidies from the Government in order to distribute cereals and perennial legume seed. How can they be sustained / enhanced? To provide credits for farmers in order for them to buy seed
If there is enough fuel and seed farmers can cultivate sainfoin everywhere, it is very good technology. How can they be sustained / enhanced? The State should subsidy the supply of oil products

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон давуу тал/боломжууд
The winter is very hard in Suusamyr Valley and livestock need enough and quality forage. Sainfoin hay contains high level of protein. How can they be sustained / enhanced? To prepare emergency stocks of hay
Natural vegetation yields for hay making is not so big particularly in drought period. Sainfoin is very productive crop. How can they be sustained / enhanced? To introduce more productive and drought - resistant varieties
Rizo biomass of sainfoin is big and it accumulates the nitrogen. Sainfoin improves the soil fertility. How can they be sustained / enhanced? The cultivation of sainfoin should be rotated in all available fields
Sainfoin is income generating crop because after harvesting of seed sainfoin the straw can be also sold by farmers at the price of 50 som for one hay bale How can they be sustained / enhanced? To conduct marketing researches for sale of hay
This Technology also protects the soil surface from the erosion in the result of strong density of plants. How can they be sustained / enhanced? To increase the sowing rate up to 90 kg/ha

6.8 Технологийн дутагдалтай/сул тал/аюул болон тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах арга зам

Газар ашиглагч нарын тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл	Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ?
Poor farmer is not interested in the Conservation Technology	Awareness raising of the poor farmers is necessary
We are having not enough knowledge about the soil conservation possibility legumes	To organize the training of farmers.
State legislation about soil protection is not maintained by Local Government and farmers	To monitor the observation of legislation by land users and local authorities
There should be Soil fertility protection service.	The Government should finance the establishment of service on soil fertility protection.

Эмхэтгэгч, бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн өнцгөөс тодорхойлсон сул тал/ дутагдал/ эрсдэл	Тэдгээрийг хэрхэн даван туулах вэ?
Lack of good credit system for farmers SWCT.	To lower interest rates of credits while lending farmers for implementation of the Conservation Technology
Comparatively high price of certified sainfoin seeds are not available for farmers	Usage of not certified seed by farmers leads to poor yields of sainfoin and cereals. To ensure the supply of high quality seed through distributers’ centers
Farmers need special knowledge in order to produce sainfoin seed	To conduct trainings for farmers on seed production technologies.
To consolidate farmers about the effect of sainfoin cultivation for soil fertility some scientists have to do on farm demonstration plots	Extension services should organize demonstration fields in villages.

7.2 Ном, хэвлэлийн ишлэл

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Usubaliev B. Annual project activity’s report. “Demonstration sustainable mountains pasture management in the Suusamyr Valley. Kyrgyzstan”. UNDP.- Kyrgyzsran., 2010. Bishkek.

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

Project office

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Duishenaaly uulu Urmat.- Report of land management specialist of the “Local Gogernment Suusamyr”, 2010

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

Suusamyr Village

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Bekganov Nurkan.- Report of local mobilization specialist of the UNDP project.- 2010

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

Suusamyr Village.

Гарчиг, зохиогч, он, ISBN:

Amankulov Kubanychbek.- Report of statistics specialist of the “Local Gogernment Suusamyr”, 2010

Хаанаас авч болох вэ? Зардал?

.Suusamyr Village