Breve descrição da melhor prática

Carbon Sequestration in woody biomass and in soils is a cost-effective measure to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels.Also, surplus biomass could be used as a substitute for fossil fuels.Some woody biomassspecies can grow in these low rainfall areas with saline soils, although the build up of organic carbon in wood and soils is modest. Up to 9,000 ha of run-down land will be rehabilitated with the active participation of twelve villages in whose ownership the land will be vested. This project is meant as a catalyst for rangeland reclamation via CS and natural resource management throughout Iran and beyond. This project will demonstrate the means not only to increase animal fodder production, but also to expand the storage of C and provide renewable energy at the same time. It will also enhance the fl ora and fauna, thus increasing biological diversity and rehabilitate the ecosystem. Thus, the government is integrating global environmental protection concerns into national development activities. |

Localização

The size of the hydrologi|

Breve descrição do ambiente natural dentro do local especificado.

Soil is composed of gypsic and calcic minerals which is typical of arid and semi-arid lands.Hot and dry desert soils usually contain rock and gravel, creating coarse soil with good draining. Semiarid deserts have finer soil containing loose rock, gravel sand with  low soil humidity. |
The location is covered almost by plains which is suitable for irrigated and agriculture from point of and around 50% is hilly/steep which is suitable for range land. The average Plain elevation is 1700 meter.
Climate is arid and semi arid with cold winters and hot summers.The mean annual precipitation ranges between 117mm-340mm Average 188mm.Most of the precipitation occures during the fall and early spring.It is characterized by consecutive droughts and occurrence of critical climatic conditions.this area is affected by Sistani 120 days north to south Prevailing wind.

Condições socioeconômicas prevalecentes das pessoas que vivem no local e/ou nas proximidades

Those living in the location and nearby normally are low-income  farmers and Livestock husbandry with an average income of 3000000 IRR monthly.
all range land belong to the government and utilization is base on range land management plans. Most of the agricultural lands belong to village cooperative but there are some private farmlands as well
At the first stage of the project all area was supported just
under 1,000 people. There was 30 villages some of which have been abandoned and others only contain one or two families. Animal herding was the main occupation, with the villagers owning about12,000 sheep and goats,and non productive farming|

Com base em quais critérios e/ou indicadores (não relacionados com a Estratégia) a prática proposta e a tecnologia correspondente foram considerados como "melhores"?

This project serve as a training and demonstration site to encourage rural people, with some government assistance through participatory approaches . This project  demonstrate the practicability and cost-effectiveness of rejuvenating range land areas and making them productive, while at the same time increasing the organic C stocks in plants and soils. Therefore, additional funds to cover the incremental costs, especially the training, monitoring & evaluation costs, could demonstrate to local people and governments the practicability of such an initiative.so it constitute an example of a “win-win” strategy that is an essential factor in sustainable natural resource management.|

Principais problemas abordados pelas melhores práticas

Two main problems that contributed to land degradation and desertification in the project area, which is among those areas near the Afghan border are: (1) lack of control over the land by the local population and , in the ten-year period to 1996; and, (2), a large influx of Afghan refugees.This led to overgrazing by local, refugee and migrant animals, and to excessive fuel wood gathering.|

Esboçar problemas específicos de degradação do solo abordados pelas melhores práticas

overgrazing, drought and the damage caused by wind erosion are the specific land degradation problems against rehabitation of vegetation cover in project area. For four months each year, sand ladened ‘sistani’ winds blow almost continuously.  This is not only unpleasant, but it makes arable farming difficult because sand covers the fields On the other hand the experiences government in term of combat desertification activities proves that re habitation activities will not be successful without real participation of rural communities. |

Especificar os objetivos das melhores práticas

The main global,national and rural objectives are:improve the ecosystem through natural regeneration by planting/seeding, drought resistant grasses and shrubs, and to make the rangeland areas of Iran more productive. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate that low rainfall areas can be rehabilitated at a relatively low cost, using a mixture of woody and non-woody plants,with the active participation of the local population. |To build capacity through demonstration, training and extension activities to people throughout the country so that the project can be replicated and improved. To promote environmental awareness.To enhance human resource development at the national and local levels.To enhance biodiversity.To improve fl ora & fauna numbers and composition and to enhance the micro-climate.To improve capacity of national experts and local people in rehabilitation, managementand utilization of resources

Breve descrição das principais atividades, por objetivo

Public awareness and information dissemination. This activity will be implemented to ensure that a wide range of concerned stakeholders are fully informed about the rehabilitation techniques, management mechanism and long-term economic and environmental benefits of the project.|
Community-based management regime. This activity will aim to explore various management regimes to have the villages/households organized for the planting efforts and declare their ownership and access rights to the land.
Rehabilitation of semi-arid areas. Land rehabilitation includes seedling production,ground preparation, planting, weeding, and watering for the first two years, guarding and
management.|Training and extension. Project preparation, promotion workshops and meetings involving different stakeholders. Compile management plans for undertaking rehabilitation activity.Natural resource management training for villagers and staff of the Forest and Range Organization and some overseas training to engage the local people. establishing community-based management regimes, land ownership legalities, entrepreneurial activities,etc.
Monitoring and Evaluation.

Breve descrição e especificações técnicas da tecnologia

the presses of project are as follow respectively:community-base managements,Establishment of Co-Management Plans, Implementation of Co-Management Plans /Agreements, Social Communication Initiatives and Performance Monitoring & Assessment of Rehabilitation.
There is a direct link between poverty and desertification, thus combating desertification should help in working against poverty. One strategy applied by the project is the establishment of a micro credit mechanism for VDG members. The Micro‐credit Fund has been financed both by the project and by the small savings made from VDG members. Every fortnight during the VDG meetings, the villagers offer their own savings into the Micro‐credit Fund, which is money that will at a later point in time be re‐loaned to them. By selecting a Board of Directors representing the local communities, the targeted area has full ownership over the Micro Credit Fund. The participatory approach of the project allowed for a sound collaboration among a host of international, national and local partners. The steering committee of the project therefore includes representatives from various ministries representing various sectors of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Department of Environment, the Budget and Planning Authorities in the country as well as the national GEF focal point.
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Nome e endereço da instituição que desenvolve a tecnologia

Carbon Sequestration in Desertified Rangelands of Hosseinabad Project, Phase 2 | The project was designed to demonstrate that desertified rangelands can be cost-effectively reclaimed by, and for the benefit of local people and that there is significant potential to sequester carbon in plants and soil in these areas for overall global benefiton March 2010

A tecnologia foi desenvolvida em parceria?

Sim

Liste os parceiros:

Result of the project in pase I has led to new dialogue being initiated between UNDP and the FRWO on further expanding the project approach to select sites in the provinces of Kerman (Shahdad) and Tehran (Mallard) with the possibility of inclusion of Yazd and Isfahan.

Especificar a estrutura dentro da qual a tecnologia foi promovida

• Iniciativa local
• Iniciativa nacional - liderada pelo governo
• Iniciativa nacional - não governamental
• Iniciativa Internacional

A participação das partes interessadas locais, incluindo as OSCs, foi fomentada no desenvolvimento da tecnologia?

Sim

Lista das partes interessadas locais envolvidas:

Local farmers and villagers|Farmers' and range management associations|Farmes'cooperatives|Research institutes in the concerned provinces |Local communities

Para os participantes listados acima, especifique seu papel no projeto, início, uso e manutenção da tecnologia, se houver.

A wealth of knowledge and experience on participatory management of rangelands. Participatory rehabilitation and conservation of 13572 ha of degraded areas;
80.6% reduction in the consumption of fuel-wood by local communities as a result of the introduction of new sources of energy;
A locally adjusted model for carbon sequestration in dry land ecosystems;
Demonstration and promotion of innovative land and water management techniques at pilot level, which have been extended to some other parts of the country;
A network of VDGs (mixed, male, and female) that oversee the use of micro-credit mechanism;
A set of micro-credit/micro-saving schemes at VDG level;
Enhanced vocational skills among local inhabitants, particularly women;
130  small business initiatives that contribute to improved livelihoods at the village level; and
Significantly, increased awareness at local and national levels regarding partnership |

A população que vive no local e/ou nas proximidades estava envolvida no desenvolvimento da tecnologia?

Sim

Por meio de quê?

• Consulta
• Abordagens participativas

Descreva os impactos no local (os dois principais impactos por categoria)

Since October 2010, experts and consultants from “No Andishan Tose’e Mosharekat Mehr” NGO have been contracted to update and improve the established Micro-Credit Fund Management Systems as well as promoting innovative approaches to expand the market of local products by taking a systematic approach |
Reduction of poverty and creating job opportunities for the locals, which lead to the reduction of the emigration rate to larger cities.
A network of VDGs (mixed, male, and female) that oversee the use of micro-credit mechanism
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This project
produces a measurable increase in the fl ora and fauna and an enhanced micro-climate. Another positive environmental impact is sand stabilization through project activities should reduce the Sistani damage.
Participatory rehabilitation and conservation of 13572 ha of degraded areas;
This project fosters an increased and sustainable production of fodder, wood and other products,and a measurable increase in the area of and off-take from sheltered lands. There
would also be a build-up of organic C that could reach 3-4 t/ha. after 20 years|
80.6% reduction in the consumption of fuel-wood by local communities as a result of the introduction of new sources of energy;

Descreva os dois principais impactos fora do local (isto é, não ocorrendo no local, mas nas áreas circunvizinhas)

Increased awareness at local and national government levels regarding the potential of partnership with local people to restore and protect the natural resources based on the achievements of phases I and II, has led to new dialogue being initiated between UNDP and the FRWO on further expanding the project approach to select sites in the provinces of Kerman (Shahdad) and Tehran (Mallard) with the possibility of inclusion of Yazd and Isfahan, as major project sites in the next phase.|
developing a locally adjusted model for carbon sequestration in dry land ecosystems;

Impacto sobre a biodiversidade e a mudança climática

Explique as razões:

At least 9,000 ha of degraded rangelands will be converted to grazing forest-land. Through this change, the amount of additional atmospheric C, that could be stored in above and below ground biomass and in the soil, will be about 2 tonnes per hectare once the project is completed. This is anticipated to increase to about 14 t/ha. after 20 years, 21 t/ha. after 50 years and 30 t/ha. After 100 years, of which up to 90 percent will be belowground. These estimates have to be verifi ed. Due to the prevailing arid climatic conditions and the stability of the sink, the turnover rate of C tends to be very slow and belowground C storage in roots and soil is considered to be a high quality offset. The sequestering of C does not stop at year 20, although it will slow down due to harvesting of wood. A model has been drawn up indicating the likely growth and production in the project area over a 100-year time period. The projected   cremental store of C after 50 years is 20.9 t/ha. with an incremental cost of US$6.8 t./C. After 100 years, the projected C store is estimated to be 29.7 t. for an incremental cost of US$4.8 per tonne of C.
The greatest benefi ts to farmers and globally will be through establishing forest-grazing areas. This project produces a measurable increase in the flora and fauna and an enhanced micro-climate. Another
positive environmental impact is sand stabilization through project activities should reduce the Sistani damage.
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Foi realizada uma análise de custo-benefício?

Foi realizada uma análise de custo-benefício?

Sim

A tecnologia foi disseminada/introduzida para outros locais?

A tecnologia foi disseminada/introduzida para outros locais?

Sim

Onde?

the project approach to disseminated to select sites in the provinces of Kerman (Shahdad) and Tehran (Mallard) with the possibility of inclusion of Yazd and Isfahan

Foram fornecidos incentivos para facilitar a adoção da tecnologia?

Foram fornecidos incentivos para facilitar a adoção da tecnologia?

Sim

Especifique que tipo de incentivos:

• Incentivos políticos ou regulamentares (por exemplo, relacionados às exigências e regulamentações do mercado, importação/exportação, investimento estrangeiro, apoio à pesquisa e desenvolvimento, etc.)
• Incentivos financeiros (por exemplo, taxas preferenciais, auxílios estatais, subsídios, subvenções em dinheiro, garantias de empréstimos, etc.)

Você pode identificar as três principais condições que levaram ao sucesso das melhores práticas/tecnologias apresentadas?

In order to rehabilitate the local dryland, while also working to engage the local community, the project contracted with local VDGs to have seedlings grown and planted in the area.  This work was done as part of the  microfinance funds given to the VDGs, which then used the loans to grow and sell the  seedlings.this method is replicable elsewhere with major adaptation  |
project asked the women already trained in the project to train the new project beneficiaries.  This allowed for a closer relationship between project members.  Further, as the existing members were aware of the likely problems the new members would face, training was made more efficient and effective.this method is replicable elsewhere with some level of adaptation|
In the last year the Project’s experiences have been shared with other projects in Iran, including UNDP/GEF SGP projects,voluntary NGOs and governmental experts this method is replicable elsewhere with major adaptation.|

Replicabilidade

Na sua opinião, a melhor prática/tecnologia que você propôs pode ser replicada, embora com algum nível de adaptação, em outro lugar?

Sim

Em que nível?

• Local
• Sub-nacional
• Nacional
• Sub-regional
• Regional
• Internacional

Relacionado a recursos humanos

For higher impact the results and achievement of the project need to be propagated across the country through the national decision making forums. By replicating the project experiences in areas with similar situations, the outcome could affect the country’s ability to counter the global climate change, while simultaneously improving the livelihoods of the rural and marginalised communities as well as halting desertification.
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Relacionado a aspectos técnicos

Performance Monitoring & Assessment of Rehabilitation and carbon sequestration needs eSMART indicators,|