Breve descrição da melhor prática

Pasture is divided into several plots based on its productivity, and grazing period and grazing systems are fixed according to the carrying capacity of each plot. The demonstration plots were identified at spring and autumn ranges in Hexigten Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. There around plots were rivers, lakes and residential areas, and grasslands degraded seriously because of tramples by livestock when drinking water. Hexigten Banner initiated the project of rotational grazing in order to improve the living and production conditions of herdsmen, prompt reform of local production systems and preserve the ecological environment of grasslands. The main target of the project was to achieve the balance of pasture utilization, rational development of water resources, and eventually realize the balance between grass and livestock all the year through rotational grazing in summer and autumn and crops grown for silage, etc..|

Localização

Jiri Villiage and Hongqi Villiage of Baiyinchagan Township, Hexigten Banner of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, China.|

Breve descrição do ambiente natural dentro do local especificado.

Semi-arid continental climate.
Soil is loamy texture and soil erodibility is medium.
Plain/plateaus.

Condições socioeconômicas prevalecentes das pessoas que vivem no local e/ou nas proximidades

Collective ownership and individual use rights
Farming.
Local income level is low. Per Capita Annual Net Income is CNY 5090 in Rural areas of Hexigten Banner of Inner Mongolia in 2011.

Com base em quais critérios e/ou indicadores (não relacionados com a Estratégia) a prática proposta e a tecnologia correspondente foram considerados como "melhores"?

Grazing land.
It allows rehabilitation of degraded grassland, sustains land use for long term, increases income of local farmers, is suitable to natural conditions and is well accepted by the local participants.|

Principais problemas abordados pelas melhores práticas

Over grazing is controlled and is in favour of pasture recovery.
|Decrease desertification.|Solve the contradiction between limited rangeland and growing demand of animal husbandry.|Improve awareness of ecological protection in communities.

Esboçar problemas específicos de degradação do solo abordados pelas melhores práticas

Grassland degradation caused by overgrazing was addressed.

Especificar os objetivos das melhores práticas

Restore the normal growth of the pasture.|Solve water shortage for livestock.|Improve grassland productivity.|Achieve sustainable use of resources.

Breve descrição das principais atividades, por objetivo

1. Dig wells, fit windmills, build water tank and carry water by tractors.
2. Cultivate forage crop at small scale with irrigation and fertilizer application.
3. Establish silage to supply forage all the year.
1. Enclose an area within demonstration plot serving as water storage for livestock under the conditions if there are river of lake available.
2. In the rolling areas, one drinking point should be created for two plots. Dig well near the pasture track. A pitcher with capacity of 16 ton of water should be installed around each windmill.
3. If landform of plot is flat, the pitcher should be built at high terrace in favour of water flow in pipeline to grazing area.|
1. Divide the rangeland into units.
2. Establish and mend enclosures.
3. Forage basis are leveled ground and sowed by project house-holders as spring drew near.
1. Develop high-yielding forage basis.
2. Strengthen control of diseases of livestock and.
3. Implement balance system of the grass and livestock.

Breve descrição e especificações técnicas da tecnologia

Technical contents of rotational grazing mainly included: (1) Balance the utilization of grasslands through dividing the rangeland into units; (2) Solve the problem of water shortage by means of windmill, water tank and water transportation by tractors, etc; (3) Cultivate high-yielding forage crop at small scale with irrigation and fertilizer application; (4) Establish silage to supply forage; (5) Strengthen control of diseases of livestock and improve rangeland management.
Five barbed wire fences around rotational grazing units were used and the pillars of enclosures were made up of cements. Plots were divided by zinc coated fences, and added a barbed wire at the top of the fences. Gate of each pilot was welded by steel pipes.

Nome e endereço da instituição que desenvolve a tecnologia

Rangeland Survey and Design Institute, Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Pastoral Academy of Sciences.|No answer provided.

A tecnologia foi desenvolvida em parceria?

Não

Especificar a estrutura dentro da qual a tecnologia foi promovida

• Iniciativa local
• Iniciativa nacional - liderada pelo governo
• Programa/iniciativa baseada em projetos

A participação das partes interessadas locais, incluindo as OSCs, foi fomentada no desenvolvimento da tecnologia?

Sim

Lista das partes interessadas locais envolvidas:

Project householders.

Para os participantes listados acima, especifique seu papel no projeto, início, uso e manutenção da tecnologia, se houver.

Project householders were trained in the forms of textbook, information booklets in the use and maintenance of the technology.|

A população que vive no local e/ou nas proximidades estava envolvida no desenvolvimento da tecnologia?

Não

Por meio de quê?

• Abordagens participativas

Descreva os impactos no local (os dois principais impactos por categoria)

Production methods of animal husbandry optimized. Saved labor was transferred to second and third industries.
Capacity of technology application of herdsmen was improved and herdmen’s traditional concept changed.
Livestock gained weight.
Pabular forages and grass coverage increased. Grazing intensity were lessened.
Herdsmen’s income increased.
Water and soil conservation were strengthened.

Descreva os dois principais impactos fora do local (isto é, não ocorrendo no local, mas nas áreas circunvizinhas)

Climate of sandystorm was lightened.

Impacto sobre a biodiversidade e a mudança climática

Explique as razões:

Activities and measures taken in the best practices/technology, which increased grass coverage, lessened grazing intensity, strengthened water and soil conservation in the demonstration plots, so the best practice had a positive impact on biodiversity conservation and climate change.|

Foi realizada uma análise de custo-benefício?

Foi realizada uma análise de custo-benefício?

Sim

A tecnologia foi disseminada/introduzida para outros locais?

A tecnologia foi disseminada/introduzida para outros locais?

Sim

Onde?

4.6 million hm2 natural rangeland in Inner Mongolia.

Você pode identificar as três principais condições que levaram ao sucesso das melhores práticas/tecnologias apresentadas?

The technology adapted to local natural and socio-economic development requirements.
The Chinese government has formulated relevant policies to encourage rotational grazing.
Local government had played an important role in application and scaling up of rotational grazing.

Replicabilidade

Na sua opinião, a melhor prática/tecnologia que você propôs pode ser replicada, embora com algum nível de adaptação, em outro lugar?

Sim

Em que nível?

• Local
• Sub-nacional

Relacionado a recursos humanos

The individual capacity of some herdsmen is limited in the use of the technology.

Relacionado a aspectos técnicos

Local the ability of the application and scaling up of the technology. As local herdsmen lack knowledge of animal management, and it is not easy to popularize the technology in the grazing areas.|