1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

O compilador e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através do WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre tecnologias da GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

Sustainable livelihoods enhanced through people's organisations by linking with other resource organisations prticularly for resource poor.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

Aims / objectives: The name of the project is western orissa rural livelihoods project, supergoal-reduction of poverty in rainfed areas of India, goal- More effective approaches to sustainable rural livelihoods adopted by government agencies & other stakeholders in KBK districts & elsewhere. The overall purpose is sustainable livelihoods, particularly fo the poorest, promoted in 4 districts in replicable ways by 2010 & to reduce poverty by promoting livelihoods initiatives particularly resource poor. Unlike DFID(I)'s earlier rural development projects, WORLP will work within government & follow GOI's watershed guidelines, but extra resources for ' watershed plus' activities: capacity building, minor irrigation, drinking water & livelihood initiatives for the poorest. WORLP is a part of wider effort to help Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) improve the effectiveness of watershed work nationally;'watershed plus' approach developed in WORLP will be tested for wider replication.

Methods: The project will have basically four types of impact: production impact, employment impact, Poverty alleviation impact & capacity building impact.The project would directly reavh a population of 725,000 people, 80% of whom would be people below poverty line-landless, marginal & small farmers. The Director of the Watershed Mission will answer to an empowered committee chaired by the Chief Secretary; district level will be strenghthened by the appointment of a Project Director-Watershed projects & staff to work alongside the District Rural Development Agencies, funds will be tranferred from the PD-DRDA to the PD-WSP; GoO has appointed full time watershed development teams at block level to support implementation of the KBK plan; WORLP may use these teams, but can also use other government agencies(including Forestry Department in areas with forest land) or NGOs as PIAs. DFID will finance a Project Support Unit at Bhubaneswar, Capacity Building Teams in districts & Livelihood Support Team at block level. The project will fall under state leve Watershed Mission, created to oversee implementation of all MoRDIts main focus is to work with existing strengths & build upon them. In this area 60 to 70% of th population live below official poverty line. Erratic rainfall, limited irrigation, poor capacity of government agencies & restricted opportunities for non-land based activities are major factors. But the key to poverty seems to be the structure of social relations: caste, untouchability, skewed land distribution, land alienation, dependence on money lenders, encroachment on common property resources, gender issues, all of which prevent access by pooe groups to natural resources.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

• Baseado em projeto/programa

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (organising the people in general, & poor (defined by the criteria of villagers), analysis of of problems, constraints, opportunities, threat concerning five capitals like physical, social, natural, finacial & human &)

The objectives of the project approach are mainly three components. Promoting livelihoods improvements, capacity building of primary & secondary stakeholders & encouraging an enabling environment.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Coping strategy against Drought, distressed migration, income in the lean period. Other problems are like employment opportunities, farm & non-farm activities for lan users & landless.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem

	Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais	Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação	Passivo	public meetings; People started participating because root cause of every problem becomes clear to the community. Interaction with all villagers again & again through public contacts
Planejamento	Passivo	rapid/participatory rural appraisal; Planning at time of drafting of micro-plan the land users went for transact of the area along with SWC specialist to sense the problem & alternative solutions.
Implementação	Apoio externo	Mainly: responsibility for minor steps; partly: casual labour; The implementation of the SWC was done by the User's group with supervision of Watershed committee. The Watershed committee provide cheque to the User's group.
Monitoramento/avaliação	Nenhum	Mainly: measurements/observations; partly: reporting; The monitoring is done at time of measurements/observation by the secretary & watershed committee. The rgular reporting was done by the watershed development team.
Research	Automobilização	on-farm; On-farm demos of the agriculture, integrated nutrient management, intercropping & line sowing etc.

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:

• Principalmente usuários da terra, apoiados por especialistas em GST

Explique:

Firstly the Project implementing agency & team initiate the discussion in different ways, like training, exposure visits, focused group discussion.The first phase is called rapport building phase for one year, when the livelihood focused micro-plan is prepared. The micro-plan can be modified time to time as per the need & concern of the community.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. In this approach in general & SWC measures in particular, firstly the land user's group raise proposal before the committee. The criteria behind the selection is poor land, poor people, contribution & ridge to valley approach. Than the land users agree to

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:

• Usuários de terra

• SWC specialists (1), extensionists/trainers (2), planners (3)

Tipo de formação:

• Em exercício
• Agricultor para agricultor
• Áreas de demonstração
• Reuniões públicas
• Cursos

Assuntos abordados:

Reconnainance survey through maps. Transact of the area, Identification of root cause of the problem & alternative solution & demonstration of different items so that the land users get a basket of choices. Another objective of the project to develop volunteers who will get some remuneration & help the land users for future maintainance, estimate, lay-out etc.

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Sim

Especifique se foi oferecido serviço de consultoria:

• nas áreas dos usuários da terra

Descreva/comentários:

Name of method used for advisory service: Community based sustainable livelihoods.; Key elements: Amalgamation of social & natural resource., Agreement of User's grop, benefit sharing, conflict resolution, prioritisation, etc., Farmer to farmer extension, replication through 'learn by doing & teach by showing methods'; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system, projects own extension structure and agents; Extension staff: mainly government employees 3) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: Participatory resource mapping through T

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; It is because it is really to early to conclude about extention. It requires high degree of common sense & commitment. Although extension service is in place but it needs coordination & management which will be hopefully developed by the project within next 3-4 years.

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?

• Sim, significativamente

Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:

• Local

Especifique o tipo de apoio:

• Financeiro
• Reforço das capacidades/formação
• Equipamento

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored through observations

technical aspects were regular monitored through observation

socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations

economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations

There were many changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: By timely monitoring & evaluation, the stages of the linked institutions are determined & capacity building was determined time to time. Fo example a training to SWC/NRM volunteers, supervision was done after regular interval. Than again after a time period the refresher training was devised as per the receptance of the concerned volunteers.

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Sim

Especifique os tópicos:

• Sociologia
• Economia/Marketing
• Tecnologia

Dê mais detalhes e indique quem realizou a pesquisa:

Participatory technology development with proper admixture of social & natural resouce is one of the objective of the project. As the components of technology, social dynamics & economics are interwoven with each other, therefore, research through consultants of national & international repute is a regular part of the project process.

Research was carried out on-farm

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:

• < 2.000

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (DFID): 100.0%

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Sim

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

• Equipamento

• Agrícola

• Infraestrutura

Comentários:

The unit of the project is a watershed & the project cost is rs. 9,500 per hac, out of which around rs. 3,600/ is for direct SWC measures & rest is for enhancement of livelihood assets & linking to self-sustainable institutions.

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Sim

Especifique as condições (taxa de juros, reembolso, etc):

Interest rate charged: 8.0%; repayment conditions: From the project side it one time grant to the watershed committee. But the watershed committee gives loan to groups or individual as per their own norms & condition. As the the project is trying to have a revolving fund in the watershed level for future mainatinance & requirement..

Interest was lower than market rate.

Especifique os destinatários do crédito:

The person who will avail loan must be in aself help group & must pass through the grading process w

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

• Incerto

Caso negativo ou incerto, especifique e comente:

It is because although it was hoped but one project cycle of 5 years is not over to give concluding remarks.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Equity in investments, with a particular focus on developing SWC on the land of small & marginal farmers, often in the upper catchment. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The review & montoring as per the micro-plan developed by the villagers of the watershed.)
Generating employment for those most in need in the early phases to provide immediate relief from indebtedness & impoverishment & need to migrate.
A group approach built around the establishment of revolving fundsto provide alternative credit sources. Site specific approaches ranging from rainfed SWC measures to increasing

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação