1.2 ព័ត៌មានលម្អិតពីបុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ និងស្ថាប័នដែលចូលរួមក្នុងការវាយតម្លៃ និងចងក្រងឯកសារនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

1.3 លក្ខខណ្ឌទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈវ៉ូខេត

អ្នកចងក្រង និង(បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ)យល់ព្រមទទួលយកនូវលក្ខខណ្ឌនានាទាក់ទងទៅនឹងការប្រើប្រាស់ទិន្នន័យដែលបានចងក្រងតាមរយៈ​ វ៉ូខេត:

បាទ/ចា៎

1.4 ការយោងមួយ (ច្រើន) ទៅលើ (កម្រង) បញ្ជីសំណួរនៃបច្ចេកទេស SLM

2.1 ពណ៌នាសង្ខេបខ្លីពីវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

Sustainable livelihoods enhanced through people's organisations by linking with other resource organisations prticularly for resource poor.

2.2 ពណ៌នាលម្អិតពិវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ពណ៌នាលម្អិតពិវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ:

Aims / objectives: The name of the project is western orissa rural livelihoods project, supergoal-reduction of poverty in rainfed areas of India, goal- More effective approaches to sustainable rural livelihoods adopted by government agencies & other stakeholders in KBK districts & elsewhere. The overall purpose is sustainable livelihoods, particularly fo the poorest, promoted in 4 districts in replicable ways by 2010 & to reduce poverty by promoting livelihoods initiatives particularly resource poor. Unlike DFID(I)'s earlier rural development projects, WORLP will work within government & follow GOI's watershed guidelines, but extra resources for ' watershed plus' activities: capacity building, minor irrigation, drinking water & livelihood initiatives for the poorest. WORLP is a part of wider effort to help Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) improve the effectiveness of watershed work nationally;'watershed plus' approach developed in WORLP will be tested for wider replication.

Methods: The project will have basically four types of impact: production impact, employment impact, Poverty alleviation impact & capacity building impact.The project would directly reavh a population of 725,000 people, 80% of whom would be people below poverty line-landless, marginal & small farmers. The Director of the Watershed Mission will answer to an empowered committee chaired by the Chief Secretary; district level will be strenghthened by the appointment of a Project Director-Watershed projects & staff to work alongside the District Rural Development Agencies, funds will be tranferred from the PD-DRDA to the PD-WSP; GoO has appointed full time watershed development teams at block level to support implementation of the KBK plan; WORLP may use these teams, but can also use other government agencies(including Forestry Department in areas with forest land) or NGOs as PIAs. DFID will finance a Project Support Unit at Bhubaneswar, Capacity Building Teams in districts & Livelihood Support Team at block level. The project will fall under state leve Watershed Mission, created to oversee implementation of all MoRDIts main focus is to work with existing strengths & build upon them. In this area 60 to 70% of th population live below official poverty line. Erratic rainfall, limited irrigation, poor capacity of government agencies & restricted opportunities for non-land based activities are major factors. But the key to poverty seems to be the structure of social relations: caste, untouchability, skewed land distribution, land alienation, dependence on money lenders, encroachment on common property resources, gender issues, all of which prevent access by pooe groups to natural resources.

2.3 រូបភាពនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

2.5 ប្រទេស/តំបន់/ទីតាំងកន្លែង ដែលវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយត្រូវបានអនុវត្តន៍

2.6 កាលបរិច្ឆេទនៃការចាប់ផ្តើម និងបញ្ចប់នៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយនេះ

2.7 ប្រភេទនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

• ផ្អែកលើគម្រោង/កម្មវិធី

2.8 គោលបំណង/ទិសដៅសំខាន់នៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (organising the people in general, & poor (defined by the criteria of villagers), analysis of of problems, constraints, opportunities, threat concerning five capitals like physical, social, natural, finacial & human &)

The objectives of the project approach are mainly three components. Promoting livelihoods improvements, capacity building of primary & secondary stakeholders & encouraging an enabling environment.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Coping strategy against Drought, distressed migration, income in the lean period. Other problems are like employment opportunities, farm & non-farm activities for lan users & landless.

2.9 លក្ខខណ្ឌអនុញ្ញាត ឬរារាំងការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេសដែលស្ថិតនៅក្រោមវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

3.1 អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធដែលបានចូលរួមក្នុងវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ និងតួនាទីរបស់ពួកគេ

3.2 ការចូលរួមរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងតំបន់/ សហគមន៍ក្នុងតំបន់ក្នុងដំណាក់កាលផ្សេងគ្នានៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

	ការចូលរួមរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងតំបន់/សហគមន៍ក្នុងតំបន់	សូមបញ្ជាក់នរណាត្រូវបានចូលរួម ព្រមទាំងពណ៌នាសកម្មភាពទាំងនោះ
ការចាប់ផ្តើម/ការលើកទឹកចិត្ត	អសកម្ម	public meetings; People started participating because root cause of every problem becomes clear to the community. Interaction with all villagers again & again through public contacts
ការរៀបចំផែនការ	អសកម្ម	rapid/participatory rural appraisal; Planning at time of drafting of micro-plan the land users went for transact of the area along with SWC specialist to sense the problem & alternative solutions.
ការអនុវត្តន៍	ការគាំទ្រពីខាងក្រៅ	Mainly: responsibility for minor steps; partly: casual labour; The implementation of the SWC was done by the User's group with supervision of Watershed committee. The Watershed committee provide cheque to the User's group.
ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ	គ្មាន	Mainly: measurements/observations; partly: reporting; The monitoring is done at time of measurements/observation by the secretary & watershed committee. The rgular reporting was done by the watershed development team.
Research	គំនិតផ្តួចផ្តើមដោយខ្ឡួនឯង	on-farm; On-farm demos of the agriculture, integrated nutrient management, intercropping & line sowing etc.

3.4 ការសម្រេចចិត្តលើការជ្រើសរើសបច្ចេកទេស SLM

សូមបញ្ជាក់តើអ្នកណាជាអ្នកបានសម្រេចចិត្តក្នុងការជ្រើសរើសបច្ចេកទេសដើម្បីយកមកអនុវត្តន៍:

• អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី ដោយមានការគាំទ្រពីអ្នកជំនាញឯកទេស SLM

ចូរពន្យល់:

Firstly the Project implementing agency & team initiate the discussion in different ways, like training, exposure visits, focused group discussion.The first phase is called rapport building phase for one year, when the livelihood focused micro-plan is prepared. The micro-plan can be modified time to time as per the need & concern of the community.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. In this approach in general & SWC measures in particular, firstly the land user's group raise proposal before the committee. The criteria behind the selection is poor land, poor people, contribution & ridge to valley approach. Than the land users agree to

4.1 ការកសាងសមត្ថភាព/ បណ្តុះបណ្តាល

តើវគ្គបណ្តុះបណ្តាលបានផ្តល់ឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី/អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធផ្សេងៗទៀតដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់តើអ្នកណាត្រូវបានបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

• អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី

• SWC specialists (1), extensionists/trainers (2), planners (3)

ទម្រង់នៃការបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

• អនុវត្តន៍ជាមួយការងារ
• ពីកសិករទីកសិករ
• ទីតាំងបង្ហាញ
• ការប្រជុំជាសាធារណៈ
• វគ្គបណ្តុះបណ្តាល

ប្រធានបទបណ្តុះបណ្តាល:

Reconnainance survey through maps. Transact of the area, Identification of root cause of the problem & alternative solution & demonstration of different items so that the land users get a basket of choices. Another objective of the project to develop volunteers who will get some remuneration & help the land users for future maintainance, estimate, lay-out etc.

4.2 សេវាផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាយោបល់

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីបានទទួលនូវសេវាផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាដែរ ឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រសិនបើសេវាកម្មប្រឹក្សាយោបល់ត្រូវបានផ្តល់ឱ្យ:

• នៅលើដីរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី

ពណ៌នា/ពន្យល់:

Name of method used for advisory service: Community based sustainable livelihoods.; Key elements: Amalgamation of social & natural resource., Agreement of User's grop, benefit sharing, conflict resolution, prioritisation, etc., Farmer to farmer extension, replication through 'learn by doing & teach by showing methods'; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system, projects own extension structure and agents; Extension staff: mainly government employees 3) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: Participatory resource mapping through T

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; It is because it is really to early to conclude about extention. It requires high degree of common sense & commitment. Although extension service is in place but it needs coordination & management which will be hopefully developed by the project within next 3-4 years.

4.3 ការពង្រឹងសមត្ថភាពស្ថាប័ន (ការអភិរឌ្ឍន៍អង្គភាព)

តើស្ថាប័នទាំងអស់ត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើង ឬពង្រឹងសមត្ថភាពតាមរយៈវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែរ ឬទេ?

• បាទ/ច៎ា បានខ្លាំង

សូមបញ្ជាក់ថាតើស្ថាប័នត្រូវបានពង្រឹង ឬបង្កើតឡើងនៅត្រឹមកម្រិតណា(ច្រើន)?

• ថ្នាក់មូលដ្ឋាន

សូមបញ្ជាក់ប្រភេទនៃការគាំទ្រ:

• ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ
• ការកសាងសមត្ថភាព/ បណ្តុះបណ្តាល
• សម្ភារៈ

4.4 ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ

តើការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃគឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

មតិយោបល់:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored through observations

technical aspects were regular monitored through observation

socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations

economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations

There were many changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: By timely monitoring & evaluation, the stages of the linked institutions are determined & capacity building was determined time to time. Fo example a training to SWC/NRM volunteers, supervision was done after regular interval. Than again after a time period the refresher training was devised as per the receptance of the concerned volunteers.

4.5 ការស្រាវជ្រាវ

តើការស្រាវជ្រាវ គឺជាផ្នែកមួយនៃវិធីសាស្រ្តដែរឬទេ?

បាទ/ចា៎

បញ្ជាក់ប្រធានបទ:

• សង្គមវិទ្យា
• សេដ្ឋកិច្ច/ទីផ្សារ
• បច្ចេកវិទ្យា

សូមផ្តល់ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែមទៀតឱ្យបានលម្អិត និងចង្អុលបង្ហាញនរណាដែលបានធ្វើការស្រាវជ្រាវ:

Participatory technology development with proper admixture of social & natural resouce is one of the objective of the project. As the components of technology, social dynamics & economics are interwoven with each other, therefore, research through consultants of national & international repute is a regular part of the project process.

Research was carried out on-farm

5.1 ថវិកាប្រចាំឆ្នាំសម្រាប់ផ្សព្វផ្សាយ SLM

ប្រសិនបើចំនួនពិតប្រាកដនៃថវិកាប្រចាំឆ្នាំមិនត្រូវបានដឹងច្បាស់ សូមប្រាប់ពីចន្លោះនៃថវិកានោះ:

• < 2,000

មតិយោបល់ (ឧ. ប្រភពសំខាន់នៃមូលនិធិ/ម្ចាស់ជំនួយចំបង):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (DFID): 100.0%

5.2 ការគាំទ្រផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ / សម្ភារៈដែលបានផ្តល់ទៅឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីបានទទួលការគាំទ្រផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថ/សម្ភារៈសម្រាប់ការអនុវត្តន៍បច្ចេកទេសដែរឬទេ:

បាទ/ចា៎

5.3 សូមបញ្ជាក់ពីធាតុចូលត្រូវបានផ្តល់បដិភាគ (រួមទាំងកម្លាំងពលកម្ម)

• សម្ភារៈ

• កសិកម្ម

• ហេដ្ឋារចនាសម្ព័ន្ធ

មតិយោបល់:

The unit of the project is a watershed & the project cost is rs. 9,500 per hac, out of which around rs. 3,600/ is for direct SWC measures & rest is for enhancement of livelihood assets & linking to self-sustainable institutions.

5.4 ឥណទាន

តើឥណទានដែលបានផ្តល់នៅក្រោមវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយសម្រាប់សកម្មភាព SLM នេះយ៉ាងដូចម្តេច?

បាទ/ចា៎

សូមបញ្ជាក់លក្ខខណ្ឌ (អាត្រាការប្រាក់ ការសង ។ល។):

Interest rate charged: 8.0%; repayment conditions: From the project side it one time grant to the watershed committee. But the watershed committee gives loan to groups or individual as per their own norms & condition. As the the project is trying to have a revolving fund in the watershed level for future mainatinance & requirement..

Interest was lower than market rate.

សូមបញ្ជាក់អ្នកទទួលឥណទាន:

The person who will avail loan must be in aself help group & must pass through the grading process w

6.1 ផលប៉ះពាល់នៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

6.3 សកម្មភាពផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែលប្រកបដោយចីរភាព

តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីអាចធ្វើឱ្យមានចីរភាពនូវអ្វីដែលត្រូវបានអនុវត្តន៍តាមរយៈវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយដែរឬទេ(ដោយពុំមានការគាំទ្រពីអ្នកខាងក្រៅ)?

• មិនប្រាកដ

ប្រសិន ទេ ឬមិនប្រាកដសូមបញ្ជាក់ និងពន្យល់:

It is because although it was hoped but one project cycle of 5 years is not over to give concluding remarks.

6.4 ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ

ភាពខ្លាំង/ គុណសម្បត្តិ/ ឱកាស​ ទស្សនៈរបស់បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ
Equity in investments, with a particular focus on developing SWC on the land of small & marginal farmers, often in the upper catchment. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The review & montoring as per the micro-plan developed by the villagers of the watershed.)
Generating employment for those most in need in the early phases to provide immediate relief from indebtedness & impoverishment & need to migrate.
A group approach built around the establishment of revolving fundsto provide alternative credit sources. Site specific approaches ranging from rainfed SWC measures to increasing

7.1 វិធីសាស្ត្រ/ ប្រភពនៃព័ត៌មាន