1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Golden Valley agricultural research trust (Golden Valley agricultural research trust) - Zâmbia

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Ministry of Agriculture of Zambia (MoA) - Zâmbia

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

16/01/2013

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre tecnologias da GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

This is a collaborative process between researchers and farmers for developing and adapting new technologies that focus on incorporating the perspectives and inputs from the farmers into the development process.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

Aims / objectives: (1)To stimulate active farmer participation in the technology development process so that local conditions and perspectives are integrated in the process. (2)Build the capacity of farmers to identify problems and contribute to selecting/improving technology options. (3) Raise farmers’ yields in a sustainable manner and ultimately contribute to increased net farm income.

Methods: A series of on-farm experiments are set up to test a range of technology options. These trials are implemented by the farmers so that vital feedback on which technology works and why it does so is collected. Suggestions for improvements are also collected, reviewed and incorporated into new designs or all together new technologies developed. The process is repeated until spontaneous adoption is evident before the technologies are promoted widely.

Stages of implementation: (1) Preparation of trial protocols for technologies to be tested (2) Identification of farmers and mobilization into farmer groups (3) Capacity building and increasing the knowledge base of farmers to effectively participate and contribute to development process. (4) Setting up of on-farm trials (5) Monitoring trials and collecting data/feedback from farmers (6) incorporation of feedback into technology development process and conducting on-station trials (7) technologies adapted or developed and introduced and the process is repeated.

Role of stakeholders: The approach was designed by national specialists where ‘best-bet’ technologies were pre-selected for testing. The role of GART was that of research and training of trainers. The supervision of the farmers was carried out by government extension workers who were supervised by the researchers and GART field technicians. The farmers implemented the approach and the decision on which technology to adopt was made by them. The land users also participated in evaluating the technologies and made suggestions on possible improvements. The decision on how best to consolidate these suggestions and incorporate them into the technologies was made by the specialists in consultation with the land users.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

• Baseado em projeto/programa

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Increasing agricultural productivity, improving livelihoods )

(1)To stimulate active farmer participation in the technology development process so that local conditions and perspectives are integrated in the process. (2)Build the capacity of farmers to identify problems and contribute to selecting/improving technology options. (3) Raise farmers’ yields in a sustainable manner through technology innovation and ultimately contribute to increased net farm income.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Unsustainable farming practices leading to environmental degradation and low agricultural productivity

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem

	Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais	Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação	Participativo	Approach inititated by specialists based on interactions with land-users from previous programmes
Planejamento	Passivo	Planning was done by specialists although farmers were informed and consulted at every stage
Implementação	Participativo	Land users implemented the approach with the help of specialists
Monitoramento/avaliação	Passivo	Monitoring/evaluation was done by the specialists together with the land users as well as external evaluators
Research	Participativo	Research was done by the specialists together with the land users

3.3 Fluxograma (se disponível)

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:

• Principalmente usuários da terra, apoiados por especialistas em GST

Explique:

The choice of which technology to test was made by the specialist but the choice of which technology to implement was made by the land users

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/ formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:

• Usuários de terra
• Equipe de campo/consultores

Tipo de formação:

• Agricultor para agricultor
• Áreas de demonstração
• Reuniões públicas

Assuntos abordados:

soil conservation and soil fertility improvement, how to use the conservation agricultural technologies, crop-livestock integration

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Sim

Especifique se foi oferecido serviço de consultoria:

• nas áreas dos usuários da terra

Descreva/comentários:

Name of method used for advisory service: Training of Trainers; Key elements: trainig of goverment extension workers and NGOs promoting of conservation agriculture (CA), on-farm demonstrations, field days

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; There are too few extension workers and there aren’t sufficient training manuals

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?

• Sim, moderadamente

Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:

• Local

Especifique o tipo de apoio:

• Reforço das capacidades/ formação
• Equipamento

Dê mais detalhes:

Capacity building of local cooperatives and farmer associations, training of trainers and practical demonstrations

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Soil properties, moisture conservation

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: soil miosture, soil fertility

technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: Yield, production area, labour, timeliness

technical aspects were None monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: equipment breakdowns

socio-cultural aspects were None monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: Gender, mindset, status

economic / production aspects were None monitored through observations; indicators: Yields, labour inputs, costs, income, adoption

no. of land users involved aspects were monitored through observations

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: There was more emphasis on on-farm trials as the project went on with more training on weeding techniques and crop-livestock integration

There were several changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: The Magoye Ripper (T_ZAM003en) was modified to penetrate deeper and an altogether new technology called the Magoye Planter (Strip Tillage T_ZAM002en) was developed to overcome some of the constraints of the Magoye Ripper.

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Sim

Especifique os tópicos:

• Tecnologia

Dê mais detalhes e indique quem realizou a pesquisa:

Research by GART focused on equipment development and adaptation of soil improvement technologies to make Conservation Agriculture (CA) a viable option for animal draft farmers

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:

• 2.000-10.000

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: local community / land user(s) (Land preparation by land user(s)): 100.0%

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Sim

Caso afirmativo, especifique tipo(s) de apoio, condições e fornecedor(es):

Mostly contributions from EU supplemented by finances from commercial activities i.e. commercial crop production and contract research

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

• Equipamento

Se a mão-de-obra pelos usuários da terra foi uma entrada substancial, isso foi:

• Voluntário

Comentários:

GART only provided technical support while the farmer provided all the inputs, labour

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

• Sim

Caso afirmativo, descreva como:

Adoption rates for Conservation Agriculture are still fairly low indicating that the practice is still fairly new and the technologies still need to be adapted and refined to suit local conditions. The farmers still need technical support until the bottlenecks with the practices are addressed and there is evident spontaneous adoption. This all depends on how well research and planners respond to the current challenges.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
Farmers well informed of current developments and technology advancements (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Training farmers on current developments and technology advancements)

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Farmers organizations strengthened (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Capacity building)
There is strong farmer involvement in technology adaptation (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Increase the farmers knowledge base to ensure effective participation)

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
Too little emphasis on knowledge transfer and too much on practical demonstrations and ‘how-to’ training.	Focus more on understanding principles and technology selection

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação

7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Impact study on the acceptance of the Magoye Ripper, Piet Stevens, David Samazaka, Ab Wanders, Douglas Moono, 2002 Conservation farming in Zambia, Steven Haggblade, Gelson Tembo, October 2003 Social-economic analysis of conservation agriculture in southern Africa, FAO, 2011Conservation farming in Zambia, Conservation farming unit (CFU), 2011

Disponível de onde? Custos?

GART/free onlineINDABA Project, Michigan State University/free onlineFAO/free onlinecfu@zamnet.zm

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Conservation farming in Zambia, Steven Haggblade, Gelson Tembo, October 2003

Disponível de onde? Custos?

INDABA Project, Michigan State University/free online

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Social-economic analysis of conservation agriculture in southern Africa, FAO, 2011

Disponível de onde? Custos?

FAO/free online

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Conservation farming in Zambia, Conservation farming unit (CFU), 2011

Disponível de onde? Custos?

cfu@zamnet.zm