1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Kathmandu University (KU) - Nepal

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

17/01/2014

O compilador e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através do WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre tecnologias da GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

This SLM Approach deals with the making of Khuwa (dairy product base), using traditional as well as improved methods and further its supply and marketing.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

Aims / objectives: This approach's goal is to preserve traditional khuwa production methods, while also applying new and rather sustainable technologies on the current process. Further, the local khuwa production creates employment - at the factory itself, as well as during supply and distribution processes.

Methods: This focusses mainly on the methods applied during khuwa production:

1. Milk is collected from local farmers.

2. Milk is boiled for approximately 30mins on improved stoves, using locally collected firewood.

3. Boiled is continued until milk's volume has reduced to half.

4. After around 1 hour of simmering milk has turned into a thick paste, which is known as khuwa.

5. Paste needs to be cooled.

Stages of implementation: The Khuwa Utpadan factory was founded in 2050 B.S. by locals, whose ancestors had already been involved in Khuwa production.
Firstly necessary utensils and materials were purchased. Later improved cooking stoves were installed to reduce the smoke formation and amount of required fire wood.

Role of stakeholders: 1. Providing employment opportunities to local villagers .

2. Buying milk from locals, creating a source of income for them.

3. Maintaining a regular flow of Khuwa production to purchasers in surrounding cities, including Kathmandu.

4. Preserving traditional Khuwa production methods among the local community.

Other important information: On the one hand, khuwa production has helped to create employment opportunities and to make use of locally produced milk, on the other hand stakeholders have been facing problems in supplying khuwa by paying more money .

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

• Tradicional/Indígena

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Improving efficiency of production, ways of supply and marketing strategies)

The main aim of the Approach is to establish and maintain a Khuwa production factory, where traditional as well as modern technologies are being applied. That way employment is created for locals, locally produced milk is utilized and the overall economic situation of the region is improved.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Firstly, consistent maintaining of production rates can be difficult, due to unreliable supply of firewood (shortages, weather etc.).
Secondly, for employees the constant influence of smoke can lead to several irritations, although the instalment of impoved stoves has already led to an improvement of the working conditions.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem

	Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais	Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação	Participativo	Mr. Shomnath Ghimire initiated this approach, including involvement of locals
Planejamento	Participativo	locals, using own knowledge in production methods
Implementação	Participativo	locals, providing land and expertise
Monitoramento/avaliação	Participativo	discussion among the villagers.
Research	Nenhum

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:

• Somente usuários da terra (iniciativa própria)

Explique:

The applied technology (khuwa making) was already well-known and practised among locals, but for a long time only on a private basis. The establishment of a factory has lead to the collective purchase of locally produced milk as well as the production and supply of khuwa.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). Locals self-implemented the technologies under guidance of Mr. Shomnath Ghimire place, ward no. 2. Chyamrangbesi.

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:

• Usuários de terra
• Equipe de campo/consultores

Caso seja relevante, especifique gênero, idade, status, etnia, etc.

n/a

Tipo de formação:

• Em exercício
• Agricultor para agricultor
• Áreas de demonstração
• Reuniões públicas
• Cursos

Assuntos abordados:

Knowledge and expertise in the different processes of khuwa making

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Sim

Descreva/comentários:

Name of method used for advisory service: n/a

n/a

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?

• Não

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: observation of application of khuwa making methods

economic / production aspects were monitored by project staff, land users through observations

There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation

There were few changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: installation of improved cooking stoves to increase sustainability value of project

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Sim

Especifique os tópicos:

• Sociologia
• Economia/Marketing
• Tecnologia

Dê mais detalhes e indique quem realizou a pesquisa:

Research was done by the students of Kathmandu University.

Research was carried out on station

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:

• 10.000-100.000

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (n/a): 15.0%; government (n/a): 85.0%; international non-government (n/a); national non-government (n/a); private sector (minor involvement); local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (n/a); local community / land user(s) (mainly from land users); other (n/a)

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Sim

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

• Equipamento

• Agrícola

• Construção

• Infraestrutura

• Outro

Se a mão-de-obra pelos usuários da terra foi uma entrada substancial, isso foi:

• Pago em dinheiro

Comentários:

Rs 5000-6000 per month

Tools, Wood, others(milk) were fully financed by land users.

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Sim

Especifique as condições (taxa de juros, reembolso, etc):

Interest rate charged: 14.0%; repayment conditions: has to be paid off within 5 years..

Interest was equal to market rate.

Especifique os destinatários do crédito:

Mr. Shomnath Ghimire

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

• Incerto

Caso negativo ou incerto, especifique e comente:

As long as khuwa is being sold in sufficiently high amounts, expenses needed for milk, firewood, wages etc can be covered.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
Ashes after burning firewood can be used as organic material for soil
Reduced pollution (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Enhancing by wing modern machine which operates by electricity , and there would be no pollution.)
Increased economic condition

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Utilzation of milk
Unity among Villagers.
Improved economic condition (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: by sharing and passing on of existing knowledge)

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra	Como eles podem ser superados?
Scarcity of wood	New technologies should be implemented, which require less firewood
Difficult to ensure regular supply of milk	Domestication of Buffalo and cows.

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
Production of smoke by the use of wet wood.	Overcome by using dry wood
Damage of Khuwa in summer season in few days.	By storing khuwa refrigerator.

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação