1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da tecnologia

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/ avaliação da Tecnologia (se relevante)

Bureau of Soils and Water Management (Bureau of Soils and Water Management) - Filipinas

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

19/01/2006

O compilador e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através do WOCAT:

Sim

2.1 Descrição curta da tecnologia

Definição da tecnologia:

Planting of herbaceous plants or trees along property boundaries to serve as windbreaks and as sources of fodder and fuel

2.2 Descrição detalhada da tecnologia

Descrição:

The main characteristic of the technology is the planting of herbaceous crops, grasses or trees along property boundaries. The grasses and herbs are occassionally cut and served as fodder or fuel. The trees are allowed to grow up to maturity which will then be felled for timber (construction) or for boat making. With time, especially when trees are used for boudary planting, individual fields look like boxes from the air. The choice of plants between two adjacent farms is agreed upon by the two landowner.

Purpose of the Technology: The boundary planting serves as windbreak to protect agricultural crops from wind damage. Other uses are fodder and fuelwood. The planting especially when done along the contours also trapped eroded soil from the upper portions of the field.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Planting is done once. The herbs and grasses are regularly cut to serve as animal feed. Trees are allowed to grow to maturity. Dead branches are gathered to be used as fuel.

Natural / human environment: The area where the technology is applied is frequently visited by typhoons. The climate is maritime and even at times when there are no typhoons, wind speed is still strong enough to cause damage to crops. Susceptibility to wind damage is further agravated by the nature of the terrain which is mostly hilly.

2.3 Fotos da tecnologia

2.5 País/região/locais onde a tecnologia foi aplicada e que estão cobertos nesta avaliação

3.2 Tipo(s) atualizado(s) de uso da terra onde a tecnologia foi aplicada

Comentários:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Crop damage due to frequent typhoons and strong winds.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Low crop yield due to wind damage, poor crop quality and lack of market.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Corn, garlic or root crops are grown in separate fields. Corn is planted in December; garlic in September and rootcrops in July.

3.3 Mais informações sobre o uso da terra

Abastecimento de água para a terra na qual a tecnologia é aplicada:

• Precipitação natural

Especifique:

Longest growing period in days: 180Longest growing period from month to month: May - Dec

3.4 Grupo de GST ao qual pertence a tecnologia

• Quebra-vento/cerca de árvores

3.5 Difusão da tecnologia

Especifique a difusão da tecnologia:

• Uniformemente difundida numa área

Caso a tecnologia seja uniformemente difundida numa área, indique a área coberta aproximada:

• 10-100 km2

3.6 Medidas de GST contendo a tecnologia

3.7 Principais tipos de degradação da terra abordados pela tecnologia

Comentários:

Main type of degradation addressed: Et: loss of topsoil

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

4.2 Especificações técnicas/ explicações do desenho técnico

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: reduction in wind speed

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope length, improvement of ground cover

In blocks
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, C : perennial crops, G : grass
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 3, 5, 0.5

Trees/ shrubs species: Mahogany, native shrubs

Perennial crops species: Coconut

Grass species: Napier

4.3 Informação geral em relação ao cálculo de entradas e custos

4.4 Atividades de implantação

	Atividade	Tipo de medida	Periodicidade
1.	Seedling/planting	Vegetativo	beginning of rainy season

4.5 Custos e entradas necessárias para a implantação

Comentários:

Duration of establishment phase: 2 month(s)

4.6 Atividades recorrentes/manutenção

	Atividade	Tipo de medida	Periodicidade/frequência
1.	Removal of dead branches (trees)	Vegetativo	/twice a year
2.	Cutting (grass)	Vegetativo	/every two months

4.8 Fatores mais importantes que afetam os custos

Descreva os fatores mais determinantes que afetam os custos:

Perimeter length (m) of area to be treated/planted.

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografia

Comentários e outras especificações sobre a topografia:

Altitudinal zones: 0-100m a.s.l. (hills range from 70 to 270 meters altitude)
Landforms: hill slopes (slopes are gentle and gradual )

5.3 Solos

Caso disponível anexe a descrição completa do solo ou especifique as informações disponíveis, p. ex. tipo de solo, PH/acidez do solo, nitrogênio, capacidade de troca catiônica, salinidade, etc.

Soil fertility is medium: (1 to 2 years fallow period improves soil fertility)
Topsoil organic matter: 1-3% (Average O.M. content is 2 .0 percent)
Soil drainage is good to medium: (Medium only in depressions)
Soil water sotrage is medium: (soil is deep)

5.6 Características dos usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

Indique outras características relevantes dos usuários da terra:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

10% of the land users are very rich and own 5% of the land.
20% of the land users are rich and own 5% of the land.
5% of the land users are average wealthy and own 8% of the land.
60% of the land users are poor and own 80% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: Fishing

Level of mechanization: animal traction: Plowing, harrowing, furrowing

Market orientation: Market is practically non-existent

5.7 Média da área de terra própria ou arrendada por usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

6.1 Impactos no local mostrados pela tecnologia

Impactos socioeconômicos

Produção

Renda e custos

Impactos socioculturais

Impactos ecológicos

Ciclo hídrico/escoamento

Solo

Clima e redução de riscos de desastre

Outros impactos ecológicos

6.2 Impactos externos mostrados pela tecnologia

6.4 Análise do custo-benefício

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos de implantação (do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos recorrentes/de manutenção(do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

6.5 Adoção da tecnologia

Comentários:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

200 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Almost all the agricultural areas have adopted the technology

6.7 Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades da tecnologia

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
Low maintenance cost How can they be sustained / enhanced? Frequent removal of unnecessary foliage
Protect crops from wind damage How can they be sustained / enhanced? Maintenance of canopy and foliage
Improves soil fertility How can they be sustained / enhanced? Use vegetative parts as mulch.

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Easy to establish and maintain How can they be sustained / enhanced? Encourage adoption for other land users
Provides other benefits such as fodder and fuelwood. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Frequent cutting in the case of reeds/grasses to stimulate new growth.
Provides residue for organic matter build-up How can they be sustained / enhanced? Frequent cutting and spreading of vegetative parts
Trap for eroded soil How can they be sustained / enhanced? Close-spacing of trees and grass
Good for eco-tourism How can they be sustained / enhanced? Aggressive promotion and marketing

6.8 Pontos fracos, desvantagens/riscos da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra	Como eles podem ser superados?
Competition with crops for space	Use narrower strips for hedgerows
Shading effect of trees	Planting of "taro" in shaded area. Frequent cutting of branches

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
Loss of space for crops	Use narrower strips for windbreaks
Possible sanctuary for pests	Practice integrated pest management
Shading effect in the case of tree windbreaks	Use of shade tolerant crops. Trees should be pruned regularly.