1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da tecnologia

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/ avaliação da Tecnologia (se relevante)

Central Soil & Water Conservation Research & Training Institute - Índia

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/ avaliação da Tecnologia (se relevante)

Sahid Laxman Naik Development Society - Índia

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/ avaliação da Tecnologia (se relevante)

IDCWDP (IDCWDP) - Índia

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

20/08/2004

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

1.5 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre as abordagens da GST

2.1 Descrição curta da tecnologia

Definição da tecnologia:

Dugout sunken pond with catchment treatment.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da tecnologia

Descrição:

(1) Total size of the project area = 4.75 Ha.
(2) Different structures taken up in the project area are
(i) Brushwood check dam- 6 Nos.
(ii) Drop structure- 8 Nos.
(iii) Dugout sunken pond - 1 No.
(3) All the above structures were positioned to ridge to valley treatment
(Ref.QT-6/2.1.2/a)

Purpose of the Technology: 1) Storage of runoff for cattle and human use.
2) Construction of structures to check soil erosion and sand casting.
3) Pisciculture.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Establishment :-
1) SWC specialist selected sites for dugout sunken pond, layout the design.
2) SWC specialist also selected sites for drop structures, brushwood check
dams in gullied portion of project area with reference to vertical interval
of slope gradient and space between structures.
3) The execution of work were done by concerned villagers on payment basis.
4) During execution, 20% of the total cost of the dugout sunken pond was
contributed by the villagers in shape of labour.
5) Training on technical know how imparted to the villagrs during execution
of pond, bund, drop structure and brush wood check dam.
Maintenance:-
1) The dugout sunken pond requires (a) Desiltation once in two years (b)
Repair of earthern bund around inlet and outlet every year.
2) The drop structure & brushwood check dams requires little maintenance when
ever requires.
3) One management group has formed in the same village & funds has been
raised by doing pisciculture in the pond.
4) The management group is taking major reponsibility for its maintenance.

Natural / human environment: (1) Drainage line stablilized (2) Adjuscant area cultivated (3) Users group
formed and pisciculture taken up for the Ist time in the village.

2.3 Fotos da tecnologia

2.5 País/região/locais onde a tecnologia foi aplicada e que estão cobertos nesta avaliação

2.6 Data da implementação

Caso o ano exato seja desconhecido, indique a data aproximada:

• menos de 10 anos atrás (recentemente)

2.7 Introdução da tecnologia

Especifique como a tecnologia foi introduzida:

• através de projetos/intervenções externas

Comentários (tipos de projeto, etc.):

National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Area (NWDPRA)

3.1 Principal/principais finalidade(s) da tecnologia

• Melhora a produção

3.2 Tipo(s) atualizado(s) de uso da terra onde a tecnologia foi aplicada

Comentários:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion):
1) A fellow, undulating, gullied piece of land.
2) Acute sand casting at the down stream cropland.
3) About 40% of the project area were practicing local paddy which suffers from erratic rainfall.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): A piece of land which depends upon the mercy of the Rain God for annual production.

3.3 Mais informações sobre o uso da terra

Abastecimento de água para a terra na qual a tecnologia é aplicada:

• Precipitação natural

Número de estações de cultivo por ano:

• 1

Especifique:

Longest growing period in days: 150 Longest growing period from month to month: Jul - Nov

3.4 Grupo de GST ao qual pertence a tecnologia

• Coleta de água
• apicultura, aquacultura, avicultura, cunicultura, sericicultura, etc.

3.5 Difusão da tecnologia

Especifique a difusão da tecnologia:

• Uniformemente difundida numa área

Caso a tecnologia seja uniformemente difundida numa área, indique a área coberta aproximada:

• < 0,1 km2 (10 ha)

Comentários:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.0475 km2.

A fellow, understanding, gullied piece ofland selected for the technology which suffers from sand casting and uncertainity of rain.

3.6 Medidas de GST contendo a tecnologia

3.7 Principais tipos de degradação da terra abordados pela tecnologia

Comentários:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Main causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes - Coordination of traditional method of agricultural practices like along the slope, use of long term local varieity of seeds etc.), poverty / wealth (lack of captial)

Secondary causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (Erosion problem), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge), Common social practices

3.8 Redução, prevenção ou recuperação da degradação do solo

Especifique o objetivo da tecnologia em relação a degradação da terra:

• Prevenir degradação do solo
• Reduzir a degradação do solo

Comentários:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 Desenho técnico da tecnologia

4.2 Especificações técnicas/ explicações do desenho técnico

Aerial view of dugout sunken pond

Location: Siadimal, Korkonda. Malkangiri/Orissa/ India

Date: 15.3.2005

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope angle, water harvesting / increase water supply, Control of sand casting

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.15
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.45

Vegetative measure: In earthern bund slope
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): Compact
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 3.7

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: G : grass

Grass species: Vertivera and local grass slods

Structural measure: Sediment/Sand/Trap/brushwood check dam
Vertical interval between structures (m): 0.6
Spacing between structures (m): 10
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.5
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 3

Structural measure: Sediment/Sand/Trap/ drop structure
Vertical interval between structures (m): 9
Spacing between structures (m): 15
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.05
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 5.3
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 3

Structural measure: Dam/Pan/Dugout sunken pond
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 28/26/24/22
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 28/26/24/22

Structural measure: Bund/Trapizoidal
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.85
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 1.50+8.9/2
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 157

Construction material (earth): Soil excavated from pond is used to built bund around pond.

Construction material (stone): Inlet and outlet of pond and drop structure are made up of stone

Construction material (wood): Brush wood check dams are made up of wooden poles and bush wood.

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 3%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:41

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 Informação geral em relação ao cálculo de entradas e custos

Outro/moeda nacional (especifique):

Rupee

Indique a taxa cambial do dólar norte americano para a moeda local (se relevante): 1 USD =:

45,0

4.4 Atividades de implantação

	Atividade	Tipo de medida	Periodicidade
1.	Collection grass sods and vertivera slips	Vegetativo	beginning of rainy season
2.	Transporting grass sods on established banks	Vegetativo	beginning of rainy season
3.	Watering	Vegetativo	When dry in Ist. Season
4.	Dugout sunken pond-Surveying	Estrutural	Summer season
5.	Dugout sunken pond- soil excavated from pondage area used in trapizodical bund around leaving inlet & outlet portion.	Estrutural	Summer season
6.	Dugout sunken pond- Collection and transporting stone to inlet & outlet site	Estrutural	Summer season
7.	Dugout sunken pond- construction of inlet & outlet with stone	Estrutural	Summer season
8.	Dugout sunken pond- collection of local grass sods & vertiver slops	Estrutural	Onset of rain
9.	Dugout sunken pond- turfing the bund slopes and planting of vertiver slips in rows at up stream and down steam side of inlet and outlet	Estrutural	On set of rain
10.	Brushwood check dam- surveying	Estrutural	Summer season
11.	Brushwood check dam- collection of wooden poles and brush wood	Estrutural	Summer season
12.	Brushwood check dam- collection of picked up stones	Estrutural	Summer season
13.	Brushwood check dam- fixing of wooden pole, weiving with brush wood, filling up the gaps with picked up stones	Estrutural	Summer season
14.	Brushwood check dam- collection of vertiver slips and planting in upstream and downstream of each structure	Estrutural	On set of rain
15.	Drop structure- surveying	Estrutural	Summer season
16.	Drop structure- collection & transportation of stones to work spot	Estrutural	Summer season
17.	Drop structure- construction of drop structure with stones	Estrutural	Summer season
18.	Drop structure- collection of vertiver slips and planting at up stream and down stream of structure	Estrutural	On set of rain

4.5 Custos e entradas necessárias para a implantação

	Especifique a entrada	Unidade	Quantidade	Custos por unidade	Custos totais por entrada	% dos custos arcados pelos usuários da terra
Mão-de-obra	Labour	ha	1,0	225,0	225,0	14,0
Equipamento	Animal traction	ha	1,0	49,0	49,0
Equipamento	Tools	ha	1,0	4,0	4,0
Outros	Royalty charges for stones	ha	1,0	6,0	6,0
Outros	Fishery and feed	ha	1,0	9,0	9,0
Outros	Field bunding	ha	1,0	73,0	73,0	100,0
Outros	Water way	ha	1,0	6,0	6,0	100,0
Custos totais para a implantação da tecnologia					372,0

4.6 Atividades recorrentes/manutenção

	Atividade	Tipo de medida	Periodicidade/frequência
1.	Collecting vertiver slips & grass sods for gap filling	Vegetativo	Onset of rain /annual
2.	Collection of grass sods and gap fillling to bund layers	Estrutural	On set of rain/Annualy
3.	Desiltation	Estrutural	Before on set of rain/Biannualy

4.7 Custos e entradas necessárias pata a manutenção/atividades recorrentes (por ano)

	Especifique a entrada	Unidade	Quantidade	Custos por unidade	Custos totais por entrada	% dos custos arcados pelos usuários da terra
Mão-de-obra	Labour	ha	1,0	18,0	18,0	100,0
Outros	Field bunding	ha	1,0	2,0	2,0	100,0
Outros	Water way	ha	1,0	1,0	1,0	100,0
Custos totais para a manutenção da tecnologia					21,0

Comentários:

The above calculation is based on the total establishment/ recurring cost both born by the project and land users is devided by the total project area i.e 4.75 ha. To get average hect. cost.

4.8 Fatores mais importantes que afetam os custos

Descreva os fatores mais determinantes que afetam os custos:

Availability of stone affects the cost from implementing SWC

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografia

Comentários e outras especificações sobre a topografia:

Altitudinal zone: 101-500 m a.s.l. (423 m a.s.l.)
Landforms: Plateau/plains (2-7% slope)

5.3 Solos

Caso disponível anexe a descrição completa do solo ou especifique as informações disponíveis, p. ex. tipo de solo, PH/acidez do solo, nitrogênio, capacidade de troca catiônica, salinidade, etc.

Soil fertility: Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.6 Características dos usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

Indique outras características relevantes dos usuários da terra:

Population density: < 10 persons/km2
Annual population growth: < 0.5%
30% of the land users are average wealthy and own 60% of the land.
70% of the land users are poor and own 40% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: Land users from SWC technology area proctise contour plough, line sowing and using HYV paddy have increased their income significantly.
Level of mechanization: Manual labour and aniaml traction (bullock plough, both ranked 1)
Market orientation of production system: Pisciculture (Selling at village level)

5.7 Média da área de terra própria ou arrendada por usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

5.8 Propriedade de terra, direitos de uso da terra e de uso da água

Propriedade da terra:

• Comunitário/rural

Direitos do uso da terra:

• Acesso livre (não organizado)

6.1 Impactos no local mostrados pela tecnologia

Impactos socioeconômicos

Produção

Disponibilidade e qualidade de água

Impactos socioculturais

Impactos ecológicos

Ciclo hídrico/escoamento

Solo

Outros impactos ecológicos

6.2 Impactos externos mostrados pela tecnologia

6.4 Análise do custo-benefício

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos de implantação (do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos recorrentes/de manutenção(do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

6.5 Adoção da tecnologia

Entre todos aqueles que adotaram a tecnologia, quantos adotaram espontaneamente, ou seja, sem receber nenhum incentivo material/pagamentos?

• 90-100%

Comentários:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

19 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: If the community find the technology is low cost to teke up and gets eye catching benefits, then the treand of adoption is good.

6.7 Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades da tecnologia

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
Water problem for human and cattle solved How can they be sustained / enhanced? Regular maintenance of pond needed
Damage of crops reduced by construction of series of structures How can they be sustained / enhanced? More field bunding, vegetative cover should be imparted.
Users group brings villagers closure How can they be sustained / enhanced? Manageent group to be reorganised annuly

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Water scarcity of the area partly solved How can they be sustained / enhanced? Regular desilting shound be done.
Heavy sand casting and soil loss controled How can they be sustained / enhanced? More vegetative cover required for catchement area
Crop production increased in the project area How can they be sustained / enhanced? Should be replicated by the people.
Pisciculture added extra income to the villagers How can they be sustained / enhanced? Hybrid fingerlings to be adopted

6.8 Pontos fracos, desvantagens/riscos da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
Sand casting could not be checked fully	By full vegetative cover and more structural measures it can be checked.
Sediment deposit in down stream area decreased	The loss can be over come by increasing crop yield.

7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Watershed Survey Report

Disponível de onde? Custos?

Director of Soil Conservation, Orissa, Bhubaneswar

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Plan and Estimate

Disponível de onde? Custos?

-do-