1.2 Контактные данные специалистов и организаций, участвующих в описании и оценке Технологии

Название организации (-ий), содействовавших документированию/оценке Технологии (если применимо)

NGO BIOS (.) - Молдова, Республика

1.3 Условия, регламентирующие использование данных, собранных ВОКАТ

Когда были собраны данные (на местах)?

01/07/2010

Составитель и ответственный(-ые) специалист(-ы) согласны с условиями, регламентирующими использование собранных ВОКАТ данных:

Да

1.4 Декларация по устойчивости описываемой Технологии

Вызывает ли описанная здесь Технология проблемы деградации земель настолько, что ее нельзя назвать природосберегающей?

Нет

2.1 Краткое описание Технологии

Определение Технологии:

Integrated land and water management was promoted in order to improve agricultural production while reducing soil loss and nutrient discharge into water bodies. Technical assistance and financial support was provided for sustainable agricultural practices, including: nutrient management, conservation agriculture, integrated cropping management, agroforestry and wetland management.

2.2 Подробное описание Технологии

Описание:

Integrated land and water management was promoted in order to improve agricultural production while reducing soil loss and nutrient discharge into water bodies. Technical assistance and financial support was provided for sustainable agricultural practices, including:

1. Manure Management Practices:
Organic manure was substituted for inorganic fertilizer, and eight commune/village stores were constructed together with 1200 household stores and equipment provided for manure handling and field application. A monitoring database was made available.

2. Promotion of Environment-Friendly Agricultural Practices:
A well-documented pilot was completed and evaluated for replication, and 300 farmers then trained in the application of environment-friendly agricultural practices. The capacity of extension staff significantly improved. A monitoring system to determine the impact of practices on soil quality was installed and data collected.

3. Shrub and Tree Planting:
• 132 hectares of shelterbelts for water protection established; 112 hectares of improved anti-erosion forest belts set up; 50 hectares of improved pasture established; 484 hectares of the existing forests rehabilitated and properly managed; forest monitoring was incorporated into the general monitoring scheme.

4.Wetland Restoration and Promotion of Sustainable Management Practices:
The existing ecosystems were rehabilitated and ecologically well balanced. In this context two dams were built with a sluice gate system for the stabilization of water levels; three concrete bridges with adequate culvert capacity were installed for accessibility to different portions of the wetland; and 10 small wood bridges with culverts were built for access.

5 .Monitoring Soil and Water Quality and Environmental Impacts
Availability of water for downstream users and fisheries was increased, drinking water supplies was improved, there was increased quality and availability of groundwater for human and animal consumption, and simultaneously better productive lands with increased organic matter and carbon sequestration, as well as increased biodiversity.

Key Elements of the Manure Management System:
a. Segregation of inert and recyclable materials from livestock waste through the provision of a separate household waste container.
b. Improved manure stores for storage of waste at a single impermeable store at the household with enough storage for up to one month's production.
c. Transfer of waste from the farm store to a central site, using transport units then unloading it at the commune platform, to aerate the waste, promoting continued bacterial activity.
d. At the commune/village store level, the segregated inert materials deposited in designated bunkers.
e. At the commune/village store level, management of the household manure at the main bunker involving stacking in shaped windrow heaps three metres high.
f. Store the waste deep so that the areas getting wet from rainfall is minimised. Provide impermeable walls and floor to eliminate leaching.
g. Provide storage capacity for over the winter so that matured manure will be available for use on the land.

Key Elements of facilities at the Village Platform are:
a. Concrete area for the management of the manure.
b. Bunkers for the segregated household manure.
c. Collecting channel for runoff from the platform.
d. Storage pits and tanks with impermeable base and walls.
e. Security fencing.
f. Office / Staff facilities and Landscaping. Monitoring wells to check for leakages.

Overall results show that 8,250 farmers from both the project pilot area and other regions of Moldova had adopted at least one environmentally-friendly agricultural practice promoted by the project, and had implemented these on 14,028 ha of land.

2.3 Фотографии, иллюстрирующие Технологию

2.5 Страна/ регион/ места, где применяется Технология, информация о которых собрана в данной Анкете

3.1 Основные цели и задачи реализации Технологии

• повышение производства
• снижение или предотвращение деградации земель, восстановление нарушенных земель
• сохранение экосистем
• защита бассейнов рек (приводораздельной части/ нижнего течения) – в сочетании с другими Технологиями
• сохранение/ повышение биоразнообразия
• снижение риска стихийных бедствий
• создание благоприятных экономических условий

3.2 Текущий(-ие) тип(-ы) землепользования на территории, где применяется Технология

3.3 Дополнительная информация о землепользовании

Обеспеченность водой участков, где реализуется Технология :

• сочетание богарных и орошаемых земель

Число урожаев за год:

• 1

Поясните:

1 growing season per year for rainfed and 2 growing seasons per year for irrigated areas

3.4 Категория УЗП, к которой относится Технология

• лесное хозяйство в лесопосадках
• ротационная система (севооборот, парование, переложное использование)
• Комлексное земледельческо-животноводческое хозяйство

3.5 Распределение Технологии по площади

Охарактеризуйте пространственное распространение Технологии :

• равномерно-однородное применение на определенной площади

Если Технология равномерно применяется на той или иной территории, укажите ее приблизительную общую площадь:

• > 10 000 км2

Пояснения:

8,250 farmers from both project pilot area and other regions of Moldova that adopted at least one environmentally friendly agricultural practice promoted by the project implemented on as much as 14,028 ha of land in total.

3.6 Мероприятия УЗП, выполняемые в рамках Технологии

3.7 Основные проблемы деградации земель, на решение которых направлена Технология

3.8 Предотвращение и снижение деградации земель, или восстановление нарушенных земель

Укажите цель Технологии по отношению к деградации земель :

• предотвращение деградации земель
• восстановление/ реабилитация нарушенных земель

4.1 Технический рисунок, иллюстрирующий Технологию

4.2 Спецификация / пояснения к техническому рисунку

Schematic structure of village platform: Length - 48 m, Width - 36 m, Height - 3 m, Capacity - 3400 tons, Storage period - 5 months

Schematic structure of household platform: Length - 2.2 m, Height - 1.2 m, Capacity - 4.8 c.m., Storage period - 1 month.

At village level, the project supported the construction of waste storage platforms of 3400 tonnes capacity and a storage period of 5 months. The platform has 48 m length and 36 m width. It is surrounded by a concrete 3 m high wall and bedded by a concrete floor with an impermeable insolating membrane. The platform is equipped with a bunker for inert material and a basin for collection of liquid fraction. The platform is built on the commune land (administrated by the Mayoralty) in full compliance with the environmental protection requirements.
At the household-level 150 platforms were built. The platforms have 2.55 m3 and a storage period of one month. The platform capacity was calculated based on estimated quantity of manure for an average household with at least two cattle, two-three pigs and a certain number of poultry. The designed platform consists of a simple open fronted store with a concrete floor and 1.5 m height walls. In front of the platform, a concrete below ground tank (125 dcm3 volume) covered by a wood lid with a plastic basket inside of 50 liters capacity for collection of liquid fraction would be equipped. A separate small capacity container (about 90 liters) for the collection of recyclable and non-recyclable household wastes was also provided.

4.4 Мероприятия, необходимые для начала реализации

	Деятельность	Тип мероприятия	Сроки
1.	Packages developed for manure management at village and household level and evaluated for replication
2.	Public awareness & education
3.	Use of good agricultural practices by farmer associations, family farms and individual farmers on cropland.
4.	Monitoring & evaluation.

4.7 Стоимость поддержания/ текущего обслуживания ( в год)

Если землепользователем оплачено менее 100% затрат, укажите, кем покрывались остальные затраты:

The Project

5.1 Климат

5.2 Рельеф

Укажите, приурочено ли применение Технологии к специфическим условиям:

• не имеет значения

Комментарии и дополнительные сведения по условиям рельефа/ топографии :

The territory belongs to the Central Moldova Height and the Plain of Upper Prut. The landscape is hilly, very fragmented with a dense network of valleys, hollows and plains. Almost 75% of the land is situated on slopes. Water erosion processes are widespread and quite intense. The predominant length of the hillsides in Negrea pilot area is 800-900 m.

5.3 Почвы

Если возможно, приложите полное описание почв или укажите доступную информацию, например тип почв, рH/ кислотность почв, ёмкость катионного обмена, содержание азота, содержание солей и т.д.

Chernozems (black soils) prevail in the soil composition (65% of the area) divided into argilo-illuvial and carbonate subtypes. These soils are perfectly suited for agriculture. They are friable, permeable, have good water and air saturation and are easy to till. Chernozems are rich in organic matter (3-4% humus content), however they are degraded. Alluvial soils are spread in the floodplain of the Lapusna river and its tributaries. alluvial soils are often subject to salinization and water logging.

5.4 Доступность и качество воды

Является ли солёность воды проблемой?

Да

Поясните:

high water mineralisation

Происходят ли периодические затопления территории?

Да

Регулярность:

эпизодически

5.5 Биоразнообразие

5.6 Характеристика землепользователей, применяющих Технологию

Укажите другие важные характеристики землепользователей:

The principal activity in the commune is agriculture. The farmers cultivate arable crops, grapes and fruits. From vegetables, pea and bean plantations, cabbage, cucumber, tomatoes, beats and carrots are most usual. Potatoes are predominantly cultivated on the households’ plots. There are two small economic units dealing with wood processing and meat production activating under the umbrella of the local farmer’s association, “SRL Negrea-Pomvit”. |
The income of the people depends much on the harvest and climatic conditions, but also on imbalances of the market, import policies, governmental purchases, etc. The estimated average income per capita in the community over the last 3 years was 45 US dollars per month.

5.7 Средний размер земельных участков, арендуемых или находящихся в собственности землепользователей, применяющих Технологию

5.8 Собственность на землю, права на земле- и водопользование

Землевладелец:

• общинная/ поселковая
• индивидуальная, оформленная в собственность

Право землепользования:

• общинное (контролируемое)
• аренда

Право водопользования:

• неограниченное (неконтролируемое)
• индивидуальное

5.9 Доступ к базовым услугам и инфраструктуре

6.1 Влияние Технологии УЗП в пределах территории ее применения

Социально-экономическое воздействие

Продуктивность

Доступность и качество воды

Экологическое воздействие

Водный цикл/ поверхностный сток

Почвы

Биоразнообразие: растительность, животный мир

6.2 Влияние Технологии за пределами территории ее применения

Коммментарий по оценке влияния:

he Social Survey indicated an improved environmental situation in LPA in comparison to other rural localities. Some problems in LPA are not so acute as there were in 2002, especially soil erosion, aquatic reservoirs pollution and quality of potable water, which demonstrates the efficiency of APCP P|
The fact that over 50 % of the respondents from Lapusnita Pilot Area consider APCP implementation has a positive impact on life, health and environment, shows that APCP contributed substantially to the improving the economic, social and ecological conditions, especially in LPA. The acknowledged impa|
It is expected that the project will be scaled up at the national level and facilities for waste management will be improved in all communities; the value of manure will be appreciated and used as fertiliser, wetlands will be restored; environment-friendly practices, including reintroducing trees wi|
The level of applied good agricultural practices in LPA is higher than in other communities of the country and has increased as compared to 2003. Farmers apply more organic fertilizers (by 13%), forest belts (10%), strip cropping (9%) and less mineral fertilizers (17%).

ACSA organized 90 seminars. People from all districts attended the training seminars. Survey data show that 90 % of the participants in seminars intended to apply GAP.
Over 3,000 farmers adopted at least 1 of GAP in Lapusnita Pilot Area and over 12,000 outside LPA. The total area, where environmentally-friendly practices were applied was 28,275 ha.

6.3 Подверженность и чувствительность Технологии УЗП к постепенным изменениям климата и экстремальным погодным явлениям/ стихийным бедствиям, связанным с изменением климата (в понимании землепользователей)

Пояснения:

Healthy organisms are adapted easily to various conditions. In this way agro-ecosystems having soils and water with improved properties (due to application of good agricultural practices) with adequate management practices will have also positively impact on climate change adaptation.
Due to the fact that Good Agricultural practices improve soil and water qualities, they create very good conditions for the development of soil biodiversity and wild biodiversity in farming landscapes. Due to the reduction of pollution landscapes become more healthy and also is very beneficial for the agricultural biodiversity.
Permanent vegetated strips established at field and stream riparian boundaries and in water courses will create conditions for the development of biodiversity.|
Conventional agriculture is the major contributor to increasing of methane and nitrous oxide concentrations in earth's atmosphere. Aforestation and soil conservation technologies are one of the main sink of carbon dioxide. In this way good agricultural practices have a positively impact on climate change mitigation.

6.4 Анализ эффективности затрат

Насколько получаемый результат сопоставим с первоначальными вложениями (с точки зрения землепользователей)?

Насколько получаемый результат сопоставим с текущими расходами по поддержанию технологии (с точки зрения землепользователей)?

6.5 Внедрение Технологии

• 10-50%

Если возможно, дайте количественную характеристику (число домохозяйств и/или площадь применения):

8,250 farmers from both project pilot area and other regions of Moldova

Среди применяющих Технологию землепользователей, какова доля лиц, применяющих её по собственной инициативе, т.е. без какого-либо материального стимулирования со стороны?

• 10-50%

6.6 Адаптация

Была ли Технология УЗП изменена в недавнее время с целью адаптации к меняющимся условиям среды?

Нет

6.8 Слабые стороны/ недостатки/ риски Технологии и пути их преодоления

Слабые стороны/ недостатки/ риски по мнению землепользователей	Возможные пути их преодоления/снижения?
Farmers did not calculate properly expenses and benefits.	They should be provided simple instruments to calculate their inputs and to plan for future activity.
Agricultural literature is too difficult for rural people to understand.	Knowledge should be provided in an accessible manner. Small guides should exist for separate crops with drawings and schemes.

7.1 Методы сбора/ источники информации

7.2 Ссылки на опубликованные материалы

Название, автор, год публикации, ISBN:

Guidelines for Good Agricultural Practices (Practici agricole prietenoase mediului). Îndrumar: /Ungureanu V., Cerbari V., Magdîl A., Gherman E.- Chişinău: Tipografia Centrală, 2006. – 96 p.

Где опубликовано? Стоимость?

http://www.acsa.md/album.php?l=ro&idc=152&t=/GALERIE-FOTO/Practici-agricole-prietenoase-mediului

7.3 Ссылки на материалы, доступные онлайн

Название/ описание:

Moldova - Agricultural Pollution Control Project (English)

Адрес в сети Интернет:

http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/117701468287732017/Moldova-Agricultural-Pollution-Control-Project