1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD) {'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 155, 'label': 'Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - Switzerland', 'template': 'raw'}

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Maintaining colonies of honey bees within trees and shrubs for environmental conservation and household income.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Integrated apiculture and forestry technology is promoted and practiced by farmers with small, medium or large scale land holdings of 0.5 acres to 10 with an average of 5-28 local bee hives or more. The farmer may decide to increase the number of the beehives when he sells honey and he gets income.
The farmer (1) identifies the land with trees and shrubs where Local wooden bee hives made in rectangular shape are cited in a distance of not less than 5 -10 metres from one hive to the other (2) Clean the surrounding to reduce the weeds around the cited area (3) cite the beehives within the tree and shrubs (4) keep monitoring bush fires and thieves.
The necessary labour requirements for establishment of this technology include wooden beehives made locally and 4 people to install the bee hives who are paid on daily or monthly basis depending on request.
The benefits from this SLM technology are slightly negative due to the high costs of local bee hives at the time of establishment but positive in the long term of environmental conservation, honey provision and increased income from the sale of honey in addition to using local materials obtained locally associated with low costs.
Wild fires are a common threat during the dry seasons and in order to overcome this issue, it is needed to constantly keep monitoring and establish fire lines to guard against the wild fires

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.4 Videos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

2013

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS ) supported with training.

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
• conserve ecosystem
• mitigate climate change and its impacts
• create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Conserved for bee keeping with selective felling and firewood.

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• forest plantation management
• beekeeping, aquaculture, poultry, rabbit farming, silkworm farming, etc.

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• reduce land degradation

Comments:

No cultivation that take place where the bee hives are installed. This reduces and prevents degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology area

other/ national currency (specify):

UGX

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

3400.0

4.3 Establishment activities

	Activity	Timing (season)
1.	Site selection (location, distance)	Once before establishment
2.	Look for labour to clear	Once before estsblishment/ can be routine
3.	Clear the sorrounding	During establishment/ Routine
4.	Buy the local wooden bee hives	Once during establishment
5.	Installation of the beehives	During establishment

Comments:

The farmerrelies on family labour to install the bee hives.

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Persons days on monthly basis	persons	4.0	150000.0	600000.0	100.0
Equipment	Bee hives	Pieces	25.0	75000.0	1875000.0	100.0
Other	Transport for bee hives	Number	1.0	250000.0	250000.0
Other						100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					2725000.0

Comments:

High cost of buying local wooden bee hives compared to labour and transport cost.

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Timing/ frequency
1.	Slashing	Twice a year
2.	Making fireline to pevent fires	Once a year but this requires maintanance
3.	Monitoring	Daily
4.	Supervision	Daily

Comments:

Replacement of bee hives is done when the bee hives are spoilt / stolen but this may take longer time without replacement.

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Persons days for slashing, making fireline, monitoring	persons	4.0	150000.0	600000.0	100.0
Other	Transport	1	1.0	250000.0	250000.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					850000.0

Comments:

High costs of labour for maintaining the technology compared to other inputs.

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Purchase of bee hives.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

• concave situations

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

Is water salinity a problem?

No

Is flooding of the area occurring?

No

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Owns a shop from which she derives more income.
The technology is applied by both men and women but majorly by men. Women use hired men to provide labour.

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, not titled

Land use rights:

• open access (unorganized)
• individual

Water use rights:

• communal (organized)

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Climate and disaster risk reduction

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

Specify assessment of off-site impacts (measurements):

Generally the protected trees where the beehives are installed have a positive impact on the environment because no destructive human activities are taking place

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	increase or decrease	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		decrease	well
seasonal temperature	wet/ rainy season	decrease	well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
forest fire	moderately

Biological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
insect/ worm infestation	well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

Comments:

High costs for buying beehives and paying labour compared to benefits which are rather low in the long term associated with obtaining income from the sale of honey.

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• single cases/ experimental

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

This is a demosntration for farmers learning.

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 11-50%

Comments:

The farmer is a model farmer supported by Operation Wealth Creation. So farmers are encouraged to come and learn without any incentive like transport or any other addtional support.

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

No

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Helps control soil erosion because the land user does not dig where the bee hives are established.
Provide income from the sale of honey.
Can easily be replicated to other areas.
Uses locally obtained materials.
Easy to establish and maintain with minimum costs when the farmer has enough money.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
The technology uses materials which are locally obtained.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Requires technical knowledge on spacing and processing wax which is 20% of total honey produced.	Provide training to the land user on how to add value to the wax.
The technology is liked by pests (obusinsibirizi) in the local language.	Training on how to control pests for increased production .
Thieves like stealing the honey. The technology is a good attraction for thieves.	Facilitate formation of local level by-laws and enforcement of strong fines and bylaws.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Affected by Wild fires.	Promote firebreaks to guard against fires.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information