1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - Switzerland

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

10/05/2017

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

Comments:

Crop rotation enhance soil fertility since different plant consume different plant nutrients.

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

The improved variety of cassava known as Nafe14 is grown on a gentle slope. Animal traction was used to plough 43 acres of land. The land was initially used for growing soya beans. The cassava garden has some trenches dug across so to control flooding and soil erosion. By this a high moisture content is retained in the soil. This cassava species is drought resistant.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Crop rotation is the growing of different crops in the same piece of land year after year. This land user grows Cassava (Manihota esculenta) and Soy beans (Glycine max). in the field. The improved cassava variety (Nafe 14) was planted in 2015 on 43 acres during rainy season. The planting hole was dug 6 inches (square) in length and 6 to 10 inches depth, spaced at one meter distance.

The cassava stem is cut at 6 inch length and the planting may be done immediately as the holes are dug. If the area has termites then it should rain into the planting hole and later should stay for two days after which planting should be done. This is because the rain should seal the termites traces in order to protect the cassava stem from being destroyed by termites. Cassava growing protects the soil from erosion, is a source of income and protects land from wrangles.

Weeding is constantly done to control weed and to promote high yields.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.4 Videos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

2015

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation

Comments (type of project, etc.):

The land user obtained the cassava stems from Agago District Local Government which, again was being supplied by Operation Wealth Creation.

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
• preserve/ improve biodiversity
• reduce risk of disasters
• adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
• create beneficial economic impact
• create beneficial social impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

Comments:

There is need for irrigation during dry season.

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 1

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• rotational systems (crop rotation, fallows, shifting cultivation)

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• < 0.1 km2 (10 ha)

Comments:

cassava growing is sustainable in terms of soil conservation.

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

The methods protects the soil from both human-induced- and natural causes of degradation.

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• reduce land degradation

Comments:

The mentods conserves soil moisture and nutrients.

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

The improved cassava variety (Nafe 14) was planted in 2015 on 43 acres during rainy season. The planting hole was dug 6 inches (square) in length and 6 to 10 inches depth, spaced at one meter distance.

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology area

other/ national currency (specify):

UGX

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

3500.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Acquiring cassava stems from Operation Wealth Creation	Agronomic	dry season
2.	Clearing the land by tractor	Agronomic	onset of rainy season
3.	Planting using hired labour	Agronomic	rainy season

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Hired labour	acres	43.0	48000.0	2064000.0	100.0
Equipment	Tractor for ploughing	hours	48.0	20000.0	960000.0	100.0
Equipment	Ox-plough	hours	48.0	20000.0	960000.0	100.0
Equipment	Axes	piece	10.0	7000.0	70000.0	100.0
Equipment	Hoes	piece	20.0	12000.0	240000.0	100.0
Plant material	Cassava cuttings	acres	43.0	20000.0	860000.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					5154000.0

Comments:

Cassava cuttings were provided free of charge by the local government.

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	Weeding	Agronomic	wet season
2.	Fire line	Agronomic	dry season

Comments:

Fire out breaks during dry season may destroy cassava gardens

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Weeding	acre	43.0	2500.0	107500.0	100.0
Equipment	Hoes	piece	60.0	12000.0	720000.0	100.0
Equipment	Pangas	piece	60.0	7000.0	420000.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					1247500.0

Comments:

The land user has adequate capital to invest in cassava growing.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

• not relevant

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

Is water salinity a problem?

Yes

Specify:

salty and rusty borehole

Is flooding of the area occurring?

No

5.5 Biodiversity

Comments and further specifications on biodiversity:

Wild rats, birds all coexist in the garden.

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

The land user owns 80 cattle, goats, chickens and turkeys.

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, not titled

Land use rights:

• individual

Water use rights:

• communal (organized)

Comments:

The land owner should acquire land title to reduce land related conflicts.

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	moderately
seasonal temperature	dry season	increase	moderately
annual rainfall		decrease	moderately
seasonal rainfall	wet/ rainy season	decrease	moderately

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	moderately
local thunderstorm	moderately
local hailstorm	moderately
local windstorm	moderately

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
drought	moderately

Biological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
epidemic diseases	moderately
insect/ worm infestation	moderately

Comments:

Cassava growing is a sustainable land management practice.

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

Comments:

Cassava has high demand due to hunger facing the communities.

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• 1-10%

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

15 households

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 90-100%

Comments:

Cassava growing is a traditional way of earning income and provide food to the family.

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

Yes

If yes, indicate to which changing conditions it was adapted:

• changing markets

Specify adaptation of the Technology (design, material/ species, etc.):

Improved high yielding cassava variety planted to earn income.

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Very good at providing income after selling cassava and soya bean
Very easy to replicate

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Source of employment for both small, medium and large scale farmers.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Invites thieves during hunger period	Tight security in the garden
The variety take long to mature
Cassava is prone to disease	Spraying with herbicide

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Expensive to establish and maintain the garden	Employing low costs labour

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Intercropping and crop rotations in cassava cultivation: a production systems approachThomas W. Kuyper, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; and Samuel Adjei-Nsiah,

7.3 Links to relevant information which is available online

Title/ description:

Field stability of cassava, maize, soya bean and cowpea intercrops DAPAAH, H K; ASAFU-AGYEI, J N; ENNIN, S A; YAMOAH, C.  The Journal of Agricultural Science; Cambridge Vol. 140, Iss. 1, (Feb 2003): 73-82.

URL:

https://www.proquest.com/docview/203707559