Specify the spread of the Technology:

• applied at specific points/ concentrated on a small area

Is/are the technology site(s) located in a permanently protected area?

Yes

If yes, specify:

Part of his land parcels is located inside boundaries of Krajinski park Ljubljansko barje /Ljubljana Moor Landscape park. Park takes a lot of actions to secure peat soils. This almost 16,000 hectares large marshy plain is marked by an interminable mosaic of grasslands, broadleaf woodlands, fields, ditches and hedges.
http://www.ljubljanskobarje.si/?lang=en

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incorporating organic residues in top-soil layer to increase organic matter"}, "image_location": {"en": "Podlipa, Vrhnika, Slovenia"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Matja\u017e Glavan"}}], "qg_links": [{"links_url": {"en": "http://www.digitalna-knjiznica.bf.uni-lj.si/du1_ograjsek_simon.pdf"}, "links_title": {"en": "OHRANITVENA OBDELAVA TAL \u2013STANJE V SLOVENIJI"}}, {"links_url": {"en": "http://www.kmetzav-mb.si/Lombergar_18/Lomb_5_2_18.pdf"}, "links_title": {"en": "Izzivi uvajanja konzervirajo\u010de (ohranitvene) obdelave tal"}}, {"links_url": {"en": "http://www.kgzs-ms.si/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/STAJNKO_NOVE-TEHNOLOGIJE.pdf"}, "links_title": {"en": "NOVE TEHNOLOGIJE IN SODOBNI TRENDI OBDELOVANJA TAL"}}, {"links_url": {"en": "https://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-LTCNTC4J"}, "links_title": {"en": "Ohranitvena obdelava : primerjava lastnosti mehansko obdelanih in neobdelanih prsti"}}, {"links_url": {"en": "http://www.szoort.si/"}, "links_title": {"en": "SZOORT - Slovensko zdru\u017eenje za ohranitveno obdelavo in rodovitnost tal"}}, {"links_url": {"en": "https://www.program-podezelja.si/sl/247-eup/izmenjevalnik-idej/seznam-izzivov/759-ohranitveni-obdelave-tal"}, "links_title": {"en": "Ohranitveni na\u010din obdelave tal"}}], "qg_photos": [{"image": "2a0c8c39-67b5-4e8c-b31a-3d6c7b005d50", "image_date": "01/09/2017", "image_caption": {"en": "Soil surface after direct seeding of the field using conservation tillage and the incorporation of mulched residues (mulch-till)"}, "image_location": {"en": "Slovenia"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Rok Miheli\u010d"}}, {"image": "7ed13ad2-9801-4b4c-8779-21df9b516421", "image_date": "12/04/2017", "image_caption": {"en": "4-row disc harrow in conservation tillage (mulch-till)"}, "image_location": {"en": "Slovenia"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Rok Miheli\u010d"}}, {"image": "5be54f70-bfcf-4991-9489-f3d9bb9b1c79", "image_date": "12/04/2017", "image_caption": {"en": "Seeder for cereals, oilseed rape in conservation tillage (mulch-till)"}, "image_location": {"en": "Slovenia"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Rok MIheli\u010d"}}, {"image": "6a799047-1618-4a2e-bf74-07e537db4d8f", "image_date": "13/09/2019", "image_caption": {"en": "4-row disc harrow for conservation tillage (mulch-till) - in action"}, "image_location": {"en": "Podlipa, Vrhnika, Slovenija"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Matja\u017e Glavan"}}, {"image": "9b33c276-89a2-4de9-ba79-fc007ac08cab", "image_date": "13/09/2019", "image_caption": {"en": "Farmer Anton Mrzlikar standing at 4-row disc harrow for conservation tillage (mulch-till)"}, "image_location": {"en": "Podlipa, Vrhnika, Slovenija"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Matja\u017e Glavan"}}], "qg_videos": [{"video_date": "04/12/2017", "video_location": {"en": "Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LJubljana"}, "video_vimeo_id": 358032653, "video_description": {"en": "This is a simulation of abundant summer rain and its impact on the tilled soils in terms of water infiltration capacity and erodibility. The result of this simulation is presented very clearly. It shows the difference between long-term conventional versus conservation soil tillage.\r\nConventional tillage ploughs the top 25-28 cm of the soil at least once or twice a year. The soil is inverted, its structure breaks down and the surface is left bare. The first raindrops break the structural aggregates causing soil surface siltation and blockage of the soil pores. Thus vertical water flow is blocked and redirected as surface runoff, causing distinct erosion. If fertilizers and pesticides are used, the water flow will transport them, along with the soil particles, to surface waters where they cause pollution or surface ponding on the fields. This leads to an uneven distribution of substances across the field surface.\r\nIn conservation tillage (mulch-till), a shallow, 10 cm layer of topsoil is mixed with organic residues which are thus retained near and on the surface. In this way, soil structure is reinforced with good soil water infiltration and absorption. Despite heavy rainfall, the soils do not show any signs of erosion. There is no surface flow. Water drains into the soil vertical flow where it is available to the plants."}, "video_videographer": {"en": "Rok Miheli\u010d, Marko Zupan, Matja\u017e Glavan - Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana"}}, {"video_date": "12/04/2017", "video_location": {"en": "Slovenia"}, "video_vimeo_id": 358039082, "video_description": {"en": "Presenting 4-row disch harrow in action."}, "video_videographer": {"en": "Rok Miheli\u010d, Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana"}}, {"video_date": "12/04/2017", "video_location": {"en": "Slovenia"}, "video_vimeo_id": 358039555, "video_description": {"en": "Presening seeder (cereals/oilseed rape) in action and condition of soil surface after tillage and seeding."}, "video_videographer": {"en": "Rok Miheli\u010d, Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana"}}], "tech_qg_1": [{"tech_definition": {"en": "Conservation tillage with incorporated mulched plant residues (mulch-till) of harvested crop or a green manure that are part of the rotation). Crop residues are partially incorporated/mixed in topsoil layer (down to 10 cm) using a disc harrow, chisel plough, sweeps, field cultivators, that leave more than 30% of the soil surface covered with crop residue. Technology contributes to less soil disturbance, increase of soil organic matter, better soil structure and better water holding capacity of soils."}}], "tech_qg_2": [{"tech_description": {"en": "1. The technology of conservational tillage with incorporated mulched plant residues (mulch-till) is applied in flatlands around the Municipality of Vrhnika with an average altitude of 290 m.a.s.l. Average annual precipitation is 1400 mm. The area is characterized with often stormy precipitation events and occasional summer droughts. A farmer applies this technology on various soil types from silty loam to silty clay Gleysol to organic Histosol soils (peat). Soils in the area are generally moderately deep to deep with medium soil organic matter (Gleysol) of 3-7% or with a high share of organic matter (Histosol) of >20% (Ljubljana moors). The area has good availability of surface water and groundwater of good drinking quality. Gleysol areas are drained (drainage systems) to prevent floods to enable cultivation. Histosol areas are drained (open-channel drainage systems) to enable arable crop production. However, due to high groundwater and many surface water sources, certain areas are regularly flooded during flood events mostly in late autumn, winter and spring. Salinity is not a problem due to high precipitation and leaching. Farmer practices rotational agriculture. Less than 5% of income coming from off-farm activities. The examined farm household has an average wealth and is fully mechanized/motorized. the farm has good access to services and infrastructure. The examined farm is medium in scale with land partly owned by the land user and partly leased from other private owners.The general biodiversity of the area is medium on Gleysols to high on Histosol where nature protection Landscape Park of Ljubljansko Barje (The Ljubljana Moors Landscape Park) is located. \r\n\r\nPart of the farmers land parcels is located inside boundaries of Krajinski park Ljubljansko barje /Ljubljana Moor Landscape park. Park takes a lot of actions to secure peat soils. This almost 16,000 hectares large lowland marshy plain is marked by an interminable mosaic of grasslands, broadleaf woodlands, fields, ditches and hedges.\r\n\r\nThe farmer decided to abandon conventional ploughing technology and to start with conservational tillage technology when he noticed that the organic layer of peat soils in these areas started to become thinner. Farmer introduced this technology to preserve peat soils of Ljubljana Moors on his parcels in 2015. With ploughing, peat was mixed and decomposing - mineralise. In 18th-century peat layers of up to 2m depth were exploited for the same use as firewood. Only shallow layers of peat soil (up to 1 m) are still covering agricultural areas. As peat is a source of fertility farmers are seeking ways of preserving it. Farmer Anton Mrzlikar took a lead and started with conservational tillage with incorporated mulched plant residues (mulch-till).\r\n\r\nVideo https://vimeo.com/97415985 presents the effects of conservational tillage with incorporated mulched plant residues (mulch-till) on soil stability. This is a simulation of abundant summer rain and its impact on the tilled soils in terms of water infiltration capacity and erodibility. The result of this simulation is presented very clearly. It shows the difference between long-term conventional versus conservation tillage (mulch-till). Conventional tillage ploughs the top 25-28 cm of the soil at least once or twice a year. The soil is inverted, its structure breaks down and the surface is left bare. The first raindrops break the structural aggregates causing soil surface siltation and blockage of the soil pores. Thus vertical water flow is blocked and redirected as surface runoff, causing distinct erosion. If fertilizers and pesticides are used, the water flow will transport them, along with the soil particles, to surface waters where they cause pollution or surface ponding on the fields. This leads to an uneven distribution of substances across the field surface.\r\nIn conservation tillage (mulch-till), a shallow, 10 cm layer of topsoil is mixed with organic residues which are thus retained near and on the surface. In this way, soil structure is reinforced with good soil water infiltration and absorption. Despite heavy rainfall, the soils do not show any signs of erosion. There is no surface flow. Water drains into the soil vertical flow where it is available to the plants.\r\n\r\n2. The farmer usees of 4-row-disk harrow tillage machinery (vario-disc) on arable fields for all crop types. When cultivating fields he crosses fields 1 - 2 times (depends on soil moisture). Every few years he uses chisels to break and shatters (aerate) the soils (depends on crop type - cereals and drought years). After main/first crop he seeds various cover crops (if fodder is needed they harvested it otherwise is used for green manure). He uses manure 30-40 t/ha. He applies typical dairy cow farm rotation (cereals/maize/soya/grass-clover mix). Cover crops are classified as rapes, cereals, oats, grass-clover, grass.\r\n\r\n3. The main function is an increase of organic matter, retain water, increase soil biodiversity, stabilise soil structure in the soils and reduce water erosion, as well as reduce energy consumption and costs. This leads to better (1) productivity due to nutrients slow-release, (2) better water holding capacity and (3) decreased soil compaction threat. The technology was introduced to prevent decomposition of organic matter on Ljubljana moor peat soils. \r\n\r\n4. Major inputs needed to establish is to change machinery and to gain new knowledge and experiences. They had to buy 4-row disc harrows, chisels plough and new seeders (maize). Seeding machines for cereals and oilseed rape are hired from other farmers. It is important that soils are covered all year round. Soils must be dry when cultivated.\r\n\r\n5. The benefits are (1) increase in soil organic matter, (2) increase soil water holding capacity, (3) to maintain soil productivity, (4) increase in yields quantity and quality, (5) reduce energy consumption, (6) reduce workload - 3-4 times less time used for cultivation, (7) reduce costs.\r\n\r\n6. Land users like (1) reduced workload and energy consumption, (2) positive impact on soil fertility and stability, (3) preserves organic matter - decrease peat soils decomposition, (4) as soils need to be covered all the time they produce more feed for cows, (5) smooths surface fields, (6) with disc harrow is easy to till soils even when residues are present on fields, (7) less soil compaction\r\nLand users dislike: (1) investment cost for new machinery are high, (2) time to change in doing things and practice, (3) on clay soils (Gleysol) surface ponding is occurring, (4) soils need to be drier for tilling in comparison to ploughing."}}], "tech_qg_3": [{"tech_sites_considered": "sites_considered_10_100"}], "tech_qg_4": [{"tech_spread_tech": "tech_spread_points"}], "tech_qg_5": [{"tech_who_implemented": ["implementation_innovation"], "tech_who_implemented_comments": {"en": "Farmer introduced this technology to preserve peat soils of Ljubljana Moors on his parcels in 2015. With ploughing, peat was mixed and decomposing - mineralise. In 18th-century peat layers of up to 2m depth were exploited for the same use as firewood. Only shallow layers of peat soil (up to 1 m) are still covering agricultural areas. As peat is a source of fertility farmers are seeking ways of preserving it. Farmer Anton Mrzlikar took a lead and started with mulch-till."}}], "tech_qg_6": [{"tech_main_purpose": ["main_purpose_degradation", "main_purpose_adaption", "main_purpose_economic"]}], "tech_qg_8": [{"tech_measures": ["tech_measures_agronomic"]}], "tech_qg_9": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_cropland"]}], "qg_sources": [{"sources_used": ["source_field", "source_interviews_landusers", "source_interviews_experts"]}], "tech_qg_10": [{"tech_crop_rotation": 1, "tech_intercropping": 0, "tech_growing_seasons": "growing_season_1", "tech_lu_cropland_sub": ["lu_cropland_ca"], "tech_crop_rotation_specify": {"en": "cereals/maize/soy/grass-clover mix, additionally cover crops after main crop (soil must be covered all year round"}, "tech_lu_cropland_cropping_system": "cropping_system_420", "tech_lu_cropland_annual_cropping_crops": ["annual_crops_429"], "tech_lu_cropland_annual_cropping_crops_other": {"en": "cereals - maize - legumes - grass-clover mix"}}], "tech_qg_19": [{"tech_watersupply": "tech_watersupply_rainfed"}], "tech_qg_20": [{"tech_slm_group": ["tech_slm_group_soildisturbance"]}], "tech_qg_21": [{"tech_agronomic_tillage": "tillage_reduced", "tech_measures_agronomic_sub": ["measures_agronomic_a2", "measures_agronomic_a3"]}], "tech_qg_27": [{"tech_degradation": ["degradation_erosion_water", "degradation_physical"]}], "tech_qg_28": [{"degradation_erosion_water_sub": ["degradation_wt"]}], "tech_qg_31": [{"degradation_physical_sub": ["degradation_pc", "degradation_ps"]}], "tech_qg_35": [{"tech_prevention": ["intervention_reduce_ld"], "tech_prevention_comments": {"en": "It is impossible to prevent degradation in the form of peat soil mineralisation in agricultural soils."}}], "tech_qg_37": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "EUR/piece"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 6500.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "chisel plow material (home made)"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 6500.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "EUR/piece"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 2500.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "seeder fo cover crops"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 2500.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 50.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "EUR/piece"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 7500.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "seeder for maize"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 7500.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 50.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "EUR/piece"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 23000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "4-row disk harrow"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 23000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 50.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "EUR/piece"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 12.5, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "sprayer"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 12.5, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 25.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "EUR/piece"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 2500.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "GPS navigation"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 2500.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "EUR/ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 50.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "hire seeder for cereals"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 15.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 750.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_43": [{"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "6 time per year, before or after use of equipment"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Maintenance of 4-disc harrow"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "before use nozzels check, after use cleaning"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Maintenance of Spayer"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "before and after use"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Maintenance of seeder for maize"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "before and after use"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Maintenance of seeder for cover crops"}}], "tech_qg_45": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "hour"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 6.25, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Maintenance of 4-disc harrow"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 6.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 37.5, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "hour"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 6.25, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Maintenance of Spayer"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 6.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 37.5, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "hour"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 6.25, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Maintenance of seeder for maize"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 4.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 25.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "hour"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 6.25, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Maintenance of seeder for cover crops"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 6.25, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_46": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "cartridge"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 5.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Lubricant cartridge for4-disc harrow"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 18.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 90.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "nozzel"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 4.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Nozzels for Spayer"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 20.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 80.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "cartridge"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 5.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Lubricant cartridge for seeder for maize"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 4.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 20.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "cartridge"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 5.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Lubricant cartridge for seeder for cover crops"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 5.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_52": [{"tech_input_maint_comments": {"en": "There is a big difference between conventional and conservation tillage in time spend cultivating fields.\r\nFarmer estimates reduction in workload (no ploughing) for 3-4 times in comparison to the conventional ploughing system.\r\nFarmer points out an increase in green mass yield (clover, grass) due to cover crops which can be used as feed for livestock or green manure. He said that the most important part of this conservational system (mulch-till) is to prevent weeds to germinate, and that's why soil needs to be covered at all times.\r\nHe also states that top and subsoil layers are loose. \r\nHe states that he still uses the same amount of plant protection products. \r\nThe use of herbicides and fertilisers is at the same range as before the shift in practice, but he expects improvements in the future when he will further enhance knowledge on crop types, rotation and cover crops."}}], "tech_qg_54": [{"tech_rainfall": ["tech_rainfall_1001_1500"]}], "tech_qg_55": [{"tech_agroclimatic_zone": ["tech_agroclimatic_zone_humid"], "tech_agroclimatic_zone_specifications": {"en": "Heavy summer thunderstorms and showers. Local precipitation."}}], "tech_qg_56": [{"tech_slopes": ["tech_slopes_flat"], "tech_landforms": ["tech_landforms_valleyfloors"], "tech_altitudinalzone": ["tech_altitudinalzone_100_500"]}], "tech_qg_57": [{"tech_convex_concave": "topography_not_relevant"}], "tech_qg_58": [{"tech_soil_depth": ["tech_soil_depth_deep"], "tech_topsoil_organic": ["tech_topsoil_organic_high"], "tech_soil_texture_20cm": ["tech_soil_texture_fine"], "tech_soil_texture_topsoil": ["tech_soil_texture_fine"]}], "tech_qg_59": [{"tech_soil_comments": {"en": "Organic matter on Gleysol is around 6% and on Histosol (peatland) more than 30%. Bellow the peatland is clay (called \"pol\u017earica\", or \"snail clay\")"}}], "tech_qg_60": [{"tech_groundwater": "tech_groundwater_less_5m", "tech_surfacewater": "tech_surfacewater_good", "tech_waterquality": "tech_waterquality_agriculturaluse", "tech_waterquality_referring": "tech_waterquality_ref_surface"}], "tech_qg_61": [{"tech_salinization": 0}], "tech_qg_63": [{"tech_flooding": 1}], "tech_qg_64": [{"tech_flooding_regularity": "tech_flooding_episodically"}], "tech_qg_65": [{"tech_water_comments": {"en": "On Ljubljana moor, seasonal floods are occurring regularly due to the high water table."}}], "tech_qg_66": [{"tech_habitatdiversity": "measure_high", "tech_speciesdiversity": "measure_high"}], "tech_qg_67": [{"tech_biodiversity_comments": {"en": "This true especially for the Ljubljana moor."}}], "tech_qg_71": [{"tech_gender": ["gender_women", "gender_men"], "tech_wealth": ["tech_wealth_average"], "tech_individuals": ["individuals_individual"], "tech_age_landusers": ["tech_age_children", "tech_age_middle", "tech_age_elderly"], "tech_mechanisation": ["mechanisation_mechanised"], "tech_offfarm_income": ["offfarm_income_0_10"], "tech_sedentary_nomadic": ["sedentary_sedentary"], "tech_market_orientation": ["tech_market_orientation_commercial"]}], "tech_qg_72": [{"tech_land_size": ["tech_land_size_50_100"], "tech_land_comments": {"en": "83 ha of agricultural land and 7 ha of forest"}, "tech_land_size_relative": ["tech_size_mediumscale"]}], "tech_qg_73": [{"tech_ownership": ["tech_ownership_individualtitled"], "tech_landuserights": ["tech_userights_leased", "tech_userights_individual"], "tech_wateruserights": ["tech_userights_individual"], "tech_traditional_rights": 1}], "tech_qg_75": [{"tech_ownership_comments": {"en": "2/3 of land is hired from The Farmland and Forest Fund of the Republic of Slovenia"}}], "tech_qg_76": [{"tech_impacts_cropproduction": 4}], "tech_qg_78": [{"tech_impacts_cropquality": 4}], "tech_qg_79": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "It increased due to the fact that soil has to be covered at all times (grass, clover, cover crops) to retain soil moisture and prevent soil erosion and to provide an optimal living condition for soil life (fauna, flora). Previously the land was left bare after harvesting cereals until autumn or even spring."}, "tech_impacts_fodderproduction": 5}], "tech_qg_80": [{"tech_impacts_fodderquality": 5}], "tech_qg_81": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Due to more fodder, the farmer managed to increase the number of livestock (dairy cows)."}, "tech_impacts_animalproduction": 5}], "tech_qg_85": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Due to the fact that soils are not ploughed anymore, a farmer has in wet years (more precipitation in a short period of time, especially in the springtime) problems on organic marshland and clay gley soils being fully saturated. This causes a reduction in the germination of seeds and weaker growth of plants due to hypoxia."}, "tech_impacts_productionfailure": 3}], "tech_qg_86": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "More different types of cover crops in production. Some are used as nitrogen fixators or for loosening the soils with deep rots."}, "tech_impacts_productdiversity": 5}], "tech_qg_88": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The land management simplified due to fewer machines needed and less time need for land cultivation and soil preparation."}, "tech_impacts_landmanagement": 5}], "tech_qg_93": [{"tech_input_est_comments": {"en": "Cost for hiring seeder is calculated for 15ha as cereals cover 15ha of arable land."}, "tech_input_est_remaining_costs": {"en": "50% - Agency for agricultural payments (EU funds); 25% - sharred among farmers"}}], "tech_qg_95": [{"tech_input_determinate_factors": {"en": "The starting cost - The type of machinery is needed that has to be robust and heavy to much-till and seed into the soil.\r\nThe machinery must be in use to return a profit. Working hours are reduced now (no ploughing). Machine operators with more competences can reduce costs."}}], "qg_location": [{"country": "country_SVN", "state_province": {"en": "Central Slovenia"}, "further_location": {"en": "Podlipa, Vrhnika. This specific farmer applies this technology on Ljubljansko barje, othewise is applied all over Slovenia"}}], "tech_qg_103": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Less petrol nedeed for land cultivation."}, "tech_impacts_expenses": 5}], "tech_qg_104": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "More livestock means more income."}, "tech_impacts_farmincome": 5}], "tech_qg_107": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Workload decreased due to abandoning of ploughing."}, "tech_impacts_workload": 5}], "tech_qg_115": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The farmer observed positive impacts and seeks for more knowledge on this topic to improve its practice."}, "tech_impacts_slmknowledge": 5}], "tech_qg_121": [{"tech_impacts_surfacerunoff": 5}], "tech_qg_124": [{"tech_impacts_evaporation": 5}], "tech_qg_125": [{"tech_impacts_soilmoisture": 5}], "tech_qg_126": [{"tech_impacts_soilcover": 5}], "tech_qg_127": [{"tech_impacts_soilloss": 5}], "tech_qg_129": [{"tech_impacts_soilcrusting": 5}], "tech_qg_130": [{"tech_impacts_soilcompaction": 5}], "tech_qg_131": [{"tech_impacts_nutrientcycling": 5}], "tech_qg_133": [{"tech_impacts_soilorganicmatter": 5}], "tech_qg_140": [{"tech_impacts_biomass": 5}], "tech_qg_141": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Difficult to quantify. An increase in soil organic matter has an impact on CO2 sequestration."}, "tech_impacts_emissioncarbon": 5}], "tech_qg_156": [{"tech_sustainability": 0}], "tech_qg_160": [{"tech_implementation_year": 2015, "tech_implementation_decades": "implemenation_less_10"}], "tech_qg_163": [{"tech_perarea_size": {"en": "30 ha"}}], "tech_qg_164": [{"tech_input_average_wage": {"en": "50 EUR"}, "tech_input_exchange_rate": 0.9, "tech_input_national_currency": {"en": "EUR"}}], "tech_qg_165": [{"tech_est_timing": {"en": "two year before implemenation, dry soil."}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Preparation of fields: Leveling depressions, reconstruction of drainage channels, using chisels to loose, break and aerate soil in deeper layers"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "1st year"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Purchase of 4-row disc harrow"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "1st year"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Purchase of seeder for maize"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "1st year"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Purchase of seeder for cover crops"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "1st year"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Hire seeder for cereals (wheat, barley)"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "2nd year"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Home made chisel plow for loosening the soil"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "3rd year"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Purchase of spraying machine"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "3rd year"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Purchase of GPS navigation system"}}], "tech_qg_166": [{"tech_est_comments": {"en": "The agricultural technology activities are listed in chronological order. Rotation cycle takes 3 years"}}], "tech_qg_167": [{"tech_impacts_vegcover": 5}], "tech_qg_168": [{"tech_exposure_incrdecr": "increase", "tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}], "tech_qg_169": [{"tech_exposure_season": "season_summer", "tech_exposure_incrdecr": "increase", "tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}], "tech_qg_170": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}], "tech_qg_171": [{"tech_exposure_season": "season_spring", "tech_exposure_incrdecr": "increase", "tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_181": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_positive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_slightlynegative"}], "tech_qg_182": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_positive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_slightlypositive"}], "tech_qg_183": [{"tech_costbenefit_comments": {"en": "Benefits are on short term slightly negative due to investment costs, but in the long term they are positive - they pay off.\r\nMaintenance benefits are positive for short as well as on long-term returns as less machinery and less land management activities is needed."}}], "tech_qg_184": [{"country": "country_SVN", "person_gender": "gender_male", "person_lastname": {"en": "Mrzlikar"}, "person_firstname": {"en": "Anton"}, "person_institution_name": {"en": "Family farm"}, "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_landuser"}], "tech_qg_185": [{"tech_drawing": "69779ad4-df5e-4634-a6d1-da2365a27cae", "tech_drawing_date": "01/09/2017", "tech_drawing_author": {"en": "Matja\u017e Glavan, Rok Miheli\u010d"}}], "tech_qg_191": [{"tech_adoption_quantify": {"en": "Only one farmer in the area that uses this technology. On the map you can observe his fields. In the last year many of his collegues observed advantages of this technology and hires his machinery as agriculture service of tillage. In majority of times before cover crops seeding."}, "tech_adoption_percentage": "adoption_percentage_singlecases"}], "tech_qg_199": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}], "tech_qg_202": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}], "tech_qg_217": [{"tech_cost_calculation_base": "tech_input_calc_per_area"}], "tech_qg_220": [{"tech_impacts_droughtimpacts": 5}], "tech_qg_222": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs": 42762.5}], "tech_qg_223": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs": 301.25}], "tech_qg_226": [{"tech_access_roads": 2, "tech_access_water": 3, "tech_access_energy": 3, "tech_access_health": 3, "tech_access_markets": 3, "tech_access_education": 3, "tech_access_financial": 3, "tech_access_employment": 3, "tech_access_techassistance": 3}], "tech_qg_230": [{"tech_adaptation_yes": 0}], "tech_qg_232": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs_usd": 47513.89}], "tech_qg_233": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs_usd": 334.72}], "tech_qg_234": [{"tech_location_protected": 1, "tech_location_protected_specify": {"en": "Part of his land parcels is located inside boundaries of Krajinski park Ljubljansko barje /Ljubljana Moor Landscape park. Park takes a lot of actions to secure peat soils. This almost 16,000 hectares large marshy plain is marked by an interminable mosaic of grasslands, broadleaf woodlands, fields, ditches and hedges.\r\nhttp://www.ljubljanskobarje.si/?lang=en"}}], "tech_qg_235": [{"tech_lu_mixed": 0}], "tech_qg_237": [{"tech_initial_landuse_changed": "initial_landuse_changed_no"}], "tech_qg_250": [{"date_documentation": "10/05/2019"}], "qg_location_map": [{"location_map": "{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1567679524688,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[14.296760953611559,45.99014956499127]},\"properties\":null},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1567679445495,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[14.336422957085063,45.99025442055256]},\"properties\":null},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1567679496054,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[14.344118035978505,45.99764798471995]},\"properties\":null},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1567679473974,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[14.35473958367748,45.995411981770076]},\"properties\":null},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1567679490870,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[14.352550901121328,45.99666415455323]},\"properties\":null},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1567679385481,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[14.326268471295242,45.97273032993775]},\"properties\":null},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1567679300554,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[14.29639939170542,45.98340707751797]},\"properties\":null},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1567679550872,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[14.306331075376695,45.98598996370208]},\"properties\":null},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1567679561769,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[14.293456472105209,45.985885596926096]},\"properties\":null},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1567679214600,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[14.264513290936385,45.985542179267014]},\"properties\":null},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1567679418715,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[14.324578322075302,45.984797685695526]},\"properties\":null}]}"}], "qg_sources_field": [{"sources_specify": {"en": "1 farmer"}}], "qg_funding_project": [{"funding_project": 1017}], "qg_accept_conditions": [{"accept_conditions": 1}], "qg_strengths_compiler": [{"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Cost and time reductions are substantial - 3-4 times less in comparsio to conventional - ploughing."}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Farmers became aware of the importance of conservation soil management and its impact on soil properties and finally on the process of production-chain (soil-feed-milk).\r\nWith proper shaping of knowledge (advising, education) - Conservational tillage has the potential to develop into the direction of organic farming."}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Soil structure and fertility improve"}}], "qg_funding_institution": [{"funding_institution": 1186}], "qg_strengths_landusers": [{"strengths_landuser": {"en": "Reduction of workload (no ploughing, less time spent on the field)"}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "Change in farmers mindset is longlasting; they are forced to gain new knowledge on technology impact on soil condition\r\nWith more knowledge and better handling of technology, the cost of maintenance and time spent in the field can reduce significantly."}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "Increase in green mass yield (clover, grass) - it can be used as feed for livestock or green manure. \r\nSoil covered all year round + residues impact increase in soil organic matter, soil water content, biological activity, soil structure, less soil compaction."}}], "qg_weaknesses_compiler": [{"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "Farmers still need to use herbicides as weeds are a problem especially in the early stage of crop growing (narrow-leaf) and in the last stage when crops go into senescence and light gets to the ground (broad-leaf)."}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "As this is a conventional type of farm, they use herbicides. However, with the promotion of organic agriculture, the expansion of vegetable production, and innovations in GPS and sensors technology hoeing/weeding machines/equipment is getting popular. \r\nThis problem is even more problematic in light/alluvial soils."}}, {"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "Surface ponding on heavy soils is a problem in case of longlasting rain periods in spring, which are due to climate change more often in the described area."}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "It is crucial to use chisel plow in this soils to break soil layers deeper and provide drainage potential of this soils. \r\nIn light alluvial soils, this problem is not observed."}}, {"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "When a farmer in under Slovenian agricultural conditions decides to change from conventional to conservation tillage, it has to change all machinery."}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Farmers need to get as much as possible information on technology. Farmers have to make a business plan. EU funds can help with subsidy payments for investments on the farm (approx. 50-60%)."}}], "qg_weaknesses_landusers": [{"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "On heavy soils (Glaysoils) surface ponding can occur if the farmer is not experienced with using technology."}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Observe weather regularly and follow meteorological forecasts. Try to avoid wet periods."}}, {"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "Weed may be a problem in the warmer part of the year, mainly after cereals are harvested."}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "They use herbicide and adapt or improve crop types in rotation."}}, {"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "Peatland on Ljubljana moor. There are small parcels and soil in springtime is wet prohibiting to cultivate at any time (high water table)."}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Observe weather regularly and follow meteorological forecasts. They have to observe soil water content conditions periodically at peatland parcels."}}], "qg_sources_interviews_experts": [{"sources_specify": {"en": "1 specialist"}}], "qg_sources_interviews_landusers": [{"sources_specify": {"en": "1 farmer"}}]}>, 'map_url': '/en/wocat/technologies/view/technologies_5494/map/', 'template': 'raw'}