Specify the spread of the Technology:

• applied at specific points/ concentrated on a small area

{'is_geometry': True, 'configuration': 'technologies', 'additional_translations': {}, 'key': 'Map', 'value': '{"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"type":"Feature","id":1489735712524,"geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-72.46513366699219,19.03449009091497]},"properties":null},{"type":"Feature","id":1489735712525,"geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-72.85454750061035,18.372563465707188]},"properties":null}]}', 'questionnaire_object': <Questionnaire: {"qg_name": [{"name": {"en": "Protection of water resources", "fr": "Protection des sources d'eau"}}], "qg_image": [{"image": "96128f76-17db-40c2-98d1-55f1ad49bfb4", "image_date": "13/09/2016", "image_target": "52,58", "image_caption": {"en": "Fencing around a protection zone of a water resource, before revegetation.", "fr": "Cl\u00f4ture autour d'une zone de protection d'une source d'eau, avant la rev\u00e9g\u00e9talisation"}, "image_location": {"en": "Source of Remonssaint, 6th section of Verrettes, Haiti", "fr": "Source de Remonssaint, 6\u00e8me section de Verrettes, Ha\u00efti"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Helvetas Haiti", "fr": "Helvetas Haiti"}}], "qg_links": [{"links_url": {"en": "https://assets.helvetas.org/downloads/capex_hsi_protection_des_source_vlongue.pdf", "fr": "https://assets.helvetas.org/downloads/capex_hsi_protection_des_source_vlongue.pdf"}, "links_title": {"en": "Boire l\u2019eau et penser \u00e0 la source (long version)", "fr": "Boire l'eau et penser \u00e0 la source (version longue)"}}, {"links_url": {"en": "https://assets.helvetas.org/downloads/capex_hsi_protection_des_sources_vcourte.pdf", "fr": "https://assets.helvetas.org/downloads/capex_hsi_protection_des_sources_vcourte.pdf"}, "links_title": {"en": "Boire l\u2019eau et penser \u00e0 la source (short version)", "fr": "Boire l'eau et penser \u00e0 la source (version courte)"}}], "qg_photos": [{"image": "accbcba3-f113-43e4-b623-2b877715eb9d", "image_caption": {"en": "Erosion control structures", "fr": "Protection anti-\u00e9rosive"}, "image_location": {"en": "Municipality of Verrettes, Haiti", "fr": "Commune de Verrettes, Ha\u00efti"}}, {"image": "6c3e959f-d3ba-445d-b98d-7954f7304399", "image_caption": {"en": "Physical protection of a water intake point", "fr": "Protection physique d'un captage"}, "image_location": {"en": "Municipality of Verrettes, Haiti", "fr": "Commune de Verrettes, Ha\u00efti"}}, {"image": "ea897135-e018-4880-813b-c1994161474d", "image_date": "20/10/2015", "image_caption": {"en": "Protection measures upstream of a collecting area", "fr": "Mesures de protection en amont d'un captage"}, "image_location": {"en": "Municipality of Petit-Go\u00e2ve", "fr": "Commune de Petit-Go\u00e2ve"}}], "tech_qg_1": [{"tech_definition": {"en": "The protection of water resources is essential for the supply of drinking water in the rural zones of Haiti, by enabling to preserve the water quality and facilitate the recharge of the resource. Organizing the actors related to the water resource and to the economic, environmental and communal challenges is crucial. This implies, apart from management, the implementation of various technical measures.", "fr": "La protection des sources est essentielle \u00e0 l'approvisionnement d'eau potable dans les zones rurales d'Ha\u00efti, en permettant \u00e0 la fois de pr\u00e9server la qualit\u00e9 de l'eau et en facilitant le renouvellement de la ressource. L'organisation des acteurs autour de la source et de ses enjeux sanitaires, \u00e9conomiques, environnementaux et communautaires est cl\u00e9, ceci implique au del\u00e0 de la g\u00e9stion l'impl\u00e9mentation de differentes mesures techniques."}}], "tech_qg_2": [{"tech_description": {"en": "The majority of water resources in Haiti is subject to bacterial contamination, which endangers the health of the consumers. The infrastructure for the abstraction and conveyance of water is periodically put to the test by the large variation of discharge, like floods, but also by low flows. The protection of water resources aims to strengthen local actors to better manage water resources. The objective is to take care of the protection of water resources at local level according to rules which are established and accepted by the actors with regard to legal, sociocultural and biophysical aspects.\r\n\r\nThe protection of water resources also implies that technical measures are implemented to conserve and protect catchments, in order to ensure the quality and quantity of the required water and the recharge of groundwater bodies. The technical measures are defined for different zones. Three categories of zones are established with specific restrictions and recommendations, and formalized in a municipal decree which is published by the town councils. A first zone of 1000 m2 directly upstream of the water resource is brought into the domain of the state, fenced, reforested and totally protected from human activities. \r\nIn a second zone of a minimum of 5 ha upstream of the resource, restrictions to the use of the terrain apply, notably with regard to defecation, free-range livestock farming and other harmful human activities, in order to protect the soil and the water quality. The terrain is managed so as to guarantee a good conservation of the soils by reforestation (agroforestry) with different varieties of fruit trees and timber. A third zone can be established if supported by the community, with restrictions on slash-and-burn and free-range grazing, as well as means to preserve the soils and to manage the vegetation cover. This latter zone can cover the whole catchment, and is meant to promote groundwater recharge. The restoration of the catchment through the zoning and the implementation of physical structures includes different techniques such as vegetative barriers and stone walls. \r\n\r\nThe restrictions on the use of zone 2 are not necessarily in contrast with the interests of the producers. It turns out that the rainfed crops are too much exposed to climatic hazards, and that forestry is a more reliable alternative. Therefore they perceive the development and reforestation of their land as an exploitation of their heritage, and as a profitable investment in the long term, when they will be able to manage the exploitation of the trees and their fruit production. In the first two years, a total maximum grant of 400 USD per ha is paid to the producers in different terms, depending on the success of the conservation activities. These experiences have inspired the setting of national standards on the protection of drinking water resources.", "fr": "La grande majorit\u00e9 des eaux de sources en Ha\u00efti pr\u00e9sentent des contaminations bact\u00e9riennes qui mettent la sant\u00e9 des consommateurs en danger. Les infrastructures de captage et d\u2019adduction sont p\u00e9riodiquement mises \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve par la haute variation de d\u00e9bits, tels que des crues, mais aussi par de d\u00e9bit d'\u00e9tiage minime. Le protection de sources vise a renforcer les acteurs locaux pour une meilleure gestion des resources d'eau, sous objectif \u00e0 une prise en charge locale de la protection des sources selon des r\u00e8gles \u00e9tablies et accept\u00e9es par les acteurs dans les dimensions l\u00e9gales, socioculturelles et biophysiques. \r\nLa protection implique aussi l'implementation de measure techniques pour la conservation et protection des bassin versant pour assurer la qualit\u00e9 et quantit\u00e9 d\u2019eau nec\u00e9saure et et garantir la recharge des nappes. Ces mesures techniques sont d\u00e9finis en fonction d'um mod\u00e9le de zonage. Ainsi trois cat\u00e9gories de zones sont \u00e9tablies avec des restrictions et recommandations sp\u00e9cifiques, rassembl\u00e9s dans un arr\u00eat\u00e9 communal publi\u00e9 par les Mairies: \r\nUne premi\u00e8re zone de 1000 m2 en amont directe de la source est rapatri\u00e9e dans le domaine de l\u2019\u00e9tat, cl\u00f4tur\u00e9e, rebois\u00e9e et totalement prot\u00e9g\u00e9e des activit\u00e9s humaines. Dans une deuxi\u00e8me zone d\u2019un minimum de 5 hectares en amont de la source, il y a des restrictions d\u2019usage de terrain - notamment la d\u00e9f\u00e9cation, l\u2019\u00e9levage libre et autres activit\u00e9s anthropiques n\u00e9fastes - afin de prot\u00e9ger le sol et la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019eau. Les terrains sont am\u00e9nag\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 garantir une bonne conservation des sols par des reboisements (agroforesterie) avec diff\u00e9rentes vari\u00e9t\u00e9s fruiti\u00e8res et de bois d\u2019\u0153uvre. Une troisi\u00e8me zone peut \u00eatre mise en place selon l\u2019engagement de la communaut\u00e9, avec des restrictions quant au brulis et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9levage libre, ainsi que des moyens de pr\u00e9servation des sols et de gestion de la couverture v\u00e9g\u00e9tale. Cette derni\u00e8re zone peut couvrir l\u2019ensemble du bassin versant, et est destin\u00e9e \u00e0 favoriser la recharge de la nappe.\r\nLa restauration du bassin versant avec la d\u00e9limitation des zones et la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019ouvrages physiques recouvre diff\u00e9rentes techniques telles que des barrieres v\u00e9g\u00e9tales et les murets en pierre s\u00e8che. \r\nLes restrictions d\u2019usages de la zone 2, ne vont pas n\u00e9cessairement contre les int\u00e9r\u00eats des producteurs. Il s'av\u00e8re que les cultures pluviales sont trop expos\u00e9es aux al\u00e9as climatiques, et que la sylviculture est une alternative plus fiable. Ils voient donc l\u2019am\u00e9nagement et le reboisement de leur parcelle comme une valorisation de leur patrimoine, et un investissement rentable \u00e0 plus long terme, lorsqu\u2019ils seront en mesure de g\u00e9rer l\u2019exploitation des arbres et/ou de leur production fruiti\u00e8re. Dans les deux premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, des primes totales maximum de 400 USD dollars par hectare sont vers\u00e9es aux producteurs en plusieurs \u00e9ch\u00e9ances, selon la r\u00e9ussite de la conservation.\r\nCes exp\u00e9riences ont inspir\u00e9 les normes nationales en mati\u00e8re de protection des sources d\u2019eau potable."}}], "tech_qg_3": [{"tech_sites_considered": "sites_considered_10_100"}], "tech_qg_4": [{"tech_spread_tech": "tech_spread_points"}], "tech_qg_5": [{"tech_who_implemented": ["implementation_externally"], "tech_who_implemented_comments": {"en": "Support and incentives through various projects from HELVETAS, in particular projects focused on water services, risk management and support to local governance.", "fr": "Accompagnement et incitation \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents projets d'HELVETAS, notamment des projets focalis\u00e9s sur le service de l'eau, la gestion des risques et l'appui \u00e0 la gouvernance locale"}}], "tech_qg_6": [{"tech_main_purpose": ["main_purpose_degradation", "main_purpose_protect_watershed", "main_purpose_disasters", "main_purpose_adaption", "main_purpose_economic", "main_purpose_social"]}], "tech_qg_7": [{"tech_lu_comments": {"en": "Number of growing seasons per year: 2\r\nTwo agricultural seasons with different crop species", "fr": "Nombre de p\u00e9riode de croissance par an: 2\r\nDeux p\u00e9riodes agricoles, avec diff\u00e9rentes esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales"}}], "tech_qg_8": [{"tech_measures": ["tech_measures_vegetative", "tech_measures_structural", "tech_measures_management"]}], "tech_qg_9": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_grazingland", "tech_lu_forest"]}], "qg_sources": [{"sources_used": ["source_field", "source_interviews_landusers", "source_compilation"]}], "tech_qg_11": [{"tech_lu_grazingland_animals": ["animals_55"], "tech_lu_grazingland_extensive": ["tech_lu_grazingland_ranching"], "tech_lu_grazingland_animals_other": {"en": "cattle", "fr": "cattle"}}], "tech_qg_12": [{"tech_lu_forest_type": ["lu_forest_natural", "lu_forest_plantation"], "tech_lu_forest_natural": ["lu_forest_selectivefelling"], "tech_lu_forest_products": ["tech_lu_forestproducts_timber", "tech_lu_forestproducts_fuelwood"], "tech_lu_forest_plantation": ["tech_lu_tree_mixed"]}], "tech_qg_19": [{"tech_watersupply": "tech_watersupply_rainfed"}], "tech_qg_20": [{"tech_slm_group": ["tech_slm_group_groundcover", "tech_slm_group_crossslope", "tech_slm_group_groundwater"]}], "tech_qg_22": [{"tech_measures_vegetative_sub": ["measures_vegetative_v1"]}], "tech_qg_23": [{"tech_measures_structural_sub": ["measures_structural_s1", "measures_structural_s2", "measures_structural_s6"]}], "tech_qg_24": [{"tech_measures_management_sub": ["measures_management_m1"]}], "tech_qg_27": [{"tech_degradation": ["degradation_erosion_water", "degradation_biological", "degradation_water"]}], "tech_qg_28": [{"degradation_erosion_water_sub": ["degradation_wt", "degradation_wg", "degradation_wo"]}], "tech_qg_32": [{"degradation_biological_sub": ["degradation_bc", "degradation_bf"]}], "tech_qg_33": [{"degradation_water_sub": ["degradation_hg", "degradation_hq"]}], "tech_qg_35": [{"tech_prevention": ["intervention_prevent_ld", "intervention_reduce_ld"]}], "tech_qg_36": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "person days", "fr": "1ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 6.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Afforestation, gully correction, land management, fencing", "fr": "reboisement, correction de ravine, am\u00e9nagements, construction des cl\u00f4tures"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 300.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 1800.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_37": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"fr": "1ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 80.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "shovel, hammer, etc.", "fr": "Mat\u00e9riel de formation"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 80.0}], "tech_qg_38": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "average per site", "fr": "moyenne par site"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 100.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Seedlings (lump sum for grass and bushes for slope stabilization)", "fr": "Plantules (lump sum for grass / bushes for slope stabilisation)"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 100.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 4.0}], "tech_qg_39": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "average per site", "fr": "moyenne par site"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 200.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Cement, iron, PVC, piles", "fr": "Ciment, fer, PVC, pieux"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 200.0}], "tech_qg_40": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "lump sum", "fr": "lump sum"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 300.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Acquisition of zone 1 (1000 m2)", "fr": "Acquisition de la zone 1 (1000 m2)"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 300.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "site", "fr": "site"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 200.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Rehabilitation and legalization (zone 1)", "fr": "Rapatriement et l\u00e9galisation (zone 1)"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 200.0}], "tech_qg_43": [{"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "after the rainy seasons (two times per year)", "fr": "apr\u00e8s les \u00e9pisodes de pluies ( deux fois par an)"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Maintenance of physical structures (dry stone walls, etc.)", "fr": "Entretien des structures physiques (murets et pierres s\u00e8ches, etc..)"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "Long-term monitoring", "fr": "suivi de long terme"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Control and monitoring of the zoning regulation (the municipal decree)", "fr": "Contr\u00f4le et surveillance du r\u00e8glement du zonage (l'arr\u00e9t\u00e9 communale)"}}], "tech_qg_45": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "person day", "fr": "1 ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 5.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Maintenance of physical structures (1 person-day)", "fr": "Entretien des structures physiques (1 jour*personne)"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 5.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 25.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_54": [{"tech_rainfall": ["tech_rainfall_1001_1500"], "tech_rainfall_annual": 1500.0, "tech_rainfall_specifications": {"en": "Very variable between the regions of the country (from 500 to 3000 mm and above)", "fr": "tr\u00e8s variable selon les r\u00e9gions du pays (de 500 \u00e0 3000 mm et plus)"}}], "tech_qg_55": [{"tech_agroclimatic_zone": ["tech_agroclimatic_zone_subhumid"]}], "tech_qg_56": [{"tech_slopes": ["tech_slopes_hilly", "tech_slopes_steep"], "tech_landforms": ["tech_landforms_mountainslopes", "tech_landforms_hillslopes"], "tech_altitudinalzone": ["tech_altitudinalzone_100_500", "tech_altitudinalzone_500_1000"]}], "tech_qg_57": [{"tech_convex_concave": "topography_concave"}], "tech_qg_58": [{"tech_soil_depth": ["tech_soil_depth_shallow", "tech_soil_depth_moderatelydeep"], "tech_topsoil_organic": ["tech_topsoil_organic_high", "tech_topsoil_organic_medium"], "tech_soil_texture_20cm": ["tech_soil_texture_medium", "tech_soil_texture_fine"], "tech_soil_texture_topsoil": ["tech_soil_texture_medium", "tech_soil_texture_fine"]}], "tech_qg_60": [{"tech_groundwater": "tech_groundwater_less_5m", "tech_surfacewater": "tech_surfacewater_excess", "tech_waterquality": "tech_waterquality_poor"}], "tech_qg_61": [{"tech_salinization": 0}], "tech_qg_63": [{"tech_flooding": 0}], "tech_qg_65": [{"tech_water_comments": {"en": "Intensive rainfalls lead to temporary excess of water, contributing to superficial erosion.", "fr": "Intensive rainfalls lead to temporary excess of water contributing to superficial erosion"}}], "tech_qg_66": [{"tech_habitatdiversity": "measure_medium", "tech_speciesdiversity": "measure_medium"}], "tech_qg_71": [{"tech_gender": ["gender_women", "gender_men"], "tech_wealth": ["tech_wealth_verypoor"], "tech_individuals": ["individuals_individual"], "tech_age_landusers": ["tech_age_middle"], "tech_mechanisation": ["mechanisation_manual"], "tech_offfarm_income": ["offfarm_income_50_plus"], "tech_sedentary_nomadic": ["sedentary_sedentary"], "tech_market_orientation": ["tech_market_orientation_mixed"]}], "tech_qg_72": [{"tech_land_size": ["tech_land_size_05_1"], "tech_land_size_relative": ["tech_size_mediumscale"]}], "tech_qg_73": [{"tech_ownership": ["tech_ownership_individualnottitled", "tech_ownership_individualtitled"], "tech_landuserights": ["tech_userights_communal"], "tech_wateruserights": ["tech_userights_communal"]}], "tech_qg_75": [{"tech_ownership_comments": {"en": "Access to drinking water and irrigation water is arranged by different rules. In general any individual has access to drinking water, but the rights to use water for irrigation are restricted. The capturing of sources for water supply to downstream areas most often causes difficult negotiations between the communities upstream and downstream in the catchment.", "fr": "L'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l'eau de boisson et \u00e0 l'eau d'irrigation est r\u00e9gis par des r\u00e8gles diff\u00e9rentes. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral tout individu est tol\u00e9r\u00e9 pour son approvisionnement en eau de boisson, par contre, les droits d'usage de l'eau pour l'irrigation son restreint. Le captage des sources pour l'approvisionnement de volume en aval donne le plus souvent l'occasion de n\u00e9gociations difficiles entre les communaut\u00e9 aval/amont."}}], "tech_qg_91": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Extraction and conveyance of water", "fr": "Captage et adduction de l'eau"}, "tech_impacts_quant_after": {"en": "Water extracted from source", "fr": "Eau de source capt\u00e9e"}, "tech_impacts_quant_before": {"en": "No facility for water extraction", "fr": "Pas d'ouvrage de captage"}, "tech_impacts_drinkingwateravailability": 6}], "tech_qg_93": [{"tech_input_est_remaining_costs": {"en": "The supporting project", "fr": "Le projet d'accompagnement"}}], "tech_qg_95": [{"tech_input_determinate_factors": {"en": "The maintenance operations depend on the meteorological conditions (in particular heavy rainfall) and on the type and quantity of structural measures. The topography and geomorphology influence the stability of the structures and hence the maintenance. The maintenance costs are carried by the farmers, or in certain cases by the committee for the provision of drinking water. The control on the restrictions of use of the protected zones is carried out by the local authorities together with the committee for the provision of drinking water. Hence, the costs are distributed over the community funds and financial resources from the water services.", "fr": "Les travaux d'entretien d\u00e9pendent des conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques (en particuliers des fortes averses) et du type et de la quantit\u00e9 des mesures structurelles. La topographie et g\u00e9omorphologie influence la stabilit\u00e9 des ouvrages et donc l'entretien. Les co\u00fbts de maintenance sont pris en charge par les exploitants, ou dans certains cas par le comit\u00e9 pour l'approvisionnement en eau potable. Le contr\u00f4le des restrictions d'usage des zones de protection est effectu\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s locales en association avec le comit\u00e9 pour l'approvisionnement en eau potable. Les co\u00fbts sont donc r\u00e9partis entre les fonds communaux et les financement du service de l'eau."}}], "tech_qg_97": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Defecation in the open air is practiced by half of the households in the rural areas. The restrictions on access of the protected zones must be accompanied by raising awareness on the hygiene and by improving the availability of sanitation services.", "fr": "La d\u00e9f\u00e9cation \u00e0 l'air libre est pratiqu\u00e9e par la moiti\u00e9 des m\u00e9nages en zones rurales. Les restrictions d'acc\u00e8s aux zones de protection doivent s'accompagner de sensibilisation \u00e0 l'hygi\u00e8ne et d'am\u00e9lioration de la disponibilit\u00e9 des services pour l'assainissement."}, "tech_impacts_quant_after": {"en": "Decreasing contamination according to the monitoring of behavior", "fr": "Contamination en baisse, selon les comportements suivis"}, "tech_impacts_quant_before": {"en": "Contamination by human activities", "fr": "contamination antropique"}, "tech_impacts_drinkingwaterquality": 5}], "tech_qg_98": [{"tech_impacts_livestockwateravailability": 5}], "qg_location": [{"country": "country_HTI", "state_province": {"en": "Artibonite, Central West", "fr": "Artibonite, Centre, Ouest"}, "further_location": {"en": "Municipalities of Petit-Go\u00e2ve, Verrettes, Savanette and Lachapelle", "fr": "Communes de Petit-Go\u00e2ve, Verrettes, Savanette et Lachapelle"}}], "tech_qg_109": [{"tech_impacts_health": 5, "tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The zoning and bio-engineering measures improve the water quality, which diminishes problems related to fecal contamination etc.", "fr": "La d\u00e9limitation de zones et les mesures du g\u00e9nie biologique amegliorent la qualit\u00e9 d'eau ce qui diminue des probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s \u00e0 la contamination f\u00e9cale etc."}}], "tech_qg_110": [{"tech_impacts_landuse": 5, "tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The zoning and bio-engineering measures improve the water quality, which diminishes problems related to water rights, considering that water is a limited resource, and is often disputed.", "fr": "La d\u00e9limitation de zones et les mesures du g\u00e9nie biologie amegliorent la qualit\u00e9 d'eau ce qui diminue des probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s aux droits de sources d'eau, vu qu'il s'agit d'une ressource limit\u00e9 et souvent ausi disput\u00e9e."}}], "tech_qg_121": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Increase of infiltration, reduction of runoff and surface erosion, which conserves the soil fertility.", "fr": "Augmentation d'infiltration, diminution du ruissellment et d'\u00e9rosion superficielle, ce qui conserve la fertilit\u00e9 des sols"}, "tech_impacts_surfacerunoff": 6}], "tech_qg_123": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Increase of infiltration and hence recharge of the groundwater table", "fr": "Augmentation d'infiltration et ainsi une recharge de la nappe phr\u00e9atique"}, "tech_impacts_groundwater": 5, "tech_impacts_quant_after": {"en": "Improved recharge", "fr": "Am\u00e9lioration de la recharge"}, "tech_impacts_quant_before": {"en": "High surface runoff", "fr": "Fort ruissellement de surface"}}], "tech_qg_127": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Reduction of erosion by surface runoff", "fr": "Reduction d'\u00e9rosion superficielle par l'eau de ruissellment"}, "tech_impacts_soilloss": 6}], "tech_qg_143": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Certain bio-engineering measures such as dry stone walls or vegetative barriers can limit the propagation of fires.", "fr": "Certaines mesures de g\u00e9nie biologique comme des murette en pi\u00e8rre seche ou barri\u00e8re v\u00e9g\u00e9tales qui peuvent limiter la propagation de feux."}, "tech_impacts_firerisk": 5, "tech_impacts_quant_after": {"en": "elimination of slash-and-burn practice", "fr": "elimination de la pratique du brulis"}, "tech_impacts_quant_before": {"en": "practice of slash-and-burn", "fr": "pratique du brulis"}}], "tech_qg_147": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Surface runoff and discharge upstream reduce the risk of flooding downstream.", "fr": "Le ruissellment et \u00e9vacuation d'eau en amont diminue le risque d'innondation en aval"}, "tech_impacts_downstreamflooding": 5}], "tech_qg_151": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The conservation of soils and woodland in the protected zones reduces and delays the surface runoff, and therefore flood events are less intense. Yet, the area covered by protection measures is still insufficient to manage flood risks.", "fr": "La conservation des sols et du couvert bois\u00e9 dans les zones de protection, att\u00e9nue et diff\u00e8re l\u2019\u00e9coulement de surface, de sorte que les \u00e9pisodes de crues sont moins intenses. N\u00e9anmoins, les surfaces couvertes par les mesures de protection restent encore insuffisantes pour g\u00e9rer les risques li\u00e9s aux crues."}, "tech_impacts_bufferingcapacity": 5}], "tech_qg_156": [{"tech_sustainability": 0}], "tech_qg_160": [{"tech_implementation_decades": "implemenation_less_10"}], "tech_qg_163": [{"tech_perarea_size": {"en": "from 0,1 to 5 ha (reference unit 1 ha) - protection of one spring", "fr": "de 0,1 \u00e0 5 hectares (unit\u00e9 de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence 1 ha)"}}], "tech_qg_164": [{"tech_input_dollar": "tech_input_dollars", "tech_input_average_wage": {"en": "5", "fr": "5"}}], "tech_qg_165": [{"tech_est_timing": {"en": "To be finalised in the dry period", "fr": "\u00e0 finaliser pendant la p\u00e9riode s\u00e8che"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Discussion on legal provisions with the different actors", "fr": "Discussion sur les dispositions l\u00e9gales avec les diff\u00e9rents acteurs"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "To be finalised in the dry period", "fr": "\u00e0 finaliser pendant la p\u00e9riode s\u00e8che"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Elaboration of a municipal decree", "fr": "Elaboration d'un arr\u00eat\u00e9 communal"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "To be finalised in the dry period", "fr": "\u00e0 finaliser pendant la p\u00e9riode s\u00e8che"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Acquisition of zone 1", "fr": "Acquisition de la zone 1"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "To be finalised in the dry period", "fr": "\u00e0 finaliser pendant la p\u00e9riode s\u00e8che"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Fencing of zone 1", "fr": "Cl\u00f4ture de la zone 1"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "During the dry period (availability of farmers and stability of the slopes)", "fr": "Pendant la p\u00e9riode s\u00e8che (disponibilit\u00e9 des paysans et stabilit\u00e9 des versants)"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Development of the land plots in zones 1 and 2", "fr": "Am\u00e9nagement des parcelles des zones 1 et 2"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "During the dry period (availability of farmers and absence of surface runoff)", "fr": "Pendant la p\u00e9riode s\u00e8che (disponibilit\u00e9 des paysans et absence d'\u00e9coulement de surface)"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Treatment of gullies", "fr": "Traitement des ravines"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "Before the rainy season", "fr": "Avant la saison des pluies"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Training of farmers on conservation practices", "fr": "Formation des paysans aux pratiques de conservation"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "At the start of the rainy season", "fr": "En d\u00e9but de saison des pluies"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Afforestation", "fr": "Reboisement"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "On the long term", "fr": "Sur le long terme"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Maintenance of physical structures", "fr": "Entretien des structures physiques"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "On the long term", "fr": "Sur le long terme"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Monitoring and inspection", "fr": "Suivi et contr\u00f4le"}}], "tech_qg_171": [{"tech_exposure_season": "season_rainy", "tech_exposure_incrdecr": "increase", "tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_178": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_181": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_verypositive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_slightlynegative"}], "tech_qg_182": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_positive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_neutral"}], "tech_qg_183": [{"tech_costbenefit_comments": {"en": "The measures should be promoted as an investment with an initial cost but a positive return in the medium and long term.", "fr": "les mesures doivent etre promouv\u00e9s come un investissement avec un co\u00fbt initiale mais un retrour positive \u00e0 moyen et long terme"}}], "tech_qg_184": [{"country": "country_HTI", "person_lastname": {"en": "Focal person EPA"}, "person_firstname": {"en": "HELVETAS"}, "person_institution_name": {"en": "Helvetas", "fr": "HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation"}, "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}], "tech_qg_185": [{"tech_drawing": "494dad04-4c40-448a-8002-4dcce85fade8", "tech_drawing_author": {"en": "Helvetas Haiti", "fr": "Helvetas Haiti"}, "tech_specifications": {"en": "Three protection zones:\r\nZone 1: 1000 m2, public property, prohibition of any activity;\r\nZone 2: 50.000 m2, private property destined for agroforestry and protected by soil protection measures. Prohibition on housing, livestock farming, chemical fertilisation, latrines, waste disposal, slash-and-burn, etc.\r\nZone 3: all areas in the catchment upstream of zone 2, depending on agreements with the land owners and farmers, oriented on agroforestry and protected by sustainable land management measures.", "fr": "Trois p\u00e9rim\u00e8tres de protection:\r\nZone1: 1000m2, propri\u00e9t\u00e9 publique, interdiction de toute activit\u00e9;\r\nZone2: 50'000m2, propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e vou\u00e9e \u00e0 l'agroforesterie, et prot\u00e9g\u00e9e par des mesures de protection des sols. Interdiction d'habiter, d'\u00e9levage, de fertilisation chimique, de pr\u00e9sence de latrines, de d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de d\u00e9chets, brulis, etc. ;\r\nZone3: Toutes surfaces du bassin versant en amont de la zone2, selon entente avec les propri\u00e9taires et exploitants, tourn\u00e9es vers l'agroforesterie et prot\u00e9g\u00e9es par des mesures de gestion des sols."}}], "tech_qg_191": [{"tech_adoption_comments": {"en": "The number of replications is low due to the widespread poverty in the region.", "fr": "le nombre de replication est bas, vue la pauvret\u00e9 r\u00e9pandue dans la region."}, "tech_adoption_quantify": {"en": "Protection of 34 water resources; 27 ha in zone 1 have been fenced and afforested, 281 ha in zone 2 have been afforested and protected. More than 500 farmers were trained to implement and replicate the various protection measures.", "fr": "Protection de 34 sources; 27 hectares de zone 1 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cl\u00f4tur\u00e9s et rebois\u00e9s, 281 hectares de zone 2 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rebois\u00e9s et prot\u00e9g\u00e9s. Plus de 500 exploitants agricoles \u00e9tait form\u00e9s pour impl\u00e9menter et reproduire de diff\u00e9rentes mesures de prot\u00e9ction. s."}, "tech_adoption_percentage": "adoption_percentage_10_50", "tech_adoption_spontaneously": "tech_adoption_spont_0_10"}], "tech_qg_202": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_206": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}], "tech_qg_208": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_217": [{"tech_cost_calculation_base": "tech_input_calc_per_area"}], "tech_qg_220": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Increase of soil moisture and recharge of the groundwater table, which diminishes the impact of droughts.", "fr": "Augmentation de l'humidit\u00e9 des sols et la reacharge de la nappe phreatique ce qui diminue l'impact de s\u00e9cheresses"}, "tech_impacts_droughtimpacts": 5}], "tech_qg_221": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The measures diminish the effects of storms and heavy rainfall events by a reduction of surface erosion and a more controlled drainage of water in the gullies, which are stabilized by walls and vegetative barriers.", "fr": "Les mesures diminuent les l'effets des tempetes et pluies fortes avec une \u00e9rosion superficielle reduite et une \u00e9vacuation d'eau plus control\u00e9 dans les ravines stabilis\u00e9 par des murettes et barrieres v\u00e9g\u00e9tales."}, "tech_impacts_cyclones": 5}], "tech_qg_222": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs": 2680.0}], "tech_qg_223": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs": 25.0}], "tech_qg_225": [{"location_comments": {"en": "The conservation measures are locally applied on the hillslopes, but the restrictions on the use of the protected zones apply uniformly.", "fr": "Les mesures de conservations sont appliqu\u00e9es ponctuellement sur les pentes, mais les restrictions d'usages des zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es s'\u00e9tendent uniform\u00e9ment."}}], "tech_qg_226": [{"tech_access_roads": 1, "tech_access_water": 2, "tech_access_energy": 1, "tech_access_health": 1, "tech_access_markets": 1, "tech_access_education": 1, "tech_access_financial": 1, "tech_access_employment": 1, "tech_access_techassistance": 1}], "tech_qg_228": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Better infiltration and controlled deviation of surface runoff, which diminishes the risk of landslides.", "fr": "Meilleure infiltration et d\u00e9viation control\u00e9e des eaux de surface, ce qui diminue le risque de glissmeent de terrain"}, "tech_impacts_landslides": 5}], "tech_qg_230": [{"tech_adaptation_yes": 0}], "tech_qg_232": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs_usd": 2680.0}], "tech_qg_233": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs_usd": 25.0}], "tech_qg_235": [{"tech_lu_mixed": 1, "tech_lu_mixed_select": "lu_mixed_ms"}], "tech_qg_237": [{"tech_initial_landuse_changed": "initial_landuse_changed_yes"}], "tech_qg_239": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_cropland"]}], "tech_qg_240": [{"tech_lu_cropland_sub": ["lu_cropland_ca"]}], "tech_qg_249": [{"tech_lu_comments": {"en": "Some zones were cultivated with annual crop varieties, and were subsequently transformed into protected zones, where selective felling is only authorized if natural regeneration is guaranteed, and if the vegetation cover provides an effective soil protection.", "fr": "Certaines zones \u00e9taient cultiv\u00e9es, avec des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s annuelles, puis ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9es en zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, o\u00f9 la coupe s\u00e9lective est autoris\u00e9e seulement si la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration naturelle est garantie et que la couverture v\u00e9g\u00e9tale maintient une protection du sol efficace."}}], "tech_qg_250": [{"date_documentation": "20/09/2016"}], "qg_location_map": [{"location_map": "{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1489735712524,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[-72.46513366699219,19.03449009091497]},\"properties\":null},{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1489735712525,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[-72.85454750061035,18.372563465707188]},\"properties\":null}]}"}], "qg_sources_field": [{"sources_specify": {"en": "Monitoring of all sites by the actors, during the entire project.", "fr": "Suivi sur l'ensemble des sites, tout au long du projet, par les acteurs."}}], "qg_funding_project": [{"funding_project": 2}], "tech_qg__approaches": [{"link_id": "1765"}], "qg_accept_conditions": [{"accept_conditions": 1}], "qg_strengths_compiler": [{"strengths_compiler": {"en": "On the basis of the vulnerability of the population and the environment in the rural environment of Haiti, the protection of water resources should be established to guarantee a secure and profitable use of water. The participatory methods implemented allow to create a supportive environment, suitable for a community-based effort for local rural development. These mechanisms inspire a culture of citizenship in a local democratic context under development.", "fr": "Au vu de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des populations et de l'environnement dans le milieu rural Ha\u00eftien, la protection des sources doit imp\u00e9rativement \u00eatre mise en place pour garantir une utilisation s\u00e9curis\u00e9e et rentable de l'eau. Les m\u00e9thodes participatives mises en places, permettent de cr\u00e9er un environnement solidaire, propice \u00e0 l'effort commun pour un d\u00e9veloppement local durable. Ces m\u00e9canismes insufflent une culture citoyenne dans un contexte d\u00e9mocratique local en construction."}}], "qg_sources_compilation": [{"sources_specify": {"en": "Existing document on the capitalization of protecting water resources.", "fr": "Document existant de capitalisation sur la protection des sources"}}], "qg_strengths_landusers": [{"strengths_landuser": {"en": "The farmers are supported to implement a cost-effective forestry system to replace a very vulnerable rainfed agricultural production system. But it is the population in the downstream part of the catchment who benefits from the protection of the sources, since the quality and quantity of the water is improving. Therefore an equilibrium must be found between the two populations, in order to make both benefit. The water services can be profitable, and hence encourage participation in the efforts of protection upstream in the catchment, by supporting the producers and/or by financing jobs for the protection of land and water.", "fr": "Les exploitants sont accompagn\u00e9s pour la mise en place d'un syst\u00e8me de foresterie rentable, en lieu et place d'une agriculture pluviale tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rable . Mais les populations en aval sont les grands b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de la protection des sources, puisque la qualit\u00e9 et la quantit\u00e9 d'eau s'am\u00e9liore. Il s'agit donc de trouver un \u00e9quilibre entre ces deux populations, afin que chacun puisse \u00eatre avantag\u00e9. Le service de l'eau peut s'av\u00e9rer rentable, et ainsi participer aux efforts de protection en amont, en soutenant les producteurs et/ou en finan\u00e7ant des postes de travail pour la protection."}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "The protection of water resources increases the value of the common heritage and therefore calls for a community-based management.", "fr": "La protection des sources valorise le patrimoine commun et appelle donc une gestion communautaire."}}], "qg_weaknesses_compiler": [{"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "The sustainability of the measures and the cost of maintenance are largely dependent on the quality of the measures.", "fr": "La durabilit\u00e9 des mesures et les co\u00fbts de maintenance, d\u00e9pendent fortement de la qualit\u00e9 des mesures"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Ensure a good technical instruction and follow-up on-site by trained staff.", "fr": "Il faut assurer une bonne instruction technique et un suivi sur place par du personnel form\u00e9"}}], "qg_weaknesses_landusers": [{"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "The management of state land in zone 1 poses a challenge because this land has to be integrated into the property of the state. The purchase or compensation of these lots can require a long negotiation between the local authorities and the owners.", "fr": "La gestion domaniale de la zone 1 pose un d\u00e9fi, puisque les terrains doivent \u00eatre rapatri\u00e9s dans le domaine de l'\u00e9tat. Ainsi l'achat ou le d\u00e9dommagement de ces parcelles peut demander une longue n\u00e9gociation entre les autorit\u00e9s locales et les propri\u00e9taires."}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "It is important that the local actors resolve these matters among themselves, and that there is no interference from a project, in order to not distort the negotiation.", "fr": "Il est important que les acteurs locaux r\u00e9solvent ces questions entre eux et ne pas interf\u00e9rer avec un projet, de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 ne pas fausser la n\u00e9gociation."}}], "qg_sources_interviews_landusers": [{"sources_specify": {"en": "Participatory process of capitalization.", "fr": "Processus de capitalisation participatif."}}]}>, 'map_url': '/en/wocat/technologies/view/technologies_583/map/', 'template': 'raw'}