1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

{'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 1059, 'label': 'Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'European Interreg project FABulous Farmers', 'template': 'raw'} {'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 6194, 'label': 'Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Zuidelijke Land en Tuinbouw Organisatie (ZLTO) - Netherlands', 'template': 'raw'}

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Bokashi is a soil amendment formed by fermenting clippings of vegetation. It helps to increase soil organic matter content in fruit orchards.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Bokashi is a soil amendment formed from fermentation of vegetative clippings. It has a high organic matter content. Furthermore, due to the fermentation process, bokashi is practically free of weed seeds. The high organic matter content feeds soil organisms and results in the increase of soil organic matter, and in turn this supports the growth of micro-organisms, improves water holding capacity and increases soil fertility. Bokashi is applied once a year underneath the fruit trees in autumn after the harvest by a mechanical spreader. Here 16 tonnes of bokashi was applied on 1ha. Results have shown that fruit trees grow better in the resulting healthier soil, but spreading the bokashi is labour intensive. This technology has been applied on a parcel of land in Zeeland in the south of the Netherlands.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

2020

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation
• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

Introduced by a soil expert

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
• preserve/ improve biodiversity
• adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
• mitigate climate change and its impacts

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

No

Comments:

Fruit orchards (apples, pears etc) in a temperate region

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

• No (Continue with question 3.4)

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• mixed rainfed-irrigated

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• improved ground/ vegetation cover
• integrated soil fertility management
• integrated pest and disease management (incl. organic agriculture)

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology area

other/ national currency (specify):

EUR

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

0.95

4.3 Establishment activities

	Activity	Timing (season)
1.	Spreading compost	August
2.	Cultivating the land	August
3.	Sowing catch crop	August

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Labour	ha	6.0	35.0	210.0	100.0
Equipment	Machinery	ha	1.0	50.0	50.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Bokashi purchase	ha	25.0	12.5	312.5	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					572.5
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD					602.63

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Access to suitable machinery to reduce the labour costs.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

• not relevant

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Lutum %13
Org matter % 1,2
pH 7,5
Soil type Sabulous clay (zavel)
CEC (mmol/kg)19

5.4 Water availability and quality

Is water salinity a problem?

Yes

Specify:

There is a shallow salt water bubble in the subsoil that increases the salinity level of ground and surface water

Is flooding of the area occurring?

No

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• company

Land use rights:

• individual

• Partnership

Are land use rights based on a traditional legal system?

No

Specify:

Land use rights are based on ownership or lease agreement

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Ecological impacts

Soil

Specify assessment of on-site impacts (measurements):

Subjective assessments, no direct measures were taken.

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

Specify assessment of off-site impacts (measurements):

No direct measures were taken

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	increase or decrease	How does the Technology cope with it?
seasonal rainfall	summer	decrease	well

Comments:

Mulch help keeps soil moisture in during increasingly frequent dry spells.

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• single cases/ experimental

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

No

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Soil moisture retention improvements
Soil organic matter improvements
Soil life increased significantly after applying bokashi to the soil. There was no eutrophication

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Reduced weed burden in compost with fermentation

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Time intensive to spread compost	NA
Limited availability of bokashi currently	Knowledge exchange to support more uptake of bokashi production

7.1 Methods/ sources of information