地点

Lebanon

指定地点内的自然环境简介。

All soils
Terraces, plains, Mountainous areas|
Mediterranean Climate

居住在该地点及/或附近居民的普遍社会经济状况

private lands; land rental
Agriculture
Poor to middle income

根据哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关），在确定建议的实践和相应的技术是否被认为是“最佳”时，应该基于哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关）？

Conservation agriculture aims at the conservation of land, soil and water resources while minimizing production costs and achieving similar results when compared to conventional agriculture.|

最佳实践解决的主要问题

Water scarcity
Fragility of soils
Soil degradation
Conservation of organic matters and soil nutrients|Overall objective: Conservation Agriculture is promoted and is implemented on a large scale in five to seven countries under approaches adapted to local conditions in each country/area.

概述最佳实践解决的具体土地退化问题

Soil erosion
Soil deterioration
Soil moisture
Destruction of the production cycles and the supporting ecosystems

具体说明最佳实践的目标

Overall Objective:
Conservation Agriculture is promoted and is implemented on a large scale in five to seven countries under approaches adapted to local conditions in each country/area.
|Specific objectives
1. Implement CA practices and develop a critical mass of applied CA in selected countries;
|2. Improve the capacity of the agricultural stakeholders in implementing CA practices.
|3. Set up favorable institutional,regulatory and economic
framework conditions for CA implementation
|4. Raise the awareness of relevant stakeholders on the need and importance of CA
|5. Improve average agricultural crop yield per unit area of land while retaining sustainability of agricultural practices
|6. Improve farmer income and living standards by decreasing
production costs
|7. Decrease vulnerability of agricultural systems to climatic changes and variations of drought periods

按目标对主要活动进行简要的描述

Achieving favorable framework conditions through the active support, cooperation and commitment of national authorities.
Introducing into academia adapted curricula covering the concept of CA to mainly four (4)target groups (1)universities with department in agriculture and/or related disciplines, (2) Vocational/Technical students,
(3) Extension staff, and (4) Farmers.
|Capacity building through participatory on the job trainings and on‐farm trials and demonstrations will be undertaken for extension staff and farmers.
|Peer‐to‐Peer exchange to enhance exchange of experiences and highlight success stories and setbacks for analysis and evaluation.
Awareness raising and information campaigns targeting governmental organizations, public institutions, syndicates, cooperatives, and private sector for a better understanding of CA principles and practices.
|Production of information material and their wide dissemination to indirect and ultimate beneficiaries.
|Technical information sheets/fact sheets for extension staff and farmers on various topics developed based on results of implemented projects.
On‐farm demonstrations in strategic locations (agro‐ecological zones) to establish a critical mass of CA applications in selected agro‐ecological zones, which will act as nuclei for even further expansion later on;
|Demonstration and multiplication plots with cover crops/forage crops at the level of the research centers;|Establishment of CA user groups in each country.

本技术的简要说明和技术规范

The application of CA provokes a number of positive environmental, economic and social benefits on global, regional, local and farm level:
It provides a sustainable production system, not only conserving but also enhancing the natural resource base and increasing the variety of soil biota, fauna and flora (including wild life) in the agricultural production systems without sacrificing yields at the high production levels.
No‐till fields act as a sink for CO2 and CA applied on a global scale could provide a major contribution to control air pollution in general and global warming in particular. Farmers applying CA practice could eventually be rewarded with carbon credits.
By not tilling the soil, farmers can save between 30 and 40% of time and labour, and in mechanized agriculture, fossil fuels, as compared to tillage‐based cropping.
Soils under CA have very high water infiltration capacities, reducing surface runoff and thus soil erosion significantly.
CA is not low output agriculture but delivers yields that are comparable or greater than those obtained with modern tillage‐based intensive agriculture, but in a sustainable way.
For the farmer, CA is mostly attractive because it allows a reduction of the production costs, time and labour, particularly at times of peak demand such as land preparation and planting, and in mechanized systems it reduces the costs
 CA is not low output agriculture but delivers yields that are comparable or
greater than those obtained with modern tillage‐based intensive
agriculture, but in a sustainable way. Yields tend to increase over the
years with a simultaneous decrease in yield variations.
 For the farmer, CA is mostly attractive because it allows a reduction of the
production costs, reduction of time and labour, particularly at times of
peak demand such as land preparation and planting, and in mechanized
systems it reduces the costs
Economical effects
More immediate and crucial to a farmer are the economical benefits. A reduction
in production costs, savings in energy (fuel, labour) and capital (wear and tear), all
goes to translate farming into a more profitable enterprise. The reduction of
production |

技术开发机构的名称和地址

GIZ|GIZ - Desertification and Land Degradation Project - Ministry of Agriculture - Beirut - Lebanon. www.codanet.net

这项技术是合作开发的吗?

是

列出合作伙伴:

ACSAD; Ministry of Agriculture; Universities

具体说明该技术推广的框架

• 国际倡议

当地利益相关者（包括CSO）的参与是否促进了技术的开发？

是

列出涉及的当地利益相关者:

Farmers and cooperatives; NGOs (arc en ciel)

对于上面列出的利益相关者，说明他们在该技术的设计、引入、使用和维护（如果有的话）中的角色。

Farmers and cooperatives: implementation of the concept at the farm level; maintenance and promotion
NGOs: Promotion of the CA through the different awareness raising and training events organised with farmers; implementation in project sites

居住在该地区和/或附近的居民是否参与了该技术的开发？

是

通过什么手段？:

• 参与途径

描述现场影响（按类别划分的两类主要影响）

It improves the productivity by reducing the production costs.
The successful change of the production system and the increased income raises the self‐confidence of entire farming communities.
Poverty reduction:  Reduced labour requirements for tilling and weeding allow farmers to spend their time on other income‐generating activities.
CA ensure a sustainable yield over time
Conservation of biodiversity, mainly in the dry-lands|
Conservation of water and land resources
Food security:This increases yield stability thus reducing considerably the risk of crop failure due to drought.
Contribution to empowerment of farming communities

描述两个主要的场外影响（即不是发生在现场，而是发生在周围区域）

Reduction in soil erosion and related risks
Reduction of surface run-off and improvement of underground water

对生物多样性和气候变化的影响

解释原因:

It provides a sustainable production system, not only conserving but also enhancing the natural resource base and increasing the variety of soil biota, fauna and flora (including wild life) in the agricultural production systems. As CA depends on biological processes to work, it enhances the biodiversity in an agricultural production system on a micro‐ as well as macro level.
No‐till fields act as a sink for CO2 and CA applied on a global scale could provide a major contribution to control air pollution in general and global warming in particular.
Soil tillage is, among all farming operations, the single most energy consuming and thus, in mechanized agriculture, an air‐polluting operation.
CA enables an efficient use of rainwater (“More crop per drop”). This increases yield stability thus reducing considerably the risk of crop failure due to drought.

是否进行了成本效益分析？

是否进行了成本效益分析？:

是

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？:

是

传播/引进到哪里？:

In several countries of the region

您能否确定目前最佳实践/技术成功的三个主要条件？

Favorable weather and soil conditions. Replicable elsewhere with some adaptation
Farmers willing to implement new concepts. Replicable elsewhere with some adaptation
Clear reduction in the production costs and improvement of yield. Replicable elsewhere with some adaptation

可复制性

在您看来，您所提出的最佳实践/技术可以复制到其他地方，尽管有一定程度的适应？:

是

适应程度如何？:

• 地方
• 次国家
• 国家
• 次区域
• 区域
• 国际

人力资源相关

The reduction in the time spent on tillage and other mechanized operations allows the farmers to undertake other activities and to diversify their income generating activities

与技术方面有关

The reduction in the use of heavy machinery improves the soil structure and increases water infiltration rates