最佳实践的简短描述

Pasture is divided into several plots based on its productivity, and grazing period and grazing systems are fixed according to the carrying capacity of each plot. The demonstration plots were identified at spring and autumn ranges in Hexigten Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. There around plots were rivers, lakes and residential areas, and grasslands degraded seriously because of tramples by livestock when drinking water. Hexigten Banner initiated the project of rotational grazing in order to improve the living and production conditions of herdsmen, prompt reform of local production systems and preserve the ecological environment of grasslands. The main target of the project was to achieve the balance of pasture utilization, rational development of water resources, and eventually realize the balance between grass and livestock all the year through rotational grazing in summer and autumn and crops grown for silage, etc..|

地点

Jiri Villiage and Hongqi Villiage of Baiyinchagan Township, Hexigten Banner of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, China.|

指定地点内的自然环境简介。

Semi-arid continental climate.
Soil is loamy texture and soil erodibility is medium.
Plain/plateaus.

居住在该地点及/或附近居民的普遍社会经济状况

Collective ownership and individual use rights
Farming.
Local income level is low. Per Capita Annual Net Income is CNY 5090 in Rural areas of Hexigten Banner of Inner Mongolia in 2011.

根据哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关），在确定建议的实践和相应的技术是否被认为是“最佳”时，应该基于哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关）？

Grazing land.
It allows rehabilitation of degraded grassland, sustains land use for long term, increases income of local farmers, is suitable to natural conditions and is well accepted by the local participants.|

最佳实践解决的主要问题

Over grazing is controlled and is in favour of pasture recovery.
|Decrease desertification.|Solve the contradiction between limited rangeland and growing demand of animal husbandry.|Improve awareness of ecological protection in communities.

概述最佳实践解决的具体土地退化问题

Grassland degradation caused by overgrazing was addressed.

具体说明最佳实践的目标

Restore the normal growth of the pasture.|Solve water shortage for livestock.|Improve grassland productivity.|Achieve sustainable use of resources.

按目标对主要活动进行简要的描述

1. Dig wells, fit windmills, build water tank and carry water by tractors.
2. Cultivate forage crop at small scale with irrigation and fertilizer application.
3. Establish silage to supply forage all the year.
1. Enclose an area within demonstration plot serving as water storage for livestock under the conditions if there are river of lake available.
2. In the rolling areas, one drinking point should be created for two plots. Dig well near the pasture track. A pitcher with capacity of 16 ton of water should be installed around each windmill.
3. If landform of plot is flat, the pitcher should be built at high terrace in favour of water flow in pipeline to grazing area.|
1. Divide the rangeland into units.
2. Establish and mend enclosures.
3. Forage basis are leveled ground and sowed by project house-holders as spring drew near.
1. Develop high-yielding forage basis.
2. Strengthen control of diseases of livestock and.
3. Implement balance system of the grass and livestock.

本技术的简要说明和技术规范

Technical contents of rotational grazing mainly included: (1) Balance the utilization of grasslands through dividing the rangeland into units; (2) Solve the problem of water shortage by means of windmill, water tank and water transportation by tractors, etc; (3) Cultivate high-yielding forage crop at small scale with irrigation and fertilizer application; (4) Establish silage to supply forage; (5) Strengthen control of diseases of livestock and improve rangeland management.
Five barbed wire fences around rotational grazing units were used and the pillars of enclosures were made up of cements. Plots were divided by zinc coated fences, and added a barbed wire at the top of the fences. Gate of each pilot was welded by steel pipes.

技术开发机构的名称和地址

Rangeland Survey and Design Institute, Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Pastoral Academy of Sciences.|No answer provided.

这项技术是合作开发的吗?

否

具体说明该技术推广的框架

• 地方自主性
• 国家倡议——政府主导
• 基于方案/项目的倡议

当地利益相关者（包括CSO）的参与是否促进了技术的开发？

是

列出涉及的当地利益相关者:

Project householders.

对于上面列出的利益相关者，说明他们在该技术的设计、引入、使用和维护（如果有的话）中的角色。

Project householders were trained in the forms of textbook, information booklets in the use and maintenance of the technology.|

居住在该地区和/或附近的居民是否参与了该技术的开发？

否

通过什么手段？:

• 参与途径

描述现场影响（按类别划分的两类主要影响）

Production methods of animal husbandry optimized. Saved labor was transferred to second and third industries.
Capacity of technology application of herdsmen was improved and herdmen’s traditional concept changed.
Livestock gained weight.
Pabular forages and grass coverage increased. Grazing intensity were lessened.
Herdsmen’s income increased.
Water and soil conservation were strengthened.

描述两个主要的场外影响（即不是发生在现场，而是发生在周围区域）

Climate of sandystorm was lightened.

对生物多样性和气候变化的影响

解释原因:

Activities and measures taken in the best practices/technology, which increased grass coverage, lessened grazing intensity, strengthened water and soil conservation in the demonstration plots, so the best practice had a positive impact on biodiversity conservation and climate change.|

是否进行了成本效益分析？

是否进行了成本效益分析？:

是

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？:

是

传播/引进到哪里？:

4.6 million hm2 natural rangeland in Inner Mongolia.

您能否确定目前最佳实践/技术成功的三个主要条件？

The technology adapted to local natural and socio-economic development requirements.
The Chinese government has formulated relevant policies to encourage rotational grazing.
Local government had played an important role in application and scaling up of rotational grazing.

可复制性

在您看来，您所提出的最佳实践/技术可以复制到其他地方，尽管有一定程度的适应？:

是

适应程度如何？:

• 地方
• 次国家

人力资源相关

The individual capacity of some herdsmen is limited in the use of the technology.

与技术方面有关

Local the ability of the application and scaling up of the technology. As local herdsmen lack knowledge of animal management, and it is not easy to popularize the technology in the grazing areas.|