最佳实践的简短描述

The PGH best practice has been trialled on 3 conservancies. Each conservancy was divided up into grazing areas. These smaller areas were mapped, and the farmers of several areas developed a land plan and grazing plan for each area. Herders were appointed, and planned grazing started in five areas. A precondition for becoming a part of this program is for all livestock owners to combine their herds into one herd that is herded daily - allowing for planned grazing.The PGH approach is supported by the drilling of boreholes and provision of water tanks in remoter areas with potentially good grazing.
PGH is not something new to the communal farmers. To a large extent, it is adapting the old way of farming with cattle, before people became settled and stopped herding. The combination of the traditional and the scientific in a socially acceptable way has been the key to progress so far resulting in traditional leaders engaging with the program and taking credit for successes.
We are trialling planned grazing through three mechanisms:
  1. A water tanker and trailer driving water to grazing areas without water;
  2. Herding from existing homesteads or from new boreholes where homesteads have been established close together, facilitating easier combining of animals;
  3. The use of daily grazing camps using game capture nets as fencing, which are moved daily. |

地点

PGH is currently being practised in the North-Western part of Namibia, in the remote Kunene Region. It is a vast, very arid and mountainous region with low population density. The area is home to the Ovahimba people, who maintain a largely traditional way of life based on livestock rearing|

如果该位置有明确的边界，请以公顷为单位说明其延伸范围。:

7500000.0

居住在该地区的估计人口:

80000.0

指定地点内的自然环境简介。

Kunene is a mountainous region made up of the northern Namib Desert (100 - 600m) and the interior highlands (1,000 - 2,00Om), divided by a rugged escarpment.|
Soils are generally highly infertile, and the region is dominated by rocky outcrops, chromic cambisols and lithic leptosols.|
The climate is semi-arid to very arid (50mm to 350mm rain per year) - a severely drought prone area. Temperatures can reach 40 degrees in summertime but with an average annual of around 22 degrees.

居住在该地点及/或附近居民的普遍社会经济状况

The region is dominated by communal land with people sharing access to common property resources in open areas. The land is typically used by communities under usufruct tenureship with the land being vested in the state
Salaries/wages are the main sources of income in Kunene (44.5%) followed by subsistence farming (19.5%. Pensions and remittances and smallscale businesses are the main other sources.
Average per capita income in the region is around NAD6000

根据哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关），在确定建议的实践和相应的技术是否被认为是“最佳”时，应该基于哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关）？

The PGH approach is a best practice example of integrating traditional knowledge with scientific approaches to sustainable land management. Early results show that:
 1. Grasses have started growing in places where they previously did not and annual plant density has increased considerably. Moribund grass has also been removed or trampled and ground cover has improved.
  2. Livestock losses due to predators, theft, and calf mortalities are virtually zero now that herders accompany stock.
  3. Crop damage is reduced because livestock do not enter fields once elephants have broken the perimeter fences.
  4. Animal performance is as good, if not better, than adjacent un-herded animals.

最佳实践解决的主要问题

The main problem addressed by the best practice is the land degradation caused by the herding of livestock around a single water point. Other problems addressed include the loss of perennial grasses, livestock mortalities and pressure on the resource based|

概述最佳实践解决的具体土地退化问题

loss of perennial grasses, reduced compaction of the soil due to persistent trampling, lack of vegetative cover, crop damages|

具体说明最佳实践的目标

To contribute to an improved quality of life for communities in target areas by improving rangeland productivity and biodiversity and thereby improving livelihood security using local cultural and community bodies as holistic decision-making structures.

按目标对主要活动进行简要的描述

Each target area is divided up into grazing areas. These smaller areas are mapped, and the farmers of several areas develop a land plan and grazing plan for each area.|Herders are appointed, and planned grazing then begins.Boreholes may be drilled and installed for added flexibility and increased access to new grazing areas. All livestock owners combine their herds into one herd that is herded daily - allowing for planned grazing.
Visits were facilitated to successful Holistic Management farmers in South Africa and later Zimbabwe (The Africa Centre for Holistic Management) with a cross section of residents, leaders and government officials. |The visits resulted in powerful learning experiences. After each visit the principles of sound management and what needed to be in place were discussed. On returning home, these principles were discussed at the local level and a way forward mapped out.

本技术的简要说明和技术规范

There is little need for technology with the PGH approach. The strategic drilling of boreholes and positioning of water tanks are the main technology involved.
none

技术开发机构的名称和地址

Integrated Rural Development and Nature Conservation (IRDNC)|3rd Floor
Office Block
Maerua Park
Windhoek

这项技术是合作开发的吗?

是

列出合作伙伴:

Africa Centre for Holistic Management

具体说明该技术推广的框架

• 国际倡议
• 基于方案/项目的倡议

当地利益相关者（包括CSO）的参与是否促进了技术的开发？

是

列出涉及的当地利益相关者:

The approach has been pioneered through the framework of communal conservancies. Exposure visits were arranged for interested members from these conservancies which were since fully involved in the design and implementation of PGH.

对于上面列出的利益相关者，说明他们在该技术的设计、引入、使用和维护（如果有的话）中的角色。

No technology applicable

居住在该地区和/或附近的居民是否参与了该技术的开发？

是

通过什么手段？:

• 咨询
• 参与途径
• 其它（请具体说明）

具体说明:

Exposure trips

描述现场影响（按类别划分的两类主要影响）

Increased availability of perennial grasses
Improved livestock condition
Increased herd sizes possible under PGH give greater security to communities against drought
Improved livestock condition leads to greater meat and milk yields
Increase forage availability
Less pressure on overused water sources

描述两个主要的场外影响（即不是发生在现场，而是发生在周围区域）

None

对生物多样性和气候变化的影响

解释原因:

The approach increases the resilience of communities to climate change as increased herd sizes act as a buffer against drought and increased climatic variability. The increased productivity of perennial grasses will equally boost the resilience of ecosystems to cope with climate change impacts
Levels of forage, wildlife, and livestock production can all be increased through PGH. The increased herd sizes open up opportunities for the use of concentrated animal impact to increase crop yields, restore degraded pieces of land and to create firebreaks|

是否进行了成本效益分析？

是否进行了成本效益分析？:

否

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？:

是

传播/引进到哪里？:

Otjozondjupa and Omaheke regions

您能否确定目前最佳实践/技术成功的三个主要条件？

The use of an approach based largely on traditional knowledge
Exposure trips are a powerful tool for communities to learn about and adopt best practice approaches which can be applied in their environment
The approach is socially acceptable. Often approaches to sustainable land management promote destocking, which is not acceptable to communal farmers as their wealth lies in their livestock numbers. However PGH allows these farmers to increase their herds, while simultaneously improving the health of their environment|

可复制性

在您看来，您所提出的最佳实践/技术可以复制到其他地方，尽管有一定程度的适应？:

是

适应程度如何？:

• 地方
• 次国家

人力资源相关

Herders need to be kept motivated, internal community conflicts that impact on combining herds need to be managed. PGH has been well received by government, regional council and farmers, and good cooperation and support from stakeholders and support organisations has been noted PGH is seen as socially and culturally compatible with past practices|