UNCCD

Planned Grazing through Herding (PGH) [นามิเบีย]

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รายงานกิจการ: Namibia

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ดูประวัติ
สมบูรณ์: 86%

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Title of best practice:

Planned Grazing through Herding (PGH)

ประเทศ:

นามิเบีย

รายงานกิจการ:

Namibia

สิทธิในทรัพย์สิน

Clarify if the technology described in the template, or a part of it, is covered by property rights:

ไม่ใช่

Classification

Prevailing land use in the specified location

  • ทุ่งหญ้าเลี้ยงสัตว์
  • Uproductive land

Contribution to Desertification, land degradation and drought (DLDD) measures

  • Rehabilitation

Contribution to the strategic objectives

  • เพื่อพัฒนาคุณภาพชีวิตให้แก่ประชาชนที่ได้รับผลกระทบ
  • เพื่อพัฒนาคุณภาพให้แก่ระบบนิเวศที่ได้รับผลกระทบ
  • เพื่อเสริมสร้างผลประโยชน์นานาชาติผ่านทางอนุสัญญาการดำเนินการที่มีประสิทธิภาพ

Linkages with the other best practice themes

  • การสร้างสมรรถภาพหรือการเพิ่มการตระหนักรู้
  • การติดตามและประเมินผลหรือวิจัย DLDD และ SLM
  • การจัดการความรู้และการช่วยเหลือในการตัดสินใจ
  • เงินทุนและการระดมทรัพยากร
  • การมีส่วนร่วม ความร่วมมือ และการเชื่อมต่อ

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Section 1. Context of the best practice: frame conditions (natural and human environment)

คำอธิบายแบบสั้น ๆ ของวิธีปฏิบัติที่ดีที่สุด

The PGH best practice has been trialled on 3 conservancies. Each conservancy was divided up into grazing areas. These smaller areas were mapped, and the farmers of several areas developed a land plan and grazing plan for each area. Herders were appointed, and planned grazing started in five areas. A precondition for becoming a part of this program is for all livestock owners to combine their herds into one herd that is herded daily - allowing for planned grazing.The PGH approach is supported by the drilling of boreholes and provision of water tanks in remoter areas with potentially good grazing.
PGH is not something new to the communal farmers. To a large extent, it is adapting the old way of farming with cattle, before people became settled and stopped herding. The combination of the traditional and the scientific in a socially acceptable way has been the key to progress so far resulting in traditional leaders engaging with the program and taking credit for successes.
We are trialling planned grazing through three mechanisms:
  1. A water tanker and trailer driving water to grazing areas without water;
  2. Herding from existing homesteads or from new boreholes where homesteads have been established close together, facilitating easier combining of animals;
  3. The use of daily grazing camps using game capture nets as fencing, which are moved daily. |

สถานที่

PGH is currently being practised in the North-Western part of Namibia, in the remote Kunene Region. It is a vast, very arid and mountainous region with low population density. The area is home to the Ovahimba people, who maintain a largely traditional way of life based on livestock rearing|

If the location has well defined boundaries, specify its extension in hectares:

7500000.0

Estimated population living in the location:

80000.0

คำอธิบายแบบสรุปของสภาพแวดล้อมทางธรรมชาติในพื้นที่

Kunene is a mountainous region made up of the northern Namib Desert (100 - 600m) and the interior highlands (1,000 - 2,00Om), divided by a rugged escarpment.|
Soils are generally highly infertile, and the region is dominated by rocky outcrops, chromic cambisols and lithic leptosols.|
The climate is semi-arid to very arid (50mm to 350mm rain per year) - a severely drought prone area. Temperatures can reach 40 degrees in summertime but with an average annual of around 22 degrees.

Prevailing socio-economic conditions of those living in the location and/or nearby

The region is dominated by communal land with people sharing access to common property resources in open areas. The land is typically used by communities under usufruct tenureship with the land being vested in the state
Salaries/wages are the main sources of income in Kunene (44.5%) followed by subsistence farming (19.5%. Pensions and remittances and smallscale businesses are the main other sources.
Average per capita income in the region is around NAD6000

On the basis of which criteria and/or indicator(s) (not related to The Strategy) the proposed practice and corresponding technology has been considered as 'best'?

The PGH approach is a best practice example of integrating traditional knowledge with scientific approaches to sustainable land management. Early results show that:
 1. Grasses have started growing in places where they previously did not and annual plant density has increased considerably. Moribund grass has also been removed or trampled and ground cover has improved.
  2. Livestock losses due to predators, theft, and calf mortalities are virtually zero now that herders accompany stock.
  3. Crop damage is reduced because livestock do not enter fields once elephants have broken the perimeter fences.
  4. Animal performance is as good, if not better, than adjacent un-herded animals.

Section 2. Problems addressed (direct and indirect causes) and objectives of the best practice

Main problems addressed by the best practice

The main problem addressed by the best practice is the land degradation caused by the herding of livestock around a single water point. Other problems addressed include the loss of perennial grasses, livestock mortalities and pressure on the resource based|

Outline specific land degradation problems addressed by the best practice

loss of perennial grasses, reduced compaction of the soil due to persistent trampling, lack of vegetative cover, crop damages|

Specify the objectives of the best practice

To contribute to an improved quality of life for communities in target areas by improving rangeland productivity and biodiversity and thereby improving livelihood security using local cultural and community bodies as holistic decision-making structures.

Section 3. Activities

คำอธิบายแบบสรุปของกิจกรรมหลัก ตามวัตถุประสงค์

Each target area is divided up into grazing areas. These smaller areas are mapped, and the farmers of several areas develop a land plan and grazing plan for each area.|Herders are appointed, and planned grazing then begins.Boreholes may be drilled and installed for added flexibility and increased access to new grazing areas. All livestock owners combine their herds into one herd that is herded daily - allowing for planned grazing.
Visits were facilitated to successful Holistic Management farmers in South Africa and later Zimbabwe (The Africa Centre for Holistic Management) with a cross section of residents, leaders and government officials. |The visits resulted in powerful learning experiences. After each visit the principles of sound management and what needed to be in place were discussed. On returning home, these principles were discussed at the local level and a way forward mapped out.

Short description and technical specifications of the technology

There is little need for technology with the PGH approach. The strategic drilling of boreholes and positioning of water tanks are the main technology involved.
none

Section 4. Institutions/actors involved (collaboration, participation, role of stakeholders)

Name and address of the institution developing the technology


Integrated Rural Development and Nature Conservation (IRDNC)|3rd Floor
Office Block
Maerua Park
Windhoek

Was the technology developed in partnership?

ใช่

รายชื่อของหุ้นส่วน:

Africa Centre for Holistic Management

Specify the framework within which the technology was promoted

  • International initiative
  • Programme/project-based initiative

Was the participation of local stakeholders, including CSOs, fostered in the development of the technology?

ใช่

รายชื่อผู้มีส่วนได้ส่วนเสียท้องถิ่นที่เกี่ยวข้อง:

The approach has been pioneered through the framework of communal conservancies. Exposure visits were arranged for interested members from these conservancies which were since fully involved in the design and implementation of PGH.

For the stakeholders listed above, specify their role in the design, introduction, use and maintenance of the technology, if any.

No technology applicable

Was the population living in the location and/or nearby involved in the development of the technology?

ใช่

By means of what?
  • Consultation
  • Participatory approaches
  • Other (please specify)
ระบุ:

Exposure trips

การวิเคราะห์

Section 5. Contribution to impact

Describe on-site impacts (the major two impacts by category)

Increased availability of perennial grasses
Improved livestock condition
Increased herd sizes possible under PGH give greater security to communities against drought
Improved livestock condition leads to greater meat and milk yields
Increase forage availability
Less pressure on overused water sources

Describe the major two off-site (i.e. not occurring in the location but in the surrounding areas) impacts

None

Impact on biodiversity and climate change

Explain the reasons:

The approach increases the resilience of communities to climate change as increased herd sizes act as a buffer against drought and increased climatic variability. The increased productivity of perennial grasses will equally boost the resilience of ecosystems to cope with climate change impacts
Levels of forage, wildlife, and livestock production can all be increased through PGH. The increased herd sizes open up opportunities for the use of concentrated animal impact to increase crop yields, restore degraded pieces of land and to create firebreaks|

Has a cost-benefit analysis been carried out?

Has a cost-benefit analysis been carried out?

ไม่ใช่

Section 6. Adoption and replicability

Was the technology disseminated/introduced to other locations?

Was the technology disseminated/introduced to other locations?

ใช่

ที่ไหน:

Otjozondjupa and Omaheke regions

Can you identify the three main conditions that led to the success of the presented best practice/technology?

The use of an approach based largely on traditional knowledge
Exposure trips are a powerful tool for communities to learn about and adopt best practice approaches which can be applied in their environment
The approach is socially acceptable. Often approaches to sustainable land management promote destocking, which is not acceptable to communal farmers as their wealth lies in their livestock numbers. However PGH allows these farmers to increase their herds, while simultaneously improving the health of their environment|

Replicability

In your opinion, the best practice/technology you have proposed can be replicated, although with some level of adaptation, elsewhere?

ใช่

At which level?
  • Local
  • Sub-national

Section 7. Lessons learned

Related to human resources

Herders need to be kept motivated, internal community conflicts that impact on combining herds need to be managed. PGH has been well received by government, regional council and farmers, and good cooperation and support from stakeholders and support organisations has been noted PGH is seen as socially and culturally compatible with past practices|

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