1.2 参与方法评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra) - 荷兰

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Hoe Duurzaam - 荷兰

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Provincie Gelderland - 荷兰

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

ROM3D - 荷兰

有助于对方法进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Ministerie van Economische Zaken - 荷兰

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

18/09/2014

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 SLM技术问卷的参考

2.1 该方法的简要说明

Social innovation for sustained soil organic matter, clean drinking water and sustainable crop production

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: A group of farmers cooperates with the drinking water company and aims for a more healthy soil. The sandy soil is low in organic matter. They expect that increasing the soil organic matter content will retain more nitrates in the soil, leading to a reduction in nitrate leaching and a higher nutrient availability for the crops.
Dairy farms grow grass and corn. Some farmers also produce potatoes and cereals.
Most farms deal with suboptimal moisture conditions. Increasing the soil organic matter content and improving the soil structure is expected to be a key factor in improving soil moisture content, both in dry and wet periods.
For most farmers soil biodiversity is terra incognita. During the project they will learn about the advantages of good soil fauna and how it can add to better crops.
The case study will explore management options to increase and maintain organic matter content in soil via different rotations, specific varieties of grasses and corn, cover crops and additions of organic amendments and fertilizers. Although the case study is about soil management and technology to improve soil quality, social innovation is a key objective: combining knowledge and experience of a group of neighbours and farmers within a small region and developing solutions and opportunities for the whole area.

Methods: lectures, site visits, group sessions with models (computer sessions), kitchen table interviews (interactive advice), providing relevant literature

Stages of implementation: fund raising - building support - knowledge transfer - pilots of measures - applied expert advice - launch of the foundation HOE Duurzaam - implementation of new measures - increase of nr of participants - field excursion - closing event of the project 'gezond Zand'

Role of stakeholders: Pioneer farmers : initiating and leading the project, fouding HOE Duurzaam
Other farmers : participating, implementing measures, sharing experience
VITENS Drinking water company: providing money and urgency
ROM3d : project leader, motivating farmers, intermediate between area and government
ALterra, Wageningen UR: providing knowledge

Other important information: An adjustment in the national regulations for manure application was an important driving factor for the development of the approach. Farmers were authorised to apply more manure per ha if they have 75% of their land under grassland. This criterion changed to 80% during the implementation of the approach.

2.3 该方法的照片

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

2.7 方法的类型

• 最近的本地倡议/创新

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (energy, landscape conservation, recreation, drinking water)

The main aims and objectives of the approach were social innovation and social learning with regard to sustainable management of the land in the area. This implied combining knowledge and experience from scientists, neighbours and other farmers. The final goals are to improve soil quality, soil organic matter status and groundwater quality.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Decreasing yields, problems with management (water logging, increased irrigation requirements), changed regulation ('manure derogation') that suppressed agricultural production; drinking water production expected problems with nitrate in the groundwater.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	自我动员	8 land users submitted the application for funding to the Province to implement the measures
计划	互动	Due to the interactive nature of the project there was no official planning. There was a sequence of knowledge supplied, testing in pilots, assess outcomes, renewed pilots and implementation of measures proven succesfull.
实施	自我动员
监测/评估	互动
Research	外部支持	Lectures from external advisors (Peter Kuikman, Coen ter Berg, Jos Groten (Wageningen UR-PPO), Annemieke Smit (Wageningen UR-Alterra), Zwier van der Vechte (Wageningen UR Livestock Research) and calculation sessions with the HLB tool.

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

• 主要是土地使用者，由SLM专家提供支持

解释:

The land users took the final decisions in their selection of SLM technologies and measures. The SLM specialists contributed by giving information and advice.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

• 土地使用者

如果相关，请说明性别、年龄、地位、种族等。:

male farmers aged between 30 and 60

培训形式:

• 农民对农民
• 示范区域
• 课程

培训形式:

• advisory sessions between land users and SLM advis

涵盖的主题:

fertilisation, soil fertility, crop management

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

• 在土地使用者的土地上

说明/注释:

Name of method used for advisory service: 'zitdagen'; advisory sessions between land user and consultant; Key elements: problem analysis: which fields have the largest problems and why? training sessions with the computer tool for selection of measures to improve OM status, meetings for knowledge exchange; There was also a questionnaire to inventory the measures farmers wanted to implement.

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; The Foundation HOEduurzaam will support the continuation of SLM activities in the area.

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

• 是，少许

具体说明机构的强化或建立程度:

• 本地

具体说明支持类型:

• 财务
• 能力建设/培训

• marketing

提供进一步细节:

Foundation HOEduurzaam has small financial revenues from their activities. Campsite Veldzicht rented their accommodation several times for venues of the land users and stakeholders, and will benefit from publicity around the approach to attract more visitors.

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: pictures of development of grass undersowing and crops

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by land users, other through measurements; indicators: land users should measure OM every 4 years to get subsidies; constituents of the groundwater used to produce drinking water

There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: The approached worked well, so there were no changes until now.

There were few changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Several technologies were abandoned or could not be implemented: substituting crops in rotations (less potatoes, early germinating maize varieties), use of roadside rsidues as compost (due to legal constraints)

Humic acid was implemented at more fields after the first optimistic results. The early harvest of corn was not implemented, but sowing grasss underneath the corn was developed during the project.

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

明确话题:

• 经济/市场营销
• 技术

提供进一步的细节，并指出是谁做的研究:

economics/marketing: cost-benefit analysis still to be performed - ROM3D and Alterra and Foundation HOEduurzaam
technology: continued search for new methods and measures; mapping the status of soil organic matter and soil organic matter balance calculations with a tool - Alterra, ROM3 and Foundation HOEduurzaam

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

• 10,000-100,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (European Fund for Rural Development and the EU FP7 RECARE project): 5.0%; government (Ministry of Economic Affairs ): 40.0%; private sector (Vitens drinking water company): 10.0%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (Province of Gelderland (100-350 €/ha) - subsidy regulation for sustainable soil management): 35.0%; local community / land user(s) (labour, time investment, seeds, materials): 5.0%; other (own contributions research and consultancy firms (Alterra, ROM3D)): 5.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

• 设备

• 农业

注释:

payments were meant to cover potential costs of reduced crop yield and the agricultural contractor (loonwerker)

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

6.1 方法的影响

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

• 是

若是，请说明如何维持:

The Foundation HOEduurzaam will continue to act in the area. For the next 10 years measures will be part
of the subsidy grant.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会

Farmers are positive about the information provision on the measures in the informatoin sessions, by their mutual exchange of information, and through the direct contact with experts. They expect the measures to increase the soil organic matter and yields, also through an improved bearing capacity of the soil. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continued exchange of information on measures to increase SOM between the farmers themselves, subsidy to finance the measures (either through the regional government or the dairy company).)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会

1. social innovation by working together and learning from each other 2. HOEduurzaam (foundation) represents 98% of the land owners and land users in the area, and is an important stakeholder for the local /regional goverment 3. all training was specifically designed for the group 4. HOEduurzaam is also active in the Energie-marke, a local renewable energy cooperative (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: continuing the approach, Foundation HOEduurzaam remaining active, follow-up projects to monitor effects of measures to stimulate farmers to continue to implement the measures. )

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
No disadvantages to the approach were mentioned by the land users.	not applicable

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
1. support of the measures by consultants was only 2 years, whereas the effects on SOM are only perceptable after 10 years 2. Foundation HOEduurzaam does not have a soil expert	Bring attention to production and water use.

7.1 方法/信息来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

website of the Foundation HOEduurzaamW.A. Rienks en H. Leever, 2014. Gezond Zand – organische stof als sleutel voor een vruchtbare bodem en schoon water.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://www.hoeduurzaam.nl http://www.hoeduurzaam.nl/images/gallery/nieuws/Brochure/BrochureHoeduurzaam%20Definitief.pdf

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

W.A. Rienks en H. Leever, 2014. Gezond Zand – organische stof als sleutel voor een vruchtbare bodem en schoon water.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://www.hoeduurzaam.nl/images/gallery/nieuws/Brochure/BrochureHoeduurzaam%20Definitief.pdf