方法

Introduction of new seed varieties through demonstration plots with seed dealers [阿塞拜疆]

创建： 09/06/2013 midnight
更新： 08/02/2017 3:03 p.m.
编制者： shane stevenson
编辑者： –
审查者： David Streiff

approaches_2594 - 阿塞拜疆

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1. 一般信息

2. SLM方法的描述

2.1 该方法的简要说明

To facilitate information on new seed varieties.

2.2 该方法的详细说明

该方法的详细说明:

Aims / objectives: To build trust between the seed dealers and the farmers.
To introduce new seed varieties to rural farmers that are appropriate to the growing conditions of the region. These varieties have added benefits like taste, quality, disease resistance and longer storage capacity over local traditional varieties.

Methods: The programme uses a facilitation approach to bring stakeholders together and explain the mutual benefits of working together to improve the vegetable seed value chain in the region.

Stages of implementation: 1. Discuss with the seed dealers the idea of marketing their new imported seed varieties in the community using demonstration plots.
2. Help the seed dealer to identify capable and willing community based farmers to cultivate the demonstration plots.
3. Help facilitate the contractual arrangement between the stakeholders, in this case the seed dealer provides free seed and agricultural inputs, whilst the farmer cultivates the crop with advice from the seed dealer.
4. Just before the harvest an Open Field Day is held by the farmer and seed dealer for local rural farmers to visit the site and ask questions about the crop.

Role of stakeholders: Programme Staff: To facilitate the process and linkages between stakeholders.
Seed Dealers: to provide seed, inputs and information to the land user on cultivation methods.
Farmer: To cultivate the crop to the best of their ability and provide information to local farmers.

Other important information: In this context the seed dealer also is key player in the vegetable seed value chain for providing agricultural extension services to rural farmer, however, there are issues of trust between farmers and seed dealers due to the lack of control of quality of imported seed (90% of market), lack of information in the local language, and sold after the expired date.

2.3 该方法的照片

媒体库

2.5 采用该方法的国家/地区/地点

国家:

阿塞拜疆

区域/州/省:

Upper Karabach

有关地点的进一步说明:

Tarta / Barda / Agdam

注释:

There are 18 demonstration plots in total each up to 0.1ha in total.

2.6 该方法的开始和终止日期

注明开始年份:

2012

终止年份（若不再采用该方法）:

2013

2.7 方法的类型

基于项目/方案

2.8 该方法的主要目的/目标

The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Intensification and improved yields)

The main aim was to introduce more effective and high yielding varieties of traditional crops to the small rural farmers of central Azerbaijan, and consequently improve their livelihood status.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: There are several key problems, including low productivity, lack of agricultural knowledge, funds for investment, large rural poverty and lack of stimulus in the agricultural sector.

2.9 推动或妨碍实施本办法所适用的技术的条件

社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观

阻碍

There is an over dependence on traditional varieties of vegetable seeds and a lack of trust in the vegetable seed value chain.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: To build the trust between the seed dealer and the farmers through an evidence based process and consequently introduce better suited and higher yielding varieties.

财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性

阻碍

Traditional varieties tend to be the cheapest on the market due to the volume. Seed dealers provide rural farmers with credit until harvest time but often fail to recouperate the loans due to poor yields.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Seed dealers have increased confidence in the profit potential of new brands due to higher yields and are more likely to provide credit to farmers until harvest time.

机构设置

阻碍

The seed authority has a legal responsibility to inspect and certify seeds. At best this is a limited practice and does nothing to prevent the import of adulterated seed into the country.

Treatment through the SLM Approach:

法律框架（土地使用权、土地和水使用权）

启动

Internally Displaced People (IDPs) in Azerbaijan have very limited access to land. Many of the them live in the region of implementation of the approach. It remains to be seen if the choice of variety will help these people improve their agricultural output.

阻碍

工作量、人力资源可用性

阻碍

Many of the traditional varieties require high levels of input for cultivation to maintain yields, albeit low, and prevent disease.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: New varieties have a higher degree of disease resistance and require less agricultural inputs.

3. 相关利益相关者的参与和角色

3.1 该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责

当地土地使用者/当地社区

The land users were predominantly men i.e. 15 /18, however, there was reasonable representation by women at the field days. (The three demonstration plots tended by women land users were not as successful due to their limited technical capacity)

Also disadvantaged groups are involved. (It improved the profit margins of rural land users by increasing yield, quality and storage capacity of crops. In some cases there was a 50% increase in profits in tomato, onion, aubergine and sweet pepper).

Land user provides land and labour resources for cultivation.

社区组织

Community land users attended open days to gain information.

SLM专家/农业顾问

Seed dealers in this context

Provide agricultural extension services

Facilitate the approach

私营部门

Seed dealers

Provide inputs and advice free of charge

3.2 当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段

	当地土地使用者/当地社区的参与	指定参与人员并描述活动
启动/动机	无
计划	自我动员	the land users decide with the seed dealers on the crop to be planted
实施	自我动员	The land user is entirley responsible for the cultivation and harvest activities.
监测/评估	自我动员	The land user is responsible to report back the success of the project to the seed dealer and the local community.
Research	无

3.3 流程图（如可用）

具体说明:

The programme's role (i.e. Oxfam's) was to act as a facilitator in the process and not to provide tangible assets for the seed dealer or the farmers. It is beased up the Market for the Poor approach developed by Springfield Consultancy, UK.

作者:

S. Stevenson (Oxfam Azerbaijan)

3.4 有关SLM技术选择的决策

具体说明谁有权决定选择要实施的技术:

主要是土地使用者，由SLM专家提供支持

解释:

Seed dealer and land users were brought together by the SLM specialists, the choice of crop and variety were decided between the stakeholders.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. The seed dealers provide practical advice on the cultivation techniques to the farmer.

4. 技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

4.1 能力建设/培训

是否为土地使用者/其他利益相关者提供培训？:

是

明确受训人员:

土地使用者

community famers gain some information on the open field days.

培训形式:

示范区域
公开会议

涵盖的主题:

Specifically on cultivation techniques, inputs and irrigation.

4.2 咨询服务

土地使用者有权使用咨询服务吗？:

是

指明是否提供了咨询服务:

在土地使用者的土地上

说明/注释:

Name of method used for advisory service: Seed Dealers; Key elements: Seed variety, Cultivation, Agricultural Inputs; This is cursory support.

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; This is an informal arrangement whereby the seed dealers act as agricultural extension services, this is not their primary purpose and will only continue to do it as part of a customer service remit.

4.3 机构强化（组织发展）

是否通过这种方法建立或加强了机构？:

4.4 监测和评估

监测和评估是该方法的一部分吗？:

是

注释:

Bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: Output from demo plots was calculated
Bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: Quality of the cultivation was observed by project staff.
Technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: Number of land users attending demonstration days was recorded
Technical aspects were None monitored by project staff through measurements
There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation
There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation

4.5 研究

研究是该方法的一部分吗?

是

明确话题:

经济/市场营销

提供进一步的细节，并指出是谁做的研究:

Comparitive cost benefit analysis was undertaken between the demonstration plots and traditional varieties.

Research was carried out on-farm

5. 融资和外部物质支持

5.1 该方法中SLM组成部分的年度预算

如果不知道准确的年度预算，请给出一个范围:

< 2,000

注释（例如主要的资助来源/主要捐助者）:

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international non-government (facilitation, including the arrangement of the open field days): 65.0%; private sector (seeds and input materials): 5.0%; local community / land user(s) (labour and agricultural machinery): 30.0%

5.2 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援

土地使用者是否获得实施该技术的财政/物质支持？:

是

如果是，请具体说明支持的类型、条件和提供者:

30% of the approach was paid by the private sector (i.e. seed dealers and farmers)

5.3 对特定投入的补贴（包括劳动力）

设备

具体说明哪些投入得到了补贴	程度如何	对补贴做出具体说明
机械	充分融资

labour	充分融资

农业

具体说明哪些投入得到了补贴	程度如何	对补贴做出具体说明
种子	充分融资	new seeds

其它

其它（具体说明）	程度如何	对补贴做出具体说明
Open field day	充分融资	Training room and lunch

如果土地使用者的劳动力是一项重要的投入，那么是不是:

自愿

注释:

Land users provided the machinery and labour. However, they also received the profit from the crops.

5.4 信用

是否根据SLM活动的方法给予信用值？:

否

6. 影响分析和结论性陈述

6.1 方法的影响

该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

It improved their crop selection and had a slight impact on their technical capacity.

该方法是否有助于社会和经济弱势群体？:

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

For 15 rural farmers that have cultivated demo plots.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

It is too early to say, however this was a primary goal of the project.

Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

It did for the farmers of the demo plots, however, as we don't know how much impact it has yet, it is hard to evaluate the impact of the approach.

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?

否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大

To what extent it is hard to evaluate at this stage.

6.2 土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机

增加生产

improved production.

增加利润（能力），提高成本效益比

improve profits.

声望、社会压力/社会凝聚

a little from improved products

6.3 方法活动的可持续性

土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？:

若是，请说明如何维持:

Oxfam will continue to facilitate the demonstration plots for another season, and whereby this arrangement will then have to be self sustained. The issue is whether the seed dealer will continue with the open fields days or rely on the famer to spread the information with regards to the crop.

6.4 该方法的长处/优点

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
It was successful as profit from the land has been improved, and new varieties have been introduced. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Try more varieties to see how they grow.)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The approach was easy to implement once the stakeholders understood the idea behind it. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The famers could develop into sub dealers for the farmers.)

6.5 该方法的弱点/缺点以及克服它们的方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Availability of the seed variety in the next season is not sure.	Provide positive feedback to the seed dealers that there is a demand for their product.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
It is fully dependent upon the seed dealer participating.There are also issues to ensure that the new seed variety will continue to be imported into the country and that it remains financially competitive.	An advocacy event is planned to encourage importers to further develop links with the importers. Seed dealers were invited to a coordination meeting to discuss their experiences and share success stories.