1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - 意大利

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

19/10/2005

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

It is a stone wall built across a gully at a given interval to trap moisture and sediment for crop production.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

It is an enbankment placed in the gully. It is constructed with stones. The purpose is to conserve and retain runoff coming from upslopes. It is intended to trap sediment running from slopes. It converts gully land into cultivated. The establishment starts with a given height of stone wall which is increased every year as the need comes and when sediment fills up. It is essentially water harvesting practice and is very suitable in areas where moisture stress is high. At present new design and layout elements have been included to improve durability of structures and efficiency to store more water and soils. Top soils eroded from upper catchments and sedimented by the checkdams. Maintenance is made every year to repair breaks and additional height is given for the checkdams.

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

It evolved from the local practices.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil erosion, stream bank erosion, gully expansion

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): increase in eroded land, shortage of cultivable land.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: (1) Sorghum-Maize-Legume, (2) Sorghum-Sorghum

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Water supply: Also post-flooding

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 210 Longest growing period from month to month: Apr - Nov

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施
• 地表水管理（泉、河、湖、海）

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 10-100 平方千米

注释:

70% of the woreda is under this technology

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Wr: riverbank erosion

Main causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (suseptable for erosion), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge)

Secondary causes of degradation: overgrazing (free grazing), other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes - traditional farm implements), lack of enforcement of legislat./authority (less attention is given), land subdivision (smaller land holdings)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply, water spreading, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting, expansion of cultivated area

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: sorghum, soyabean

Contour planting / strip cropping
Material/ species: oxen plough

Contour ridging
Remarks: use basins to collect wate

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 4000
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 5x5m
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 30x30m
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 30x30m

In blocks
Vegetative material: O : other
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 30x30
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 25x25
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 25x25

Fruit trees / shrubs species: mango, orange, prunus, papaya

Perennial crops species: Coffee, Chat

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 3.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 2.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

Structural measure: infiltration ditch / sediment sand / trap
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1.5
Spacing between structures (m): 15-30
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1.5

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 3%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:1

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Change of land use type: grazing lands are put under cultivation

Control / change of species composition: incorporation of fruits and legume trees

Other type of management: change of management / intensity level - intensity of cultivation and number of weeding has increased.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.6

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	land preparation	植物性的	during early rains
2.	formation of bench terrace	植物性的	dry season
3.	manuring	植物性的	dry season 1st application
4.	planting/pitting	植物性的	during rains 2nd application
5.	stone collection	结构性的	off farming season/dry season
6.	layout, digging foundation	结构性的	off farming season/dry season
7.	shaping stone	结构性的	off farming season/dry season
8.	placing of stone	结构性的	off farming season/dry season
9.	interlocking stone	结构性的	off farming season/dry season
10.	giving shape	结构性的	off farming season/dry season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	406.0	406.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	23.0	23.0
技术建立所需总成本					429.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	land preparation	农业学的	April / once
2.	planting	农业学的	April, June / once
3.	weeding and cultivation	农业学的	June/August / twice
4.	repair in break stone walls	植物性的	dry season /as need arises
5.	increasing heights & length of stone walls (side ways)	植物性的	while cultivating /as need arises
6.	repair break in the check	结构性的	dry period/annual
7.	raising the height	结构性的	dry period/annual
8.	increasing the length	结构性的	dry period/annual

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	40.0	40.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	23.0	23.0
技术维护所需总成本					63.0

注释:

length of structure

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

labour

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 1001-1500 m a.s.l. (Ranked 1, 1001 m a.s.l) and 1501-2000 m a.s.l. (ranked 2)
Landforms: Also Footslopes (ranked 2) and valley floors (ranked 3)
Slopes on average: Also moderate (ranked 2) and hilly (ranked 3)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is low
Soil drainage/infiltration is good
Soil water storage capacity is low (ranked 1) and very low (ranked 2)

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
60% of the land users are poor.
40% of the land users are poor.
Level of mechanization: Manual work (ranked 1, tillage is primarily done manually) and animal traction (ranked 2, large portion of farmers use oxen plough on gentle slopes)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 50-90%

注释:

50% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

50% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: farmers who have implemented the technology have improved their income.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
conserve moisture
increases yield

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
high efficiency for storing soil and water, How can they be sustained / enhanced? frequent maintenanace and upgrading
durable
forms bench fast