1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - 意大利

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Ethiopia (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development) - 埃塞俄比亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

30/05/2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Earh-checks are constructed of earth embankment put across in a deep gully in such a way to trap sediment and store water passing by it.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Active deep gullies are plugged by digging earth from the bottom as well as gully sides and embanked forming a barrier to runoff passing through it. The embankment is reinforced by planting useful plants such as banana, sesbania, gravillea, gesho, etc., The purpose is to rehabilitate gullies having depth and expand along sides and towards the head. By constructing earth checks the water is stored in the checks. The water percolates down the ground enriching the ground water. The soil is trapped in the checks and later brings up the gully gradient higher. As a result, a cultivable/cropable strip is formed. Weeding and cultivation done to plants established.The gully fence and breaks are repaired. The technology is seen to be suitable to humid highlands where land loss by gully is a serious problem and land under cultivation and grazing is getting here and there. In brief it is suitable in areas where land degradation problem is increasing with currently cultivated and grazed lands are encroched by gully expansion.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology is introduced but highly modified by adjesting design, layout and by increasing use of locally available materials for construction.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Monocropping, soil erosion, fertility mining, overgrazing, improper runoff management.

Grazingland comments: Livestock such as cows, oxen, donkeys and horse are thethered at a very small piece of land left infront of houses usually meant for social purposes. Some farmers thether their animals in a piece of land left uncropped in the field. The most part of livestock feed comes from crop residue which is collected from crop fields. Maize stalk, teff straw and enset leaves are fed stall.

Forest products and services: timber, fuelwood, grazing / browsing

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Maize-sweet potato-Teff-potato-sorghum

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 210 Longest growing period from month to month: Apr - Oct Second longest growing period in days: 180 Second longest growing period from month to month: Aug - Jun

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施
• 集水

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 51.2 m2.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Main goals: Also rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

SNNPR

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: water harvesting / increase water supply, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting

Secondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length

Early planting
Material/ species: maize
Quantity/ density: 85000/ha
Remarks: sawn in lines

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: maize-sweet potato/haricot bean
Remarks: inter cropped & strip cropped

Contour planting / strip cropping
Material/ species: maize-taro-enset

Mulching
Material/ species: enset

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: maize, potato, sweet potato, traro

Mineral (inorganic) fertilizers
Material/ species: Teff, maize, sorghum

Rotations / fallows
Material/ species: maize-tarro-sorghum
Remarks: only rotations

Breaking compacted topsoil
Remarks: primary and secondary oxen tillage

Contour tillage
Remarks: tillage done following contour

Agronomic measure: harrowing

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: O : other
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.2-0.5
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2-4
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5-2
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5-1

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 4000
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.2
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1.5x1.5
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1.5
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1.5

In blocks
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 2500
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2x2
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2

Trees/ shrubs species: Leucaena, Sesbania, Grevillea

Fruit trees / shrubs species: Mango, papaya, Avocado

Perennial crops species: Casava

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 10.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 8.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

Diversion ditch/ drainage
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 100
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 100

Retention/infiltration ditch/pit, sediment/sand trap
Vertical interval between structures (m): 0.5
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.7
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 4
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.75
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6

Terrace: backward sloping
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1.5
Spacing between structures (m): 12
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.9
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 50-75

Bund/ bank: level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1.2
Spacing between structures (m): 10
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.7
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 50-80
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.75

Construction material (earth): Most of the structural measures are made by earth involving excavation and embankment.

Construction material (stone): Stone is mainly used for demonstration.

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 10%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 8%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Change of land use type: The land after treatment is closed

Control / change of species composition: Grazing land changed to plantation and cropping

Other type of management: change of management / intensity level - Grazing land changed to plantation and cropping

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.5

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Land preparation	植物性的	September, october
2.	Sugar cane planting	植物性的	November
3.	Sugar cane cultivation	植物性的	January/August
4.	Casava planting	植物性的	April
5.	Casava cultivation	植物性的	June
6.	Maize planting	植物性的	January-1st plough, April 2nd plough
7.	Maize cultivation	植物性的	June
8.	Sweet potato planting	植物性的	September
9.	Sweet potato cultivation	植物性的	October
10.	Fruite trees	植物性的	June
11.	Digging foundation	结构性的	November-February
12.	Forming embankment	结构性的	November-February
13.	Side wall shaping	结构性的	November-February
14.	Planting trees and shrubs	结构性的	March-1st planting & June 2nd planting
15.	Excluding animals by fencing and guarding	管理	all year
16.	Construct cutoff drain	管理	dry season
17.	Establish buffer zone between Area enclosure and crop land by strip of plantation	管理	June/July
18.	Construct earth checks and trenches in the gully	管理	dry season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	282.3	282.3	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	270.6	270.6	100.0
植物材料	Seedlings	ha	1.0	117.6	117.6	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					670.5

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 24 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Land preparation	农业学的	september, october / 2 times
2.	Sweet potato planting	农业学的	September / each cropping season
3.	Sweet potato cultivation	农业学的	October / each cropping season
4.	Maize planting	农业学的	January/April / each cropping season
5.	Maize cultivation	农业学的	June / each cropping season
6.	Teff sawing	农业学的
7.	Teff weeding	农业学的
8.	Prunning	植物性的	october /once
9.	Mulching	植物性的	october /once
10.	Thining	植物性的	october /once
11.	Fencing	植物性的	any time /once
12.	Weeding	结构性的	June/each cropping season
13.	Cultivation	结构性的	March/each cropping season
14.	Replanting	结构性的	June/each cropping season
15.	Repair in breaks	结构性的	November-February/each cropping season
16.	Fence	结构性的	each cropping season
17.	Repair breaks on cutoff drain and earth checks	管理	dry season / 2 years
18.	Prunning, weeding and cultivation	管理	end of rains / each cropping season

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Machinery/ tools: spade, hoe

Length and width of structure

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Factors affecting costs in this technology are the depth and width of gully, steepness of slope, planting and replanting of vegetative materials.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Slopes on average: Moderate (ranked 1, about 70%), gentle and rolling (both ranked 2) and flat (ranked 3)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Deep (Soils are very deep (75%))
Soil texture: Medium (fertile loam soils)
Soil fertility is medium (ranked 1) and high (ranked 2)
Topsoil organic matter: Medium (ranked 1, in the crop lands), low (ranked 2, degraded areas) and high (ranked 3, around the homestead)
Soil water storage capacity: Medium (ranked 1, on crop land) and high (ranked 2, on flat plateau land)

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: > 500 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
5% of the land users are rich.
10% of the land users are average wealthy.
45% of the land users are poor.
40% of the land users are poor.
Off-farm income specification: Farmers who have SWC measures on their land produce more and hence have better financial income, which could allow them get involved in petty trade and other activities.
Level of mechanization: Animal traction (ranked 1, crop lands) and manual work ( ranked 2, homstead and gully lands)
Market orientation of cropland production system: subsistence (self-supply, maize) and mixed (subsistence/ commercial, sweet potato, teff, coffee)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

50 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support