1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

The Transboundary Agro-ecosystem Management Project for the Kagera River Basin (GEF-FAO / Kagera TAMP )

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - 意大利

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry, and Fisheries of Uganda (MAAIF) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

30/01/2014

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Soil erosion control for annual crops in flat land using intercropping.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

This technology involves growing of minor crops with major crops. More than one crop is grown on the same piece of land. The land user we visited had managed beans in a banana plantation . He used light labour during weeding and harvesting season.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose of practicing intercropping was to reduce soil erosion , to increase agricultural outputs, to raise water holding capacity in the soil.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Establishment: sowing of seeds was done through use of light labour . Minor seeds were sown with major seeds like beans with banana plantation.

Weeding: Is also done in the middle of the season , leguminous crops are planted to maintain the soil fertility.

Various inputs are used , e.g.. hoes, pangas and light labour.
20 persons were used and each paid Shs 10000 per week.

Natural / human environment: The nature of the area /village where the technology is being practiced is a flat area with loamy soils.

The area receives two rain seasons in a year.

This village has 160 households (Kijonjo village) 55% of farmers have already adopted this technology.
They normally grow annual & perennial crops like banana, coffee, beans and ground nuts purposely for commercial and subsistence purpose.

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

This technology was initiated in 1995 by extension advisors in partnership with farmers.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): There was over cropping in this village which led to soil erosion and deforestation.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): There was rapid loss of soil fertility due to mono culture practice.

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Cropland: Ca: Annual cropping

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: The area favored the growing of ground nuts together with banana and some coffee on the same piece of land.

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Cropland: Cp: Perennial (non-woody) cropping

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 40 Longest growing period from month to month: March to May. Second longest growing period in days: 92 Second longest growing period from month to month: September to December.

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 轮作制度（轮作、休耕、轮垦）

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 0.1-1 平方千米

注释:

The technology is applied on 3 acres but this farmer has 10 acres. 7 acres is left uncultivated due to inadequate funds.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: agronomic measures

Specification of other agronomic measures: Intercropping.

Type of agronomic measures: mixed cropping / intercropping

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Pu: loss of bio-productive function due to other activities, Bc: reduction of vegetation cover

Main causes of degradation: soil management (soil was poorly managed due to monoculture practice.), change in temperature (lead to death of living organism that are used in soil formation.), poverty / wealth (lead to deforestation to earn a living.)

Secondary causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (most trees whic are supporting soil were reduced.)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: increase in organic matter

Secondary technical functions: improvement of topsoil structure (compaction), reduction in wind speed

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: Hand hoe
Quantity/ density: 15 hoes
Remarks: 3 hectares

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Purchase of tools	农业学的

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	10.0	10.0	75.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	6.5	6.5	75.0
技术建立所需总成本					16.5

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 2 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Removing weeds from garden.	农业学的	Dry season.
2.	Direct seeding.	农业学的	Early october
3.	site is left for fallowing for 10 months and apply surface soil treatment.	农业学的	After harvest.

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	25.0	25.0	75.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	6.8	6.8	75.0
技术维护所需总成本					31.8

注释:

Machinery/ tools: hand hoesand panga.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour was expensive due to compaction of soil present by then.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 1233.3 &1633.3 m.a.s.l.

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil texture: Medium (ranked 1, it is well structured) and fine (ranked 2, have fine particles)
Soil fertility: High (Due to growing of leguminous crops)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium (ranked 1, small holes on soil available) and good (There is no compaction on soil)
Soil water storage capacity: Very high (living organisms formed holes on soil) and high (It is a flat area, no flowing of soil from one part to another, both ranked 1)

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Ground water table: <5m (The area is flat naturally)
Availability of surface water: Good (especially in rain season)
Water quality (untreated): Good drinking water (They have two bore holes in the whole village)

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 1% - 2%
55% of the land users are rich and own 65% of the land (They grow for commercial.).
45% of the land users are average wealthy and own 35% of the land (They grow for subsistence).
Off-farm income specification: In the area visited, the income from off farm is on average because the profit they gain from their business is very low, they have retail business.
Level of mechanization: Manual work (light labour is used)
Market orientation: Subsistence (ranked 1, crops are grown on small scale) and mixed (ranked 2, fewowave big banana plantation, and few grow beans & groundnuts on large scale)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

注释:

Part of land in this village is owned by land lord with a tittle, water is communal.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

In the establishment of this technology he invested a lot and benefits were very low, but maintenance costs od coffee were low, which means that the profit was high and takes short term returns.

6.5 技术采用

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

532

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 10-50%

注释:

68% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

32% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

170 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: The percentage is medium because some land users lack inputs like hoes ,and others lack funds to buy seeds.

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Adoption culture ranging in 50% among some farmers.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
It improved soil fertility. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Encourage farmers to grow more annual crops that increase nutrients in soil.
It allows them to get variety of crop outputs ,and reduces poverty in the community. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Government should provide them with seeds.
It reduces famine among the farmers because crops mature early. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Encourage government subsidies to improve it.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
There is maximum utilization of land. How can they be sustained / enhanced? 1. Encourage farmers to practice it.
Improves soil fertility. How can they be sustained / enhanced? 2. Planting more leguminous crops.
Total yields per unit area are high. How can they be sustained / enhanced? 3. Practice it regularly. Farmer field school should be promoted.
Easy weed control since there is no space left. How can they be sustained / enhanced? 4. Positive attitude towards technology should be increased.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
There is wastage of fertilisers when legumes are included.	Farmer field schools should be provided.
Machines can not be used.	Proper spacing.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
There is competition for light, moisture , water and other nutrients.	Technical advice should be provided on spacing.
It encourages pests and diseases.	Encourage constant treatment of crops.

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Kagera TAMP Project website

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://www.fao.org/nr/kagera/en/