1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

LGU of La Libertad - 菲律宾

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Southern Tagalog Integrated Agricultural Research Center (STIARC) - 菲律宾

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Bureau of Soils and Water Management (Bureau of Soils and Water Management) - 菲律宾

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Regional Field Office N0. 4A (RFO IV-A ) - 菲律宾

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

27/05/2015

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Contour farming is a technology practiced in sloping areas in which hedgerows are established along the contours and other annual/cash crops are grown in the alleys between the hedges.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Contour farming is being practiced by the farmers in sloping areas to prevent or control soil erosion. Hedgerows are established along contour lines using napier grass and permanent crops like banana and coconut. In between contour lines, corn is inter-cropped with peanut. It is a traditional practice of farmers and one of the conservation techniques for the Conservation Farming Village Approach (CFV).

Purpose of the Technology: This is practiced by farmers to control surface run-off, erosion and to conserve natural soil fertility. Napier grass is also planted as source of feeds for the livestocks. The technology controls dispersed runoff, reduce slope angle and length.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Contour lines were established using an A-frame to determine the location of the hedgerows to be planted. Napier grasses are planted along the contour at 8x8m and 4X4m distance. Grafted cacao trees are also inserted in between banana at 4X4 distance. The alleys between hedges measuring 4m wide and 30m long are planted with corn and peanut. Napier grass is regularly trimmed to maintain a height of not more than a meter, using the cuttings as livestock fodder.

Natural / human environment: The area is under a humid cilmate condition with an average annual rainfall of 1000-1500 mm per year. Its elevation is 500-1000 m above mean sea level.The average cropland size of land users is less than or equal to 0. 5 hectare with a slope ranging from 18-25%. Income of land users are derived from the crops sold.The Local Government Unit (LGU) provides truck to transport the harvested crops of the farmers from the village to the town market twice a week.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology is a traditional practice in the Philippines and was integrated as part of the conservation techniques under the Conservation Farming Village approach.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil erosion and soil fertility decline.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Lack of animal grazing areas and limited plain or level areas for crop production.

Livestock is grazing on crop residues

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.0025 m2.

Farmers practice contour farming only in small areas or parcels of land

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: agronomic measures, vegetative measures

Type of agronomic measures: mixed cropping / intercropping, contour planting / strip cropping, legume inter-planting, manure / compost / residues, breaking crust / sealed surface

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Bc: reduction of vegetation cover

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Lack of knowledge on fertilizer usage), crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub) (intensive tillage due to crop production), deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (illegal logging, slash and burn), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (charcoal making for livelihood)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Main goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Crops planted in the contour.

Location: Brgy. Talaon. La Libertad, Negros Oriental

Date: May28, 2015

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, Minimize soil erosion due to runoff, Serve as soil nutrient traps

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length, stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder)

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: corn and peanut
Quantity/ density: 10kg/.25ha
Remarks: in between contour hedges

Contour planting / strip cropping
Material/ species: napier, banana, coconut and cacao
Quantity/ density: 20kg/.25ha

Legume inter-planting
Quantity/ density: 20kg/.25ha

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: vermi-compost
Quantity/ density: 500kg

Breaking crust / sealed surface
Material/ species: rotavator
Remarks: plowing two times

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Number of plants per (ha): 500
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 4
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): drill
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.3

Vegetative measure: contour (banana)
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 64
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 4
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 4
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 4

Vegetative measure: contour (cacao)
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 64
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 4
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 4

Vegetative measure: contour (cococnut)
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 32
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 4
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 8
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 8

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs

Fruit trees / shrubs species: banana, cacao, coconut

Grass species: napier grass

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 8%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 5%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 3-5%

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Laying out and establishment of contour lines/hedgerows	植物性的	before onset of rainy season
2.	Planting of hedgerows (Napier grass)	植物性的	Rainy season. one week after laying out
3.	Planting of perennial crops along contour	植物性的	Rainy season. 1 week after laying out

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

如果可能，按下表分列技术建立费用，并列明各项投入和每项投入的费用。如果您无法分解成本，给出建立该技术的总成本估算。:

122.77

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Laying out and establishment of contour	Person/day	3.0	2.22	6.66	40.0
劳动力	Planting of crops and hedgerows	Person/day	10.0	2.22	22.2	100.0
植物材料	napier seeds	kg	300.0	0.0133	3.99	100.0
植物材料	banana seeds	plants	64.0	0.11093	7.1	100.0
植物材料	cacao seeds	plants	64.0	0.55565	35.56	100.0
植物材料	coconut seeds	plants	32.0	0.88875	28.44	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	herbicide	liter	1.0	17.78	17.78	40.0
施工材料	bamboosticks	picks	50.0	0.012	0.6	40.0
施工材料	A-frame	unit	1.0	0.44	0.44	40.0
技术建立所需总成本					122.77

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Land clearing/ preparation (plowing, rotavating, harrowing) of alleys between contours	农业学的	Before onset of rainy season
2.	Furrowing	农业学的
3.	Planting of corn (first cropping)	农业学的	Raining season
4.	Weeding, insect control	农业学的
5.	Harvesting of first crop	农业学的
6.	Land Preparation for the second cropping (plowing, harrowing/rotavating, furrowing)	农业学的
7.	Planting of corn + Planting of peanut (second cropping- corn + peanut)	农业学的
8.	Weeding / Insect control	农业学的
9.	Harvesting of corn and peanut	农业学的

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果可能，按下表分解技术维护费用，并列明各项投入和每项投入的费用。如果您无法分解成本，给出维护该技术的总成本估算。:

146.63

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Land Preparation with machine / furrowing	Person/day	3.0	7.11	21.33	100.0
劳动力	Animal Labour	Person/day	2.0	2.67	5.34	100.0
设备	Other Labour: Weeding, harvesting	Person/day	14.0	2.22	31.08	100.0
植物材料	Corn seeds	kg	10.0	0.444	4.44
植物材料	Peanut seeds	kg	20.0	2.0	40.0	100.0
植物材料	Seeds undefined	kg	10.0	0.444	4.44	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Fertilizer	kg	500.0	0.08	40.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					146.63

注释:

Machinery/ tools: rotavator

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The slope of the area contributes to the additional labor cost in the establishment of contours.The steeper the slope, the higher labor cost will be incurred.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zones: 720 m

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly disadvantaged land users

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 1% - 2%; 2%

70% of the land users are poor and own 70% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: Hired laborers for the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Project on National Greening Program

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	不好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

More income added from Napier grass

6.5 技术采用

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

18 land user families have adopted the Technology

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 10-50%

注释:

Comments on acceptance with external material support: Single farmer focused on napier production and used as hedgerows

28% of land user families (4) who have adopted the Technology did it spontaneously.

4 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: Practiced contouring but some are partial adoption (rock wall)

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Additional barangays will be adopting the technology.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Availability of labor force in the community. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Encourage more farmers to adopt the technology and utilize available labor force.
The technology generated jobs and increase the income of the landusers practicing the technology. How can they be sustained / enhanced? To conduct continuous capacity building to land users and their children to ensure sustainability.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Soil erosion was reduced because of the presence of the hedge rows that traps eroded soil. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Include other structural measures such as silt traps and brush dams to trap silts.
The kind of hedgerows planted depends on the need of the landusers. Farmers with livestock used napier and forage grasses as hedges while others planted perennial and cash crop to supplement their food requirement. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Conduct crop suitability evaluation and market study.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Poor road network from the center of the town to the barangay.	Construction of farm-to-market road to improve the accessibility of the barangay.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Lack of irrigation system in the cropping area	Provision of irrigation system such as solar pump and small farm reservoir.