1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Direction générale des fôrets - 突尼斯

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Institut des Régions Arides de Médenine (Institut des Régions Arides de Médenine) - 突尼斯

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Ghent University (UGent) - 比利时

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

23/04/2013

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Protection and reforestation of degraded arid lands in pre-Saharan Tunisia.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Protection and reforestation of degraded arid lands in central and southern Tunisia (Bled Talah region) with tree species Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana. A. raddiana is a native trees species which is able to tolerate extreme droughts and to persist on the edge of the Sahara desert. Acacia plantations are set up following a 3m x 3m grid using seedlings of A. raddiana. Seedlings are planted in the bottom of infiltration pits which are constructed for rainwater harvesting. Protection of the plantation area is established by means of a fence.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose of afforestation is the rehabilitation of degraded drylands and restoration of the original forest-steppe ecosystem in the Bled Talah region, which suffered for over a century from overexploitation of natural resources and intensification of agricultural activities. Focus is put on the synergy between the protection of the natural resources with the involvement of local people and the improvement of their livelihoods.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The protection of the Bled Talah region was initiated in 1936 and from then on several actions were undertaken such as the construction of a tree nursery and the creation of Integral Protection Zones through complete fencing. The Bled Talah area was designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1977. Bou Hedma National Park was officially created by the Ministry of Forests in 1980 covering an area of approximately 16.000 ha. The park consists of three Integral Protection Zones or core areas which are completely fenced, two agricultural zones and two buffer zones. Since the 1970s, several reforestation campaigns with A. raddiana are conducted in the Integral Protection Zones.

Natural / human environment: Arid Tunisia, i.e. the central and southern part of Tunisia, is characterized by an extremely irregular spatiotemporal rainfall pattern, a limited amount of rain (350 mm maximum per year), a limited number of days of rain (15 to 40 days a year) and a high average annual temperature (18 to 21 °C).

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Overexploitation of natural resources such as tree cutting for fuelwood and intensification of agriculture such as intensive grazing of cattle lead to increased pressure on the environment causing severe degradation of the orginal ecosystem.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Less arable land and reduced fodder availability in the region.

Semi-nomadism / pastoralism: Yes

Selective felling of (semi-) natural forests: Yes

Forest products and services: timber, fuelwood, grazing / browsing

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Forests / woodlands: Fp: Plantations, afforestations

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Grazing land: Ge: Extensive grazing land

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

牲畜密度（如相关）:

> 100 LU /km2

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 区域封闭（停止使用，支持恢复）

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 165 m2.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: vegetative measures, structural measures

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -linear

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Et: loss of topsoil, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Bc: reduction of vegetation cover, Bs: quality and species composition /diversity decline, Bl: loss of soil life

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Pk: sealing and crusting, Hg: change in groundwater / aquifer level

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (tree cutting for fuel), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (fodder), overgrazing (intensive grazing), population pressure

Secondary causes of degradation: land tenure, poverty / wealth

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

注释:

Main goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Third goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Fenced plantation with Acacia trees on a 3m x 3m grid with cross section of infiltration pit (length given in cm)

Location: National Park Bou Hedma. Sidi Bouzid

Date: 2014-02-04

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, improvement of ground cover, improvement of surface structure (crusting, sealing), improvement of topsoil structure (compaction), stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase in organic matter, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…), increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, increase of biomass (quantity), promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder)

Secondary technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, increase of surface roughness, improvement of water quality, buffering / filtering water, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting, reduction in wind speed

Aligned: -linear
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 1000
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 3
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 3

Trees/ shrubs species: Acacia raddiana

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 0%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0%

Construction material (other): wire fence

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Tunisian Dinar

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

1.65

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	seed collection	植物性的	June/July/August
2.	tree nursery	植物性的	July/August
3.	plantation	植物性的	rainy season (sept-->dec)
4.	installation fence	结构性的	1 day

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	330.0	330.0
施工材料	Iron wire fence	ha	1.0	1600.0	1600.0
施工材料	iron poles	ha	1.0	800.0	800.0
技术建立所需总成本					2730.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 8 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	follow up plantation (irrigation)	植物性的	weekly 1 day by 2 workers for 1 year

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	30.0	30.0
技术维护所需总成本					30.0

注释:

The above costs were calculated for the establishment of a 1 ha fenced plantation with 1000 seedlings on a 3m x 3m grid. From collecting seeds to planting of the seedlings and fencing the plantation it takes about 8 months. Irrigation through the first year after planting is done to ensure survival of the seedlings.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The most determinate factor affecting the costs is tree nursing. This factor is not only labour intersive but also high in water demand.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil texture: coarse/medium (loamy sand/sandy loam)
Soil fertility is low
Soil drainage/infiltration is medium - poor
Soil water storage is low - medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly Leaders / privileged

Difference in the involvement of women and men: Mainly men are involved because the establishment of a plantation is labour intensive.

Population density: < 10 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 团体
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	不好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	不好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

Comments on acceptance with external material support: Until now no land users have implemented the technology because the government does not provide any incentives/subsidies.

There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
protection (less soil degradation) and rehabilitation of the natural ecosystem How can they be sustained / enhanced? involvement of local people
direct and indirect improvement of the livelihoods of local people How can they be sustained / enhanced? awareness raising
improved soil carbon stocks How can they be sustained / enhanced? maintenance of existing and establishment of new plantations
increased biodiversity (trees act as fertility islands facilitating the growth of ground cover plants) How can they be sustained / enhanced? maintenance of existing and establishment of new plantations

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
no tree planting initiatives undertaken by local people	incentives/subsidies from government
no public awareness of importance to conserve natural resources	set up of a large educational program with regular activities in the park and further elaboration of the small ecological museum