{'is_geometry': True, 'configuration': 'technologies', 'additional_translations': {}, 'key': 'Map', 'value': '{"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"type":"Feature","id":1488637305348,"geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[9.647665,34.475025]},"properties":null}]}', 'questionnaire_object': <Questionnaire: {"qg_name": [{"name": {"en": "Area closure and reforestation with Acacia"}}], "qg_photos": [{"image": "71ec58bc-6b0e-4a1c-84f2-6841b02909d5", "image_date": "04/12/2012", "image_caption": {"en": "Plantation with young Acacia trees on a 3m x 3m grid"}, "image_location": {"en": "National Park Bou Hedma, Sidi Bouzid"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Maarten De Boever"}}, {"image": "b2e45230-c055-4f45-880e-d55c17a9e806", "image_date": "11/12/2011", "image_caption": {"en": "Forest-steppe ecosystem of Acacia trees with shrubs and grasses"}, "image_location": {"en": "National Park Bou Hedma, Sidi Bouzid"}, "image_photographer": {"en": "Maarten De Boever"}}], "tech_qg_1": [{"tech_definition": {"en": "Protection and reforestation of degraded arid lands in pre-Saharan Tunisia."}}], "tech_qg_2": [{"tech_description": {"en": "Protection and reforestation of degraded arid lands in central and southern Tunisia (Bled Talah region) with tree species Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana. A. raddiana is a native trees species which is able to tolerate extreme droughts and to persist on the edge of the Sahara desert. Acacia plantations are set up following a 3m x 3m grid using seedlings of A. raddiana. Seedlings are planted in the bottom of infiltration pits which are constructed for rainwater harvesting. Protection of the plantation area is established by means of a fence.\r\n\r\nPurpose of the Technology: The purpose of afforestation is the rehabilitation of degraded drylands and restoration of the original forest-steppe ecosystem in the Bled Talah region, which suffered for over a century from overexploitation of natural resources and intensification of agricultural activities. Focus is put on the synergy between the protection of the natural resources with the involvement of local people and the improvement of their livelihoods.\r\n\r\nEstablishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The protection of the Bled Talah region was initiated in 1936 and from then on several actions were undertaken such as the construction of a tree nursery and the creation of Integral Protection Zones through complete fencing. The Bled Talah area was designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1977. Bou Hedma National Park was officially created by the Ministry of Forests in 1980 covering an area of approximately 16.000 ha. The park consists of three Integral Protection Zones or core areas which are completely fenced, two agricultural zones and two buffer zones. Since the 1970s, several reforestation campaigns with A. raddiana are conducted in the Integral Protection Zones.\r\n\r\nNatural / human environment: Arid Tunisia, i.e. the central and southern part of Tunisia, is characterized by an extremely irregular spatiotemporal rainfall pattern, a limited amount of rain (350 mm maximum per year), a limited number of days of rain (15 to 40 days a year) and a high average annual temperature (18 to 21 \u00b0C)."}}], "tech_qg_5": [{"tech_who_implemented": ["implementation_externally"]}], "tech_qg_7": [{"tech_lu_comments": {"en": "Major land use problems (compiler\u2019s opinion): Overexploitation of natural resources such as tree cutting for fuelwood and intensification of agriculture such as intensive grazing of cattle lead to increased pressure on the environment causing severe degradation of the orginal ecosystem.\r\n\r\nMajor land use problems (land users\u2019 perception): Less arable land and reduced fodder availability in the region.\r\n\r\nSemi-nomadism / pastoralism: Yes\r\n\r\nSelective felling of (semi-) natural forests: Yes\r\n\r\nForest products and services: timber, fuelwood, grazing / browsing\r\n\r\nFuture (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Forests / woodlands: Fp: Plantations, afforestations"}}], "tech_qg_8": [{"tech_measures": ["tech_measures_vegetative", "tech_measures_structural"]}], "tech_qg_9": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_grazingland", "tech_lu_forest"]}], "tech_qg_11": [{"tech_lu_grazingland_extensive": ["tech_lu_grazingland_pastoralism"]}], "tech_qg_12": [{"tech_lu_forest_type": ["lu_forest_natural"], "tech_lu_forest_natural": ["lu_forest_selectivefelling"], "tech_lu_forest_products": ["tech_lu_forestproducts_timber", "tech_lu_forestproducts_fuelwood", "tech_lu_forestproducts_grazing"], "tech_lu_forest_tree_type_other": {"en": "Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana"}}], "tech_qg_19": [{"tech_watersupply": "tech_watersupply_rainfed"}], "tech_qg_20": [{"tech_slm_group": ["tech_slm_group_closure"]}], "tech_qg_22": [{"tech_measures_vegetative_sub": ["measures_vegetative_v1", "measures_vegetative_v2"]}], "tech_qg_23": [{"tech_measures_structural_sub": ["measures_structural_s6"]}], "tech_qg_26": [{"tech_measures_comments": {"en": "Main measures: vegetative measures, structural measures\r\n\r\nType of vegetative measures: aligned: -linear"}}], "tech_qg_27": [{"tech_degradation": ["degradation_erosion_water", "degradation_erosion_wind", "degradation_chemical", "degradation_physical", "degradation_biological", "degradation_water"]}], "tech_qg_28": [{"degradation_erosion_water_sub": ["degradation_wt"]}], "tech_qg_29": [{"degradation_erosion_wind_sub": ["degradation_et"]}], "tech_qg_30": [{"degradation_chemical_sub": ["degradation_cn"]}], "tech_qg_31": [{"degradation_physical_sub": ["degradation_pk"]}], "tech_qg_32": [{"degradation_biological_sub": ["degradation_bc", "degradation_bs", "degradation_bl"]}], "tech_qg_33": [{"degradation_water_sub": ["degradation_hg"]}], "tech_qg_34": [{"degradation_comments": {"en": "Main type of degradation addressed: Et: loss of topsoil, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Bc: reduction of vegetation cover, Bs: quality and species composition /diversity decline, Bl: loss of soil life\r\n\r\nSecondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Pk: sealing and crusting, Hg: change in groundwater / aquifer level\r\n\r\nMain causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (tree cutting for fuel), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (fodder), overgrazing (intensive grazing), population pressure\r\n\r\nSecondary causes of degradation: land tenure, poverty / wealth"}}], "tech_qg_35": [{"tech_prevention_comments": {"en": "Main goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land\r\n\r\nSecondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation\r\n\r\nThird goals: prevention of land degradation"}}], "tech_qg_36": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 330.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Labour"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 330.0}], "tech_qg_39": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 1600.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Iron wire fence"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 1600.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "ha"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 800.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "iron poles"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 800.0}], "tech_qg_43": [{"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "weekly 1 day by 2 workers for 1 year"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "follow up plantation (irrigation)"}}], "tech_qg_45": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 30.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Labour"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 30.0}], "tech_qg_52": [{"tech_input_maint_comments": {"en": "The above costs were calculated for the establishment of a 1 ha fenced plantation with 1000 seedlings on a 3m x 3m grid. From collecting seeds to planting of the seedlings and fencing the plantation it takes about 8 months. Irrigation through the first year after planting is done to ensure survival of the seedlings."}}], "tech_qg_54": [{"tech_rainfall": ["tech_rainfall_less_250", "tech_rainfall_251_500"], "tech_rainfall_specifications": {"en": "Rainy season September-December"}}], "tech_qg_55": [{"tech_agroclimatic_zone": ["tech_agroclimatic_zone_arid"], "tech_agroclimatic_zone_specifications": {"en": "Thermal climate class: subtropics"}}], "tech_qg_56": [{"tech_slopes": ["tech_slopes_flat"], "tech_landforms": ["tech_landforms_plateau"], "tech_altitudinalzone": ["tech_altitudinalzone_100_500"]}], "tech_qg_58": [{"tech_soil_depth": ["tech_soil_depth_deep"], "tech_topsoil_organic": ["tech_topsoil_organic_medium", "tech_topsoil_organic_low"], "tech_soil_texture_topsoil": ["tech_soil_texture_coarse", "tech_soil_texture_medium"]}], "tech_qg_59": [{"tech_soil_comments": {"en": "Soil texture: coarse/medium (loamy sand/sandy loam) \r\nSoil fertility is low\r\nSoil drainage/infiltration is medium - poor \r\nSoil water storage is low - medium"}}], "tech_qg_60": [{"tech_groundwater": "tech_groundwater_5_50m", "tech_surfacewater": "tech_surfacewater_poor", "tech_waterquality": "tech_waterquality_agriculturaluse"}], "tech_qg_66": [{"tech_speciesdiversity": "measure_medium"}], "tech_qg_71": [{"tech_gender": ["gender_men"], "tech_wealth": ["tech_wealth_poor"], "tech_individuals": ["individuals_employee"], "tech_offfarm_income": ["offfarm_income_10_50"], "tech_market_orientation": ["tech_market_orientation_subsistence", "tech_market_orientation_mixed"]}], "tech_qg_72": [{"tech_land_comments": {"en": "Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology: < 0.5 ha, < 0.5 ha, 0.5-1 ha, 1-2 ha"}, "tech_land_size_relative": ["tech_size_largescale"]}], "tech_qg_73": [{"tech_ownership": ["tech_ownership_group", "tech_ownership_individualtitled"], "tech_landuserights": ["tech_userights_individual"], "tech_wateruserights": ["tech_userights_communal"]}], "tech_qg_77": [{"tech_landuser_comments": {"en": "Land users applying the Technology are mainly Leaders / privileged\r\n\r\nDifference in the involvement of women and men: Mainly men are involved because the establishment of a plantation is labour intensive.\r\n\r\nPopulation density: < 10 persons/km2\r\n\r\nAnnual population growth: 2% - 3%"}}], "tech_qg_79": [{"tech_impacts_fodderproduction": 6}], "tech_qg_80": [{"tech_impacts_fodderquality": 6}], "tech_qg_82": [{"tech_impacts_woodproduction": 7}], "tech_qg_87": [{"tech_impacts_productionarea": 1}], "tech_qg_93": [{"tech_input_est_comments": {"en": "Duration of establishment phase: 8 month(s)"}}], "tech_qg_95": [{"tech_input_determinate_factors": {"en": "The most determinate factor affecting the costs is tree nursing. This factor is not only labour intersive but also high in water demand."}}], "qg_location": [{"country": "country_TUN", "state_province": {"en": "Sidi Bouzid/Gafsa"}}], "tech_qg_104": [{"tech_impacts_farmincome": 2}], "tech_qg_108": [{"tech_impacts_foodsecurity": 6}], "tech_qg_115": [{"tech_impacts_slmknowledge": 7}], "tech_qg_116": [{"tech_impacts_conflictmitigation": 7}], "tech_qg_120": [{"tech_impacts_harvestingwater": 6}], "tech_qg_121": [{"tech_impacts_surfacerunoff": 6}], "tech_qg_122": [{"tech_impacts_waterdrainage": 6}], "tech_qg_123": [{"tech_impacts_groundwater": 6}], "tech_qg_124": [{"tech_impacts_evaporation": 6}], "tech_qg_125": [{"tech_impacts_soilmoisture": 6}], "tech_qg_126": [{"tech_impacts_soilcover": 7}], "tech_qg_127": [{"tech_impacts_soilloss": 6}], "tech_qg_129": [{"tech_impacts_soilcrusting": 7}], "tech_qg_130": [{"tech_impacts_soilcompaction": 6}], "tech_qg_133": [{"tech_impacts_soilorganicmatter": 7}], "tech_qg_136": [{"tech_impacts_plantdiversity": 7}], "tech_qg_139": [{"tech_impacts_habitatdiversity": 7}], "tech_qg_140": [{"tech_impacts_biomass": 7}], "tech_qg_141": [{"tech_impacts_emissioncarbon": 6}], "tech_qg_151": [{"tech_impacts_bufferingcapacity": 6}], "tech_qg_152": [{"tech_impacts_windtransportedsediments": 7}], "tech_qg_160": [{"tech_implementation_decades": "implemenation_10_50"}], "tech_qg_164": [{"tech_input_average_wage": {"en": "6.00"}, "tech_input_exchange_rate": 1.65, "tech_input_national_currency": {"en": "Tunisian Dinar"}}], "tech_qg_165": [{"tech_est_timing": {"en": "June/July/August"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "seed collection"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "July/August"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "tree nursery"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "rainy season (sept-->dec)"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "plantation"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "1 day"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "installation fence"}}], "tech_qg_168": [{"tech_exposure_incrdecr": "increase", "tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}], "tech_qg_181": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_slightlypositive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_neutral"}], "tech_qg_182": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_neutral", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_neutral"}], "tech_qg_184": [{"country": "country_TUN", "person_gender": "gender_male", "person_lastname": {"en": "Hamdi"}, "person_firstname": {"en": "Lazar"}, "person_institution_name": {"en": "Direction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des f\u00f4rets "}, "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}, {"user_id": "1032", "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}, {"user_id": "2478", "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}], "tech_qg_185": [{"tech_drawing": "5a36e114-8429-4adb-8847-79cf3b198515", "tech_drawing_author": {"en": "Maarten De Boever"}, "tech_specifications": {"en": "Fenced plantation with Acacia trees on a 3m x 3m grid with cross section of infiltration pit (length given in cm)\r\n\r\nLocation: National Park Bou Hedma. Sidi Bouzid\r\n\r\nDate: 2014-02-04\r\n\r\nTechnical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high\r\n\r\nTechnical knowledge required for land users: moderate\r\n\r\nMain technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, improvement of ground cover, improvement of surface structure (crusting, sealing), improvement of topsoil structure (compaction), stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase in organic matter, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,\u2026), increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, increase of biomass (quantity), promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder)\r\n\r\nSecondary technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, increase of surface roughness, improvement of water quality, buffering / filtering water, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting, reduction in wind speed\r\n\r\nAligned: -linear\r\nVegetative material: T : trees / shrubs\r\nNumber of plants per (ha): 1000\r\nVertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 3\r\nVertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 3\r\n\r\nTrees/ shrubs species: Acacia raddiana\r\n\r\nSlope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 0%\r\n\r\nGradient along the rows / strips: 0%\r\n\r\nConstruction material (other): wire fence"}}], "tech_qg_187": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "The technology improves the livelihoods of local people directly through income generation from employment in the park and indirectly by the improvement of climatological conditions in the neighbourhood of the park."}, "tech_impacts_other_measure": 6, "tech_impacts_other_specify": {"en": "Improved livelihoods and human well-being"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelleft": {"en": "decreased"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelright": {"en": "increased"}}], "tech_qg_191": [{"tech_adoption_comments": {"en": "Comments on acceptance with external material support: Until now no land users have implemented the technology because the government does not provide any incentives/subsidies.\r\n\r\nThere is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology"}, "tech_adoption_spontaneously": "tech_adoption_spont_0_10"}], "tech_qg_197": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}], "tech_qg_202": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_not_well"}], "tech_qg_214": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_not_well"}], "tech_qg_222": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs": 2730.0}], "tech_qg_223": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs": 30.0}], "tech_qg_225": [{"location_comments": {"en": "Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 165 km2."}}], "tech_qg_226": [{"tech_access_roads": 3, "tech_access_water": 2, "tech_access_energy": 2, "tech_access_health": 1, "tech_access_markets": 2, "tech_access_education": 3, "tech_access_financial": 2, "tech_access_employment": 2, "tech_access_techassistance": 2}], "tech_qg_232": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs_usd": 1654.55}], "tech_qg_233": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs_usd": 18.18}], "tech_qg_239": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_grazingland", "tech_lu_forest"]}], "tech_qg_243": [{"tech_lu_forest_type": ["lu_forest_plantation"]}], "tech_qg_249": [{"tech_lu_comments": {"en": "Grazing land: Ge: Extensive grazing land\r\n\r\nFuture (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Forests / woodlands: Fp: Plantations, afforestations"}}], "tech_qg_250": [{"date_documentation": "23/04/2013"}], "qg_location_map": [{"location_map": "{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1488637305348,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[9.647665,34.475025]},\"properties\":null}]}"}], "qg_accept_conditions": [{"accept_conditions": 1}], "qg_strengths_compiler": [{"strengths_compiler": {"en": "protection (less soil degradation) and rehabilitation of the natural ecosystem\r\n\r\nHow can they be sustained / enhanced? involvement of local people"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "direct and indirect improvement of the livelihoods of local people\r\n\r\nHow can they be sustained / enhanced? awareness raising"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "improved soil carbon stocks\r\n\r\nHow can they be sustained / enhanced? maintenance of existing and establishment of new plantations"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "increased biodiversity (trees act as fertility islands facilitating the growth of ground cover plants)\r\n\r\nHow can they be sustained / enhanced? maintenance of existing and establishment of new plantations"}}], "qg_funding_institution": [{"funding_institution": 1026}, {"funding_institution": 503}, {"funding_institution": 1027}], "qg_weaknesses_compiler": [{"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "no tree planting initiatives undertaken by local people"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "incentives/subsidies from government"}}, {"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "no public awareness of importance to conserve natural resources"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "set up of a large educational program with regular activities in the park and further elaboration of the small ecological museum"}}]}>, 'map_url': '/en/wocat/technologies/view/technologies_1568/map/', 'template': 'raw'}