1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

HELVETAS (Swiss Intercooperation)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Catholic Relief Services/East Africa (Catholic Relief Services/East Africa) - 肯尼亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

04/07/2011

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Contour trench bund applied on contour lines of moderate slope to trap run-off to improve infiltration and reduce flash floods.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The Contour Trench Bund technology is documented by Sustainable Land Management
Project/HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation with financial support of Swiss Agency for
Development and Cooperation(SDC) and close support and cooperation of the Catholic
Relief Service (CRS). The technology was applied in Sar-e Ahengaran watershed of Bamyan centre, an area of 0.08 km2 as part of a watershed project by the Catholic Relief Services (CRS). The total watershed area is 67 ha. The project started in October 2009 involving the community with funding support from USAID and CRS. The project came to an end in March 2013.

Purpose of the Technology: The main purpose of the contour trench bund technology is to reduce excessive surface runoff and improve infiltration. It also contributes to increased vegetation cover.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The main activities for this SLM technology include: site selection and technical planning in October 2009; demarcation of contour lines using A-frame and lime; and digging trenches and construction of soil bunds. The technology was established over 10 months. The project used a “Cash for Work” approach; local people were employed for construction works. Cost-wise, approximately 7,536 USD were spent on this technology (approximately 942 USD/ha) with 90% contribution from the project and 10% from the participating community. There have been no maintenance costs so far for this technology.

Dimensions of a trenches are: 0.7 m in depth, 1.2 m width, 3 m length and of the bunds: 0.45 m in height, 1.2 m in width, 100 m in length with 12 m spacing and 1.5 m vertical interval between two contour lines. Contour trenches were applied on hilly (16-30%) slopes at an altitude of 2500-3000 m. The technology is tolerant to temperature, seasonal rainfall, storms and droughts and sensitive to heavy rainfall events and floods. The soil in the watershed is sandy to loamy type, and infertile with a depth of 20-50 cm. The infiltration is medium.

The technology is part of the watershed management system. Other measures implemented included stone walls, cultivation of fodder grasses and ban on grazing and shrub cutting at the site. The land ownership (in the watershed) is communal with open access water rights. Medium scale land users, mainly men, applied the technology. Women and school children participated in meetings concerning awareness raising. There is also a watershed and pasture management committee for site management.

Natural / human environment: The annual rainfall in the area is 250-500 mm. The agro-climate is semi-arid and temperate type with the longest growing period of 180 days from April to October. The people in this area are mainly poor. 10-50 % of all income comes from off-farm activities. Access to health, market and financial services is low and education, roads, transport, drinking water and sanitation facilities are moderate. Agriculture is of mixed type, subsistence and commercial based.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域
• 降低灾害风险

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Reduction of the vegetation cover causes flash floods and accelerated erosion. The water level goes down and there is no moisture in the soil.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Downstream flash flood and shortage of spring water due to overgrazing of the range-land.

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Grazing land: Gi: Intensive grazing/ fodder production

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Grazing land: Ge: Extensive grazing land

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 180; Longest growing period from month to month: April to October

牲畜密度（如相关）:

10-25 LU /km2

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 横坡措施

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.08 km2.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, overgrazing

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The technical drawing of the Contour trench bund showing the layout and dimensions/spacing of the structures.
Dimensions of the trench and bund are as following:
Trench specifications:
Depth: 0.7 m,
Width: 1.2 m, Length: 3 m
Soil bund specifications:
Height: 0.45 m
Width: 1.2 m
Length: 100 m
Spacing between contour lines:
About 8 -12 m (depend on slop)
Vertical interval:
1.5 m

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, increase of infiltration

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope length, increase of groundwater level / recharge of groundwater, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Demarcation of the contour lines using A frame and Lime	结构性的
2.	Excavation of the trenches and construction of the soil bunds	结构性的

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Demarcation of the contour lines	ha	1.0	92.0	92.0
劳动力	Excavation of the trenches and construction of the soil bunds	persons/day/ha	121.0	7.0	847.0	10.0
技术建立所需总成本					939.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 10 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	No maintenance costs so far for CRS.	结构性的

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The establishment duration of the Contour Trench Bund was 10 months.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is low - medium

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium

Soil water storage capacity is medium

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Difference in the involvement of women and men: Workload does not give chance to women to work on the mountains.

Population density: < 10 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

50% of the land users are poor.

Off-farm income specification: Busy with carpentry and migrate for work.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
Extreme precipitation events especially if the technology is applied on steep slopes.	不好

注释:

Increase size, stable bunds stabilized with vegetation

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The benefits will be more in the long term when trees, shrubs and fodder grasses are ready to harvest.

6.5 技术采用

注释:

Comments on acceptance with external material support: Appropriate information is not available.

Comments on spontaneous adoption: Only soil bunds have been applied by a few farmers on their private lands.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
The technology helps to create SLM based job opportunities for many people. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Needs external support/projects.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Demonstration of link between SLM measures and water source. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Conducting training and showing drawing.
Technical knowledge of community enhanced. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Share more aspects of the technology, where to apply and how.
Flood reduction, greening of the area, increase the spring water. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Cultivate native plants, share experiences with more communities and SLM specialists.
Good for land rehabilitation (extremely degraded lands). How can they be sustained / enhanced? Always combine with vegetative and management measures.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Farmers do not prefer to construct this technology because it requires soil excavation/disturbance.	One needs to show how such measures have been applied in other parts of the world for multiple benefits through action research.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Site selection	Apply technology at suitable site that has proper slope and is really degraded. Avoid places where there is already good vegetation cover.
Higher cost of establishment of the technology.	Encourage the community for more contribution or apply where absolutely necessary.
Technical design	The designer should research more about the site and discuss with the skilled people of the community before designing.
Few vegetative measures	plant fodder grasses and adapted trees between trenches.