1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

02/06/2014

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

The technology described here is sustainable land management

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Participatory land management was used to develop, and implement, SLM practices on slopes in order to rehabilitate degraded land. The local population were involved from the beginning. They took part in soil, water and biodiversity research, as well as the formulation and implementation of the land management plan, based on suitable SLM practices. In order to benefit from local knowledge, participatory training included traditional experience in soil conservation, and based on this, appropriate SLM technologies were included in the plan of action.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The distinctive feature of this approach to rehabilitating degraded land on slopes was the involvement of the local population from the beginning. They took part in soil, water and biodiversity research, as well as the development and implementation of the land management plan, based on suitable SLM practices. In order to benefit from local knowledge, participatory training included traditional experience in soil conservation, and based on this, appropriate SLM technologies were included in the plan of action.
The following stakeholders were involved in the overall process:
• Researchers: overseeing soil, water and biodiversity research and presenting results.
• Experts: proposing alternatives in the organization of the land and in the development of integrated management system for the landscape based on research results.
• Local public administration, Joint Stock Company and farmers: contributing with knowledge and experience in analysing land, water and biodiversity resources, preparation and implementation of the action plan.
• NGO BIOS: coordinating all activities, including research, implementation, training and monitoring of activities.

The land management plan was developed together with the local population, then it was implemented. Degraded areas (landslides and heavily eroded soils) were excluded from agricultural production and used for afforestation and grassland. The following soil and water conservation practices are applied:

Vineyards and orchards:
• Conservation tillage
• Forest belts
• Grass inter-rows in vineyards and orchards

Arable land:
• Crop rotation
• Application of mineral and organic fertilizers
• Strip cropping
• Conservation tillage,
• Forest belts.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

1998

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

About 150 ha of degraded land (landslides) were taken out of agricultural production and transferred to afforestation

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 轮作制度（轮作、休耕、轮垦）
• 土壤肥力综合管理
• 病虫害综合管理（包括有机农业）

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 100-1,000 平方千米

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Regeneration of degraded commune forest as well as existing forest protective belts
2.	Soil conservation tillage
3.	Planting of grass in inter raw of vineyards and orchards together with contour tillage and other soil conservation
4.	Earth dam structure

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

The territory of Cretoaia village is situated in the Central Moldavian Plateau, at an average elevation of about 350 m. It is interlaced by deep, flat valleys, ravines, and landslide-scoured depressions.|

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Chernozems (black soils) prevail (80% of the area), however they are degraded. About 50% of the land has a gradient from 2 to 6 degrees, while 30% of the land has an inclination exceeding 6 degree. Water erosion processes are widespread and quite intense. The predominant length of the hillsides in Cretoaia is over 900 m.

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

偶然

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

The estimated average income per capita in the community over the last 3 years was 70 US dollars per month. The principal activity in the commune is agriculture. The farmers cultivate arable crops, grapes, fruits and vegetables. People also have cattle, sheep and goats in their household, mainly for home consumption and some extra for sale. There is a foodstuffs and a macaroni factory in the village, where the local population work.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

生态影响

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

有关影响评估的意见:

The expected environmental impact of the initiated actions are significant, especially in the long run. Expected changes include diminishing landslide activity, the soil erosion rates, changes in existing land use management, changes in the landscape, etc.|
The sustainable technologies were proposed and implemented for the soil to be productive. The increased production on the land were fertilizers applied in combination with soil conservation practices.
Men found another occupation - fishing in the constructed water reservoir, while for the community is meant a recreation facility. The expected social impact of implemented practices include increased jobs for people, and increases in agricultural productivity.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 10-50%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
1. Highly motivated local governments. 2. Bad weather which has led to intensifying activity against landslides 3. Clearly expressed objectives and expectations in respect to individual benefits. All these can be replicated anywhere.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Elena Bivol, Valentin Ciubotaru Urban Agriculture in Chisinau, Republic of Moldova / NGO BIOS, Chisinau, 2005, 60 p.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

NGO BIOS 72/3 Columna str., office nr. 3, Chisinau, MD-2009, Republic of Moldova Tel./Fax: +(373-22) 545733; +(373-22) 723372 GSM: +(373) 69134294 .