1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Book project: where people and their land are safer - A Compendium of Good Practices in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) (where people and their land are safer)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Christoffel Blindenmission (CBM) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

09/11/2016

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

Not problematic with regard land degradation. It provides efficient and sustainable use of available land resources.

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The inclusive, flood-resilient cluster village provides safe housing, food security and income generation for multiple families, including persons with disabilities, in a highly flood prone area of Gaibandha District in northern Bangladesh. The land was raised above flood level and is protected by deep rooted fruit trees to prevent soil erosion and provide income for the land users.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The inclusive, flood-resilient cluster village was introduced in a rural area with a high risk of recurring monsoon floods. The purpose of the technology is to provide safe housing, safe shelter for livestock, food security and income generation for ten families, including persons with disabilities.

The main components of the technology are:

1) The raising of a piece of land by seven feet (213cm), to three feet (91cm) above expected highest flood levels. Solid soil was banked up to encircle a 30'000 square feet (roughly 50x57m) piece of land and then the space within was filled up with sand collected from a nearby river bank. A one-foot layer of solid soil was added to cover the entire area.

2) The protection of the raised land from soil erosion during floods by planting a combination of deep-rooted fruit- and medicine trees around the border of the raised land. The trees include a number of different types of deep-rooted and light-rooted fruit trees and one type of medicine tree, Azadirachta Indica, locally known as "Neem". In addition, the slope of the border area was covered by grass turf to protect the soil from being washed out by rain. Two types of deep-rooted and flood resistant grasses were used. A drainage system was installed to facilitate water runoff.

3) The planting of a 150 square feet (14m2) commonly used homestead vegetable garden at the center of the cluster village. The cultivated vegetables include red spinach, jute leaf, basella leaf, spinach, radish, cabbage, okra, bottle-guts, cucumber and beans, allowing for a summer and a winter harvest. Together with the fruit trees, the vegetable garden provides food security during prolonged flooding. They also provide improved nutrition and income generating opportunities through selling of a part of the harvest in the market.

4) Making the village accessible for persons with disabilities through different accessibility measures, including the construction of a ramp, connecting the cluster village entrance with the road, and of accessible common Water-, Sanitation- and Hygiene (WASH) facilities, including a latrine, deep bore hole water source and water storage tank.

5) Installation of a solar panel to ensure uninterrupted, flood-resilient power supply. The level of power supply is sufficient to ensure coverage of electricity needs during flood season, when regular supply is around 15% below annual average.

The Cluster village was constructed as part of a disaster risk reduction project by CDD (Center for Disability in Development) from Bangladesh, with the support of CBM (Christoffel Blindenmission), an international development organization and funded by a donor from Germany. The main cost for inputs were provided to the land users by the project, including rent of construction machinery, paid labor, soil and construction material for the ramp and WASH facilities. The land users contributed labor and seedlings for the planning of the border trees and the homestead vegetable garden.

The main benefits of the technology from the perspective of land users are the protection it provides for houses and livestock, which would otherwise be in danger of loss during floods. The availability of food, water and electricity allows land users to remain in their homes during floods and avoid evacuation and the risk associated with it, including for example protection risks or the risk of theft. The flood protected vegetable gardens and fruit trees provide a year-round, sustainable source of food and income, providing food security and improved nutrition. The Neem tree provides medical and hygiene uses of the branches and leaves.

The cluster village is used as a safe space for the land users and other members of the community and their livestock during floods. Land users who are persons with disabilities or elderly benefit from the accessible infrastructure. With multiple families sharing land, the cluster villages provides optimal utilization of land resources. An additional benefit mentioned by land users is that the joint use by multiple families led to a more progressive social culture.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2016

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology was introduced as part of a disaster risk reduction project, implemented the Center for Disability in Development (CDD) with the support of Christoffel Blindemission (CBM) and with participation and leadership of the local community. The project was financially supported a group of donors from Germany.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 降低灾害风险
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

Summer and winter

牲畜密度（如相关）:

Livestock are available in every household.

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 横坡措施
• 家庭花园

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The drawing shows the layout of the disability inclusive, flood resilient Cluster village. The components of the technology are:

Raised land/plinth: 1) Purchase of land of a total area of 18'000 square feet (ca. 40x40m). Land ownership transferred to joint ownership of 10 families. 2) Collect 15'000 cubic feet (425m3) of solid soil from different pieces of land in the community. The soil was donated by members of the community, who were either related to the land users of the cluster village or donated in support of the construction of a safe space which can be used by the community during floods. 3) Banking up of 3 feet (91cm) of solid soil along the borders of the land. 4) Filling of area with 140'000 cubic feet (3965m3) of sand, extracted from a nearby riverbank with a rented sand extraction machine, raising the land to 6 feet (183cm). 5) Covering the entire area with one additional foot of solid soil, rasing the land to 7 feet (213cm), which means 3 feet (91cm) above the maximum expected flood levels.

Soil protected through deep-rooted trees: 1) Planting of deep-rooted and light-rooted fruit trees, surrounding the entire border of the raised land. The trees include deep rooted fruit trees like mango, black berry, jack-fruit, guava, coconut and areca nut, light-rooted fruit trees like banana and Papaya, a deep-rooted medicine tree, locally called "Neem" and the light-rooted Dhol Kalmi tree (pink morning glory). The number of deep-rooted threes was 100, with a spacing of around 5 feet in between each. They were planted to cover the entire perimeter of the raised land. In between the deep-rooted trees, 60 light-rooted trees were planted. In front of the deep-rooted trees, 60 bamboo bushes were planted to provide additional protection from wind and rain. 2) Turfing of the entire slope surrounding the cluster village with two flood resistant grasses: Durva (Cynodon dactylon) and Catkin grass. 3) Installation of a central drainage system with 15 plastic pipes ensuring water runoff from the wastewater pond.

Road access through ramp: The connecting ramp of the cluster village is 90 feet length, 6 feet width. There are five landing point of this ramp with smooth slopping. The construction material includes class one brick, brick stone, cement, sand, polythene and red oxide color for color contrast, which is appropriate for low vision and visually impaired persons. There is a 5 inch border on both sides of the ramp for safe movement of a wheel chair user.

Accessible household water and sanitation facilities: Latrine and wash-room are constructed for every house in the cluster village, following universal design standards. Latrines are connected to the wash room and the main house through ramps. There is a railing on both sides of the latrine and the entrance is wider for access of a wheel chair users. Water system for the latrine and wash room is provided from a water tank on three pillars behind the latrine, which is also connected to the main house for provision of drinking water. The tank is filled by hand pump ('magic pump') which functions with minimal hand pressure. The WASH facilities are accessible and usable by everyone including persons with disabilities, pregnant women or aged persons.

Home vegetable gardens: Every household has an individual homestead vegetable gardens where land users cultivate seasonal vegetables year-round. Gardens vary in size between averaging about 1.5 decimal (60m2) in size and are surrounded by bamboo fencing. The land owners are using organic fertilizer/compost for the vegetable production of their choice. By using cow's manure and wastage they are producing the compost in the behind of their houses in a ditch.

Solar system: A mini solar system is installed on the roof for each house by using a small panel with a 12-volt battery . Each system has the capacity of providing power for light for 8 hours. An introduction to system maintenance was given to the land users by the provider of the solar system.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Bangladeshi Taka

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

80.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Selecting the place for cluster village construction	管理	During rainy season in 2015
2.	Establish collaboration with 10 families who will become land users	管理	December 2015
3.	Land Raising & Ramp construction	结构性的	December 2015 to March 2016
4.	Reconstruction the existing houses of the land users on the raised land	结构性的	April 2016, before onset of rainy season 2016
5.	Planting of deep- and light-rooted fruits trees, bamboo bushes and grass turfing along the boundery	农业学的	February 2016 to March 2016
6.	Install accessible water & sanitation system	结构性的	April-June 2016
7.	Establish home garden in front of each house	植物性的	June-July 2016
8.	Install mini solar system for each house	其它措施	Aug-sep 2016
9.	Prepare livestock shed for each house	结构性的	October 2016

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

如果可能，按下表分列技术建立费用，并列明各项投入和每项投入的费用。如果您无法分解成本，给出建立该技术的总成本估算。:

1777380.0

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Land raising, tree planting and turfing on slope	person days	290.0	300.0	87000.0	10.0
劳动力	Ramp construction	person days	115.0	350.0	40250.0	10.0
劳动力	House reconstruction and WASH facilities	person days	200.0	400.0	80000.0	10.0
劳动力	Solar system installation	person days	10.0	300.0	3000.0	10.0
设备	WASH equipment (latrine, magic pump, water tank, pipes, switch, pillars and other)	pieces	10.0	46658.0	466580.0
设备	Solar system	pieces	10.0	6300.0	63000.0
植物材料	Deep rooted trees	pieces	100.0	40.0	4000.0	100.0
植物材料	Seed for vegetable	KG	5.0	1000.0	5000.0	100.0
植物材料	Sapling purchase	pieces	100.0	50.0	5000.0	100.0
植物材料	Light rooted tree	pieces	60.0	30.0	1800.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Organic fertilizer (compost)	KG	600.0	10.0	6000.0	100.0
施工材料	Rent for shallow machine for sand extraction	Daily rent	10.0	28800.0	288000.0
施工材料	Grass turfing	square feet	15000.0	10.0	150000.0
施工材料	Allowance for house reconstruction material	House	10.0	2000.0	20000.0
施工材料	Ramp construction	Piece	1.0	125750.0	125750.0
其它	Project management (monitoring and support)	persons-days	180.0	2400.0	432000.0
技术建立所需总成本					1777380.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

The project, human resource supported by CBM, CDD and a funded by private donor.

注释:

Labor for tree plantation, home stead gardening & house reconstruction was contributed by the land users.

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Turfing: Repair leakages, replace grass etc.	结构性的	before onset of rains
2.	Tree maintenance: Cutting branches, manure of roots etc.	农业学的	Rainy season
3.	Vegetable gardening	植物性的	Summer & Winter season
4.	Housing repairs	结构性的	After harvesting season/ once in a year
5.	Water and Sanitation system servicing and repairs	管理	After harvesting season/once in a year
6.	Solar system maintenance	管理	Winter season/once in ayear
7.	Village group meeting for decision making and conflict resolution	管理	Once in a month
8.	Organic composting/fertilizer production	其它措施	Continuous

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果可能，按下表分解技术维护费用，并列明各项投入和每项投入的费用。如果您无法分解成本，给出维护该技术的总成本估算。:

85000.0

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	House repairs	person days	10.0	300.0	3000.0	100.0
劳动力	Ramp repairs	person days	10.0	300.0	3000.0	100.0
劳动力	Plingth raising and plantation	person days	30.0	300.0	9000.0	100.0
劳动力	Solar system servicing by technical experts	piece	10.0	500.0	5000.0	100.0
植物材料	Seed for vegetable gardening	KG	5.0	1000.0	5000.0
施工材料	Soil for slope maintenance	square feet	5000.0	10.0	50000.0
施工材料	Sand for slope maintenance	KG	5000.0	2.0	10000.0
技术维护所需总成本					85000.0

注释:

Land users are agreed to contribute 100% maintenance cost

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Market fluctuation and scarcity of goods in the flood season.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

频繁

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Age of land users includes children, youth, middle-aged as well as elderly.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 团体

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

注释:

Land users own the land of the cluster village jointly, including a proportional share of land- and water use rights.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	非常好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 10-50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

Around 10-15% of households which equals roughly 70 households.

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

The technology is replicated by households who receive assistance from local government for families at risk of flood damage.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 不断变化的市场

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

Peoples of cluster villages are selling vegetables and fruits in the local market and some of them are carrying the fruits in the distance market. They are becoming more interested to plant more fruit trees in the cluster village. If it is continue in future it would be a fruits and vegetable market in the cluster village. At the same time they started selling cows milk in the local market and its demand is increasing day to day.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Ownership of the land user's are there. Its a community driven initiative & disability inclusive in all respect. They are happy to give shelter to the other villagers during flood season. There is an opportunity to create an example of a model village in this area.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Its an innovative program. Peoples participation and their contribution is the main asset. Universal accessibility of the cluster village communicating benefit to other villagers during rainy as well as flood season. This pilot program can be replicated to other riverine areas in Bangladesh.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The intensity of floods is difficult to predict. With average flood levels rising, land users still have to live with the risk of flood levels going beyond the level of their rised land.	More research on changing weather/climatic patterns and scientific measurement of expected flood levels.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Government and Non government organizations extension services are not available in this area. Livelihood of the cluster village peoples depending on seasonal agriculture.	Income raising multiple activity need to be introduces. A small scale disability inclusive comprehensive project could be implemented here.

7.1 信息的方法/来源