1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Uganda Landcare Network (ULN) - 乌干达

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

28/04/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Fish ponds are established where there is access to water to enhance fish production and household incomes

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Fish ponds are a common feature in Northern Uganda specifically constructed to raise fish for home consumption and sale to supplement household incomes. Often they are situated on gentle slopes (3-5%) and in wetlands protected with natural vegetation on the levees to act as stabilizers. They are usually recharged from a natural spring.

Establishment of a fish pond requires initial consultation with the extension agents or experts to access knowledge, skills on establishment as well as proper procedures including testing water suitability, presence of reliable water to constantly provide water to the pond, labour, hoes, wheel barrows, spades and slashers.

Establishment activities for the fish pond requires at least 3-5 persons for a period of 5 days per week for the following activities: (i) contacting experts or extension agents for guidance (ii) identifying of suitable land for fish pond establishment (iii) training on digging fish ponds (iv) purchasing equipment required (v) hiring labour and negotiating the payment (vi) excavating the pond and, (vii) identifying the right species of the fish and stocking the fish.

The technical specifications of a fish pond are 30 metres long and 15 metres wide. The depth should be 0.5-1metres at the shallow end and 1.5 -2 metres depth at the pond's outlet. During construction, the soil at the bottom of the planned pond needs to be well compacted. The bottom of the pond should be free of stumps or debris so to avoid leakage through cracks. The banks of the pond consists of compacted earthen rims of approx. 0.15m height and the 0.20 m width.

There shoud be 2 types or more of fish species kept in the fish pond. Sunlight can generally penetrate the pond waters to a depth of about 30-80 cm depending on the water level. The fish species mostly kept include Tilapia, Nile Perch and wild fish.

Once the technology is established the pond system requires only maintenance costs for removing weeds, feeding, restocking and slashing around the pond.
What is not liked about this technology is that it relies on a natural spring. In case of drought survival of the fish is not guaranteed.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2007

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新
• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

The farmer started the innovation using his own initiative but later involved the extension agent to train him on fish pond management

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

如果由于技术的实施而导致土地用途发生变化，则在技术实施前说明土地利的用途。:

Annual cropland: land under temporary/annual crops

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

其它（比如洪水后）:

• spring water

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

牲畜密度（如相关）:

Cows=5, Goats=5, Sheep=4. These animals are kept mainly for manure and household income.

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 地表水管理（泉、河、湖、海）

• Aquaculture

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

The technical drawing of a fish pond is vertically drawn to show a fish pond in a wetland with natural vegetation allowed to grow to establish the pond. The recommended specifications of a fish pond are within a range of 30 metres x 15 metres. The depth should be 0.5-1metres at the shallow end sloping to 1.5 -2 metres at the outlet. A rim of compacted soil encircles the pond at its banks. The average stocking is 1000-3000 fishes depending critically on the fish species and the size of the fishes, that is its stage of lifecycle.
The second techical drawing shows the structure from a crosssectional view.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Uganda Shillings

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3400.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Identify expert or extension agent to guide	其它措施	Before establishment
2.	Identifying suitable land for fish pond establishment	其它措施	Before establishment and after talking to the expert
3.	Identify location of the fish pond	其它措施	Before establishment / rainy season
4.	Training on how to establish fish pond	其它措施	Before establishment
5.	Buy equipment	其它措施	wet season/before establishment
6.	Look for labour and negotiate costs	其它措施	Before establishment/ dry season
7.	Dig the pond	结构性的	At the time of establishment / dry season
8.	Identify the right species and stock	农业学的	During establishment/ wet season
9.	Feeding	农业学的	Wet and dry season
10.	Monitoring and routine maintanance	其它措施	During the dry and wet season

注释:

Activities geared towards establishing a fish pond where favorable conditions can be sustained

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour on monthly basis	persons	5.0	150000.0	750000.0	100.0
设备	Spades	Pieces	5.0	10000.0	50000.0	100.0
设备	Slasher	Pieces	1.0	10000.0	10000.0	100.0
设备	Wheel barrow	Pieces	1.0	180000.0	180000.0	100.0
其它	Fish fry	Pieces	50.0	500.0	25000.0	100.0
其它	Feeds per week	Kilograms	5.0	10000.0	50000.0	100.0
其它	Fish nets	Pieces	7.0	50000.0	350000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					1415000.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Transporting the equipment	其它措施	During the dry season/ on set of rains
2.	Slashing	管理	Wet season
3.	Restocking the fish	农业学的	wet and dry season
4.	Providing the security of the fish	其它措施	wet and dry season
5.	Feeding	其它措施	wet and dry season
6.	Monitoring the fish	其它措施	wet and dry season
7.	Fishing	其它措施	wet and dry season
8.	Selling	其它措施	wet and dry season

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour on monthly basis	persons	1.0	150000.0	150000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					150000.0

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labour is the important factor that influences costs. The farmer used own money to hire labour.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凹陷情况

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

There is a lot of drought occurring due to deforestation

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 个人

注释:

Farmer has submitted application to Registrar of Titles for registration of land

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

High costs at the time of establishment with more benefits and increased income when fish is sold

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

6

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 气候变化/极端气候

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

Growing natural vegetation around the pond to act as bank stabilizer and fodder source

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Provides employment to the local communities
Easy to maintain with minimum costs
Provides income form the sale of the fish
Easily replicated

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Does not require high maintenance costs once established
Requires technical advice which is available with extension workers

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Easily affected by drought especially during the dry season	Water harvesting
High costs for feeding and paying labour	Use of family / group labour/ growing more vegetation
Fish is easily attacked by preditors (crocodiles) which reduces harvest	Kill preditors

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Not fenced yet poisoning is a common threat	Fencing / employ a guard
Requires more capital to establish	Link the farmer to credit institutions and pay after selling fish

7.1 信息的方法/来源