1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Decision Support for Mainstreaming and Scaling out Sustainable Land Management (GEF-FAO / DS-SLM)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Bangladesh Forest Department (Bangladesh Forest Department) - 孟加拉国

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

FAO Bangladesh (FAO Bangladesh) - 孟加拉国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Assisted natural regeneration (ANR) is a simple, low-cost forest restoration method that can effectively convert deforested lands to more productive forests.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Medhakachapia National Park (MKNP) is nationally known for protecting the most extensive stands of mature critically endangered Garjan (Dipterocarpus turbinatus) trees in Bangladesh. Other native trees present in MKNP include Telsur Hopea odorata, Boilam Anisoptera scaphula, Gamar Gmelina arborea and Chapalish Artocarpus chaplasha. MKNP is tropical semi-evergreen forest in the low hills of the Fulchari Forest Range and covers 396 hectares. The park is located in Chakaria Upazila, not far from Cox’s Bazar in the southeast part of the country. Originally, the entire park area was densely covered with Garjan forest, but now there are about 9000 mature Garjan trees as many parts have been encroached upon with agriculture. MKNP is bordered by 13 villages where most of the people depend directly or indirectly upon the forest. Encroachment by settlements and agriculture has been associated with illegal tree cutting, hunting, and collection of fuel wood, bamboo and cane and other forest products. These activities are encouraged by sawmills in the vicinity and unemployment. Due to reduced canopy coverage, the forest soils have been exposed degraded. In order to restore forest health, the Bangladesh Forest Department introduced Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) practice. The access for public recreation and education and research is allowed inside national park. However, the collection of fuel woods and non-timber forest product from national park area by the local communities is a common scenario here.
ANR aims to accelerate, rather than replace, natural succession processes by removing or reducing barriers to natural forest regeneration such as competition with weedy species and recurring disturbances (e.g., fuel wood collection, grazing, fire and wood harvesting). Compared to conventional reforestation methods, which involve planting tree seedlings, ANR offers the significant advantage avoiding costs associated with propagating, raising, and planting seedlings. ANR is most effectively utilized at the landscape level in restoring the forest protective functions, such as soil protection, and is most suitable for restoring areas where some level of natural succession is already in progress. ANR offers distinct advantages over other forest restoration methods but also has some limitations. ANR is much cheaper to implement and can be applied over larger areas than other restoration planting approaches, but may be less effective in enhancing floristic diversity at the initial stages. Some of ANR’s disadvantages can be overcome by enrichment planting with desirable species. ANR aims to accelerate, rather than replace natural succession process by removing or reducing barriers to natural forest regeneration.
Soil degradation of MKNP has been greatly reduced through practicing ANR and co-management. In MKNP co-management was established on 2009 engaging local communities. As a part of co-management activities, the Forest Department (FD) formed a Community Patrolling Group (CPG) with 35 members from the local community to protect the Garjan trees and look after the whole forest along with forester officers. Under the support from Climate-Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CREL) project of USAID, the CPG along with FD intensively patrol the forest in rotating groups to ensure that no harm is done to the mature trees and natural seedlings. As a result, sufficient tree regeneration is now taking place and their growth is accelerating. Even where weeds dominate, seedlings of pioneer tree species are often found. The minimum required number of preexisting seedlings to implement ANR depends on the acceptable length of time for the forest to be restored and site-specific conditions that influence the rate of forest recovery. As a general reference, a density range of 200–800 seedlings/ha (>15 cm in height; counting clumps in 1 m2 as one seedling) has been suggested for ANR reforestation, and it has been estimated that at least 700 seedlings/ha are needed during the early treatment period in order to achieve canopy closure within three years. Although the forest restored through ANR in MKNP will have lower commercial value in terms of timber, it will support greater biodiversity and more effectively provide for the subsistence needs of the local people compared to commercial plantations.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2014

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Climate-Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods (CREL) project of USAID

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 天然和半天然森林管理
• 改良的地面/植被覆盖

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Earlier the ground vegetation was suppressed by weeds and non-valuable plant species. Various alien invasive plant species also disturbed the natural succession process of these area. The management practice also changed from plantation in vacant area to assisted natural regeneration with the involvement of local community.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

注释:

Canopy coverage of the area were poor and top soil erosion occurred due to exposed forest cover. Through ANR the canopy coverage will be regained and reduce land degradation.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

BDT

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

84.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Site preparation (Boundary demarcation, site map preparation with GPS, marking of woody regeneration)	May-June
2.	Care and maintenance of natural regeneration (liberation and tending of woody regeneration, protection from disturbance)	June-July

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Survey for map preparation and marking of woody regeneration	person-days	1.0	500.0	500.0
劳动力	Tying up seedlings and young trees	person-days	4.0	500.0	2000.0
劳动力	Tending of woody regeneration	person-days	10.0	500.0	5000.0
劳动力	Application of fertilizers	person-days	4.0	500.0	2000.0
设备	Weeding equipment (manual weeding tool)	lump sum	1.0	1000.0	1000.0
设备	Bamboo sticks for tying up seedlings	pieces	800.0	2.0	1600.0
设备	Rope	lump sum	1.0	1000.0	1000.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Compost fertilizer	Kg	625.0	4.0	2500.0
施工材料	Rod, Cement, Sand, Khoa, etc for RCC signboard	Lump sum	1.0	1000.0	1000.0
技术建立所需总成本					16600.0
技术建立总成本，美元					197.62

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Bangladesh forest department is the land user and the total cost of the establishment borne by CREL project

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	1st year weeding	3 times
2.	2nd year weeding	3 times
3.	3rd year weeding	2 times
4.	4th year weeding	2 times
5.	5th year climber cutting	1 time

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	1st year weeding	person-days	15.0	500.0	7500.0
劳动力	2nd year weeding	person-days	15.0	500.0	7500.0
劳动力	3rd year weeding	person-days	10.0	500.0	5000.0
劳动力	4th year weeding and 5th year climber cutting	person-days	15.0	500.0	7500.0	100.0
设备	Weeding equipment (manual weeding tools)	lump sum	1.0	1000.0	1000.0
技术维护所需总成本					28500.0
技术维护总成本，美元					339.29

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

The 4th year weeding and 5th year climber cutting borne by forest department

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The most important factor affecting the costs is labor

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

否

具体说明:

Under co-management system

注释:

Co-management of forest ensures active participation of all concerned parties in the management or maintenance of natural resources on the basis of consensus among the stakeholders involved in the management of the natural resources of an area

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好
季节性温度	夏季	增加	好
年降雨量		减少	适度
季雨量	湿季/雨季	增加	适度

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
滑坡	不好

注释:

Note to coping with landslides; Due to the events of landslides in the upper slope sometimes the seedlings and young trees suffered at the foot slope. The degraded upland area can be recovered through ANR with enrichment planting to reduces the events of landslides and slope stabilization.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
It is a low cost intervention to regain the protective roles of the forest.
Community Patrolling Group (CPG) are involved in maintenance of ANR forest through co-management of natural resources. Regular patrolling activity reduces the disturbance in forest and help to prevent land degradation.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Biodiversity conservation and wildlife habitat restoration are accelerated through ANR.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
ANR is less effective in enhancing floral diversity than techniques e.g. mixed plantation, enrichment plantation, selection cum improvement etc. It promotes the existing regeneration and significant portion of regeneration comes from the dominant trees of the stand.	Enrichment plantations with ANR can increase the floral diversity.
The forest restored through ANR may have less commercial value in terms of timber compared to commercial plantation. This weakness of ANR is only valid for the forest which is managed for production purpose.	Desirable timber species can be planted as enrichment with ANR.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
ANR is suitable for areas where some level of natural succession is in progress. This, because sufficient tree regeneration must be present on the targeted site so their growth can be accelerate through ANR.	Plantation activity with other restoration method should be practiced where natural succession is low or absent.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Shono, K., E. A. Cadaweng & P. B. Durst (2007) Application of assisted natural regeneration to restore degraded tropical forestlands. Restoration Ecology, 15, 620-626.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://www.fao.org/forestry/19102-0bf30dd3d800687636a5ddc85e409044a.pdf

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Medhakachapia National Park

URL:

http://nishorgo.org/project/medhakachapia-national-park/

7.4 一般注释

The WOCAT questionnaire covers all the technical aspects of this SLM practice