1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Swiss Red Cross (Swiss Red Cross) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The progressive terracing technology results from successive deposits of sediments upstream of any other anti-erosional structure, in this case vetiver grass hedges (vetiveria zizanioides). To better stabilize the slopes in the long-term, new trees are planted downstream of the vetiver hedges.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology can be implemented wherever slopes are being cultivated. Ideally, it would be applied as a preventive measure in lands where the land is still in good condition. In Haiti, however, the Swiss Red Cross (CRS) uses it instead as a restoration measure where soil has already been degraded by surface erosion. The principle of terracing consists of reshaping the terrain of a given slope into a succession of steep slopes and platforms with little or no gradient. Progressive terraces result from successive deposits of sediments upstream of any other anti-erosion structure. To make the anti-erosive structure, the CRS in Haiti uses mostly vetiver grass because vetiver 1) has deep roots, 2) can be cut and used as mulch and 3) is easily accessible and well known in Haiti thanks to the fragrance industry. Below (downstream) the vetiver hedges, tree seedlings are planted to better stabilize the soil in the long-term. Ideally, fruit trees would be planted so that land users could benefit more. However, if the soil is to degraded, forest trees are better suited since they are less demanding. Between the vetiver hedges, the landholders can cultivate crops. It is recommended not to use crops whose roots are consumed (potatoes, peanuts, cassava, etc.), but to plant legumes that fix nitrogen and / or perennial crops. From time to time vetiver can be cut and used as mulching.
The progressive terracing with vetiver has two objectives: On the one hand, by stabilizing the slopes with its deep roots and by retaining the rainwater runoff and the eroded sediments in the canals upstream the hedges, this technology protects communities and crops downstream against landslides, floods and siltation. On the other hand, the terraces are supposed to have a favorable effect on the water sources: by retaining it in the channels, the water can infiltrate more easily into the ground and recharge the aquifers. Like that, in times of drought, the water table has more reserve of water. In addition, this technique has the advantage of restoring degraded slopes since the sediments accumulated in the canals are fertile and allow agriculture between the terraces.
Unlike mechanical terraces, progressive terraces need less work for setting up. They are also less expensive than dry stone terraces and it is easier to transport vetiver plants than stones.
The disadvantage is that land users are afraid of losing arable land with this technology. They exploit their plots as much as possible and apply it only when the soil is completely degraded. Another disadvantage is that the oil extracted from the roots of vetiver is very sought-after in the fragrance industry. Therefore, from time to time there are people who dig up the vetivers in order to sell its roots.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2014

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域
• 降低灾害风险
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响

• adapt to steep slopes

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

This technology can be implemented wherever slopes are being cultivated. Normally the technology is used as a restoration measure when the soil has already been degraded by weeded/ ploughed crops.

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 是（请在技术实施前填写以下有关土地利用的问题）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施
• 减少基于生态系统的灾害风险

• In the long term: agroforestry

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

A2: Vetiver grass can be cut and used for mulching.
V1: The SRC combines the technology of progressive terracing with vetiver hedges with reforestation.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Hg: assumption

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Ideally, the technique would be applied to prevent degradation, but in Haiti, it is used as a measure to reduce land degradation and to restore severely degraded land.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

HTG

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

62.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	If necessary: deforest the plot
2.	Measure the slope with A-level and calculate the necessary distance between the lines of vetiver
3.	Mark out the contour lines (put a stake every 3m)	Beginning of the rainy season so that the vetiver can grow well -> March / April
4.	Dig a channel following marked contour lines	March / April
5.	Plant the vetiver seedlings every 10-15cm on the ridges of soil below(downstream) the canal	March / April
6.	Plant the tree seedlings every 3m below (downstream) the vetiver lines	March / April

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Unskilled labourer	person-days	20.0	200.0	4000.0	100.0
劳动力	Skilled labourer	person-days	5.0	1000.0	5000.0
设备	Machete	pieces	1.0	5.0	5.0	100.0
设备	Pickaxe	pieces	3.0	5.0	15.0	100.0
设备	A-level	pieces	1.0	5.0	5.0	100.0
设备	Hoe	pieces	5.0	5.0	25.0	100.0
植物材料	Vetiver grass	cuttings	2000.0	2.0	4000.0
植物材料	Trees	cuttings	67.0	50.0	3350.0
技术建立所需总成本					16400.0
技术建立总成本，美元					264.52

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Unskilled labour is provided by the community based organizations (OCB). The Swiss Red Cross offers a technician (skilled labor). The equipment (hoes, picks, ...) are provided by labouers themselves or the OCBs. Vetiver and tree cuttings are provided by the community.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Replant dead cuttings	2 times a year
2.	Reparing broken ridges	2 times a year
3.	Verify if ridges are ok	In the beginning once a month, after that only once every three months
4.	Cultivate normally	From tree months after implementation

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Land user and his family (monthly check, 1/2 day of work for 200m)	person-days	6.0	200.0	1200.0	100.0
劳动力	Replanting dead cuttings and reparing ridges (2 times a year total 5 working days for 20 people)	person-days	100.0	200.0	20000.0	100.0
设备	Hoe	pieces	1.0	5.0	5.0	100.0
植物材料	Vetiver cuttings replaced after rainy season (5%)	cuttings	65.0	2.0	130.0
植物材料	Vetiver cuttings replaced after dry period (40%)	cuttings	533.0	2.0	1066.0
技术维护所需总成本					22401.0
技术维护总成本，美元					361.31

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Labor is provided by the OCBs. The equipment (hoes, picks, ...) are provided by labourers themselves or OCBs. Vetiver and tree cuttings are provided by the community

注释:

The costs depend a lot on the proportion of the damage and the damage depends on the weather. It is recommended to implement the measurement at the begining of the rainy season.
Land users have the necessary tools (the 5 HTGs are budgeted as compensation cost for using their own tools).

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

1) Skilled labourers
2) Maintenance costs depends very much on the weather: if it rains too much, runoff destroys the ridges by forms gullies and remove the vetiver cuttings which were not sufficiently rooted. If it does not rain enough during the first weeks, the vetivers can not form roots, dry out and must be replaced.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

In Haiti this technology is applied on very degraded sites with very shallow soil. But normally it is advisable to have a ground of a minimum of 25cm of depth (Régis and Roy 1999).
The technology can be applied everywhere, therefore, the soil can be sandy, loamy/silty or clay

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users age: young, middle-aged and elderly.

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）
• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

对现场影响的评估（测量）进行具体说明:

The impacts are just estimates, they have not been quantified yet.

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

对场外影响（测量）的评估进行具体说明:

The impacts are just estimates, they have not been quantified yet.

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
热带风暴	好
局地暴雨	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
滑坡	非常好

注释:

The first period of rain is shifting (March-May -> April-June);
For vetiver grass, the first 3 months are decisive: there must be neither too much nor too little rain. After these three months, the drought has a negligible impact.
The SRC receives many positive feedbacks on this technology. The communities appreciate its benefits.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

If the slopes were too degraded, it is necessary to wait a few months / years until land users can enjoy the benefits of this technology.

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

其它（具体说明）:

Terrain conditions

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

The Swiss Red Cross has tried out this technology by using sugar cane instead of vetiver. But since vetiver has deeper roots and is more resistant to dry periods, the SRC abandoned the variation with sugar cane.

If the ground is too degraded it is not necessary to make long lines of vetiver with always the same distance between one and the other (see the photo under description). We must adapt to the terrain.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
vegetable matter for mulching
sediment retention
increased soil moisture

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
smoothens the slope
recuces soil erosion
improves soil fertility

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Land users believe this technology recuces the arable surface.	It is necessary to increase the land users awareness regarding the benefits of the technology, like for example the productivity which increases.
The implementation of the technology is very labour-intensive.	Show that other technologies give even more work (e.g. progressive terraces with dry stones)

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The technique with vetiver grass depends on rain and as a result it is more vulnerable than dry stone technology.	The dry stone technology is only applied where there are stones locally available. Otherwise buying the stones and transporting them would cost too much.

7.1 信息的方法/来源