1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Book project: where people and their land are safer - A Compendium of Good Practices in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) (where people and their land are safer)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Tear Fund Switzerland (Tear Fund Switzerland) - 瑞士

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

07/09/2016

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

注释:

So far, where this technology has been applied, the water runoff has been reduced, water retention increased and soils trapped

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A soil and water conservation channel is an excavated trench along the contour with tie bands after an interval to trap water and soil which are being washed down the slopes by a downpour

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The technology is applied in already existing degraded farmlands, which are individually owned. An average farm size is less than half an acre.

A typical soil and water conservation channel is a trench 1m wide, 1m deep and with tie bands (1m wide to avoid flow of water along the trench) at intervals of 10m along the contour. The excavated soil is used piled up into an earth bund next to the trench at lower side and stabilized by planting hedge rows of "Starria grass" to avoid erosion.

This technology reduces the speed of water running down the slope during a downpour and traps the water and soil that is being washed thereby reducing soil erosion and increasing water retention.

Areas which are prone to degradation by erosion are identified and later, the farmers are trained on benefits of this technology, how to set out the technology by use of the ‘A – frame’, how to construct the channels and how to maintain them by periodic de-silting and planting grasses and shrubs on the bands.

The 'A - Frame' is an A shaped structure made from wooden poles or thin metal poles that can be easily constructed and used to peg flat or graded contours or water drains.

This technology helps maintain the good top soil, which would have otherwise been washed down the slope into the valley and increases water retention.

The land users like this technology because their soil is not lost but what they dislike about this technology is that it is labour intensive, setting it out is technical and not easily conceptualized and it takes part of the land. Individual land users excavate these channels in their individual plots of land using simple hand tools like hoes, spades and pick axes.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2015

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

The technology was introduced under the Integrated Water Resources Management Project to support farmers to mazimise land productivity

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域
• 降低灾害风险
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 减缓气候变化及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 2

具体说明:

September to January and March to June

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 轮作制度（轮作、休耕、轮垦）
• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

注释:

The technology is implemented among farmers in a given area but is adopted by more farmers

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Indicated on drawings above

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

3300.0

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Setting out the soil and water conservation channel using the A-frame to set out the contour lines	结构性的	After harvest of crops
2.	Excavation of the soil and water conservation channel and build up soil bund on the lower side of the trench; leave a tie band every 10 meters	结构性的	In the dry season
3.	Planting of hedge rows on the bands	植物性的	On the onset of rains

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Setting out	meter	150.0	0.02	3.0	100.0
劳动力	Excavation of the channels	meter	150.0	1.06	159.0	100.0
劳动力	Planting starria grass	meter	150.0	0.02	3.0	100.0
设备	Forked hoes (1 piece can excavate 1km)	meter	6.67	5.0	33.35
设备	Pick axes (1 piece can excavate 1km)	meter	6.67	5.0	33.35
设备	Spades (1 piece can be used on 1km)	meter	6.67	5.0	33.35
植物材料	Starria grass (1 sack for 20m)	sacks	7.5	7.0	52.5
技术建立所需总成本					317.55

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Kigezi Diocese Water and Sanitation Programme

注释:

The land users, after being trained, set out the soil and water conservation channels for themselves but the tools are beyond the financial capacity of the land user hence the need for subsidy

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	De-silting the channels and spreading the silt on the fields and restoring the bunds	结构性的	When half full
2.	Maintenance of the hedge rows by triming and replanting empty spaces	植物性的	Continuous

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Desilting of channels (when half full)	meter	1.0	0.265	0.27	100.0
劳动力	Trimming of hedge rows (100m per day)	days	1.0	0.0212	0.02	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					0.29

注释:

The initial investment of the equipment is adequate for maintenance at least for some years

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The costs have been calculated basing on depth of top soil of 51 – 80cm. When the depth of the top soil is shallow, then the costs of breaking the underlying sub-surface layers, which are usually rock, are much higher. Also during the rainy season, the soil is more workable

The costs of maintenance will be less where the rest of the landscape also has conservation channels, has good vegetative cover and where the hill slope is gentle.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

偶然

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Water quantity and quality is dependent on human activities and rainfall patterns

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	未知
季节性温度	湿季/雨季	增加	未知
季节性温度	旱季	增加	未知
年降雨量		减少	好
季雨量	湿季/雨季	减少	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好
局地雷暴	好
局地雹灾	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
陆地火灾	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	非常好
山洪暴发	非常好
滑坡	好

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
流行病	适度
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	未知

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

The adoption rate of this technology is gradual as people keep appreciating the benefits

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
1) It controls soil loss from the land users garden
2) It provides silt which is spread in their garden
3) Hedge rows are used as fodder and as mulching material
4) The conserved water is used to benefit the plants in the same garden

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
1) It improves water percolation in the soil which increases soil moisture content and increases ground water recharge
2) It is a simple technology which uses simple hand tools
3) It reduces conflicts related to land being washed into the neighbours plot since land is fragmented

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
1) This technology requires a lot of hard labour	The land users were encouraged to form small groups which work together to ease the work and share knowledge and skill
2) Land users feel that the channels take up alot of their land, which would otherwise be used for growing crops	The land users have been helped to appreciate the benefits of the technology in making the seemingly smaller land more productive

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
1) This technology is dependent on land users continued efforts in de-silting and maintenance of the hedge rows. When this is not done the technology fails	Land users are encouraged to periodically desilt the channels
2) The effectiveness of this technology is dependent on the compliance of other land users in the landscape. For example if it is done downhill and not uphill, then the channels will be overwhelmed by the volume of the soil and water runoff	All community members were sensitised on the importance and effectiveness of this technology and existing by-laws will foster members uphill to practice the technology. The benefits of the technology will encourage other land users to adopt it
3) The process of maintaining and rolling out this technology requires engagement of many stakeholders	Management structures, which are well linked with government structures, have been set up and trained at various levels to manage the process of maintaining and rolling out the technology

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Kigezi Diocese Water and Sanitation Programme, IWRM Annual Report (April 2015 - March 2016)

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

www.kigezi-watsan.ug

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

IWRM Pilot report 2013

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

www.kigezi-watsan.ug

7.3 链接到网络上可用的相关信息

标题/说明:

Handbook of chennel design for soil and water conservation

URL:

www.worldwidehelpers.org

标题/说明:

Soil conservation handbook

URL:

www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/ftpref/wntsc/H&H/TRsTPs/TP61.pdf

标题/说明:

Soil conservation

URL:

http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0321e/t0321e-10.htm