1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) - 中国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

22/05/2002

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 请参阅有关SLM方法的问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Controlling a small watershed comprehensively with structural, vegetative, management, and agronomic measures based on harvesting area of ground water and underground water, to improve the production and conservation of land.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Over several decades of SWC practices, a successful experience of SWC has been concluded, that is Small Watershed Comprehensive Development. The main aim is regarded a small watershed as a control unit for soil and water conservation. The approach is to control soil and water loss comprehensively by structural measure combining vegetative, agronomic and management measures. Specifically:
1. Agronomic method/measure: contour cultivation, area closure, and green manure
2. Vegetative method/measure: plant trees, grass, grass strip, windbreaks and reforestation
3. Structural method/measures: terrace, ands, small reservoir, and dams
4. Land use management/measure: grazing, area closure, and land use change

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

From 1950's, China began to work on integrated control of watershed based on the long term experiences of the mass's practices in SWC.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): In the mountainous area, land users always open up wasteland along slopes to improve/increase the productivity, but these lands tend to increase in the soil loss. In my opinion, in these areas land users should plant trees to develop economy, increase the annual productivity to improve the economy.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): The land users become to realize the importance of maintaining ecological balance, so many of them are now acting to plant trees and stopping overgrazing in the areas.

Grazingland comments: More recently, SWC areas are closed, calling for stall feeding.

Problems / comments regarding forest use: Developing more fruit trees and economic woodland.

Type of grazing system comments: More recently, SWC areas are closed, calling for stall feeding.

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

Water supply also mixed rainfed - irrigated

每年的生长季节数:

• 3

具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 90Longest growing period from month to month: Jul - SepSecond longest growing period in days: 60Second longest growing period from month to month: May - Jun

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 地表水管理（泉、河、湖、海）

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 均匀地分布在一个区域

如果该技术均匀地分布在一个区域上，请注明覆盖的大致区域。:

• 10-100 平方千米

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 39.8 m2.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Type of agronomic measures: early planting, zero tillage / no-till, minimum tillage, contour tillage

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), poverty / wealth (Lack of captial)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert, reduction of slope angle, improvement of ground cover, increase of surface roughness, increase in organic matter, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting, increase in soil fertility, improvement of soil structure

Early planting
Material/ species: velamen
Quantity/ density: Row

Zero tillage / no-till
Material/ species: On the slope lands where have

Minimum tillage
Material/ species: On the slopes where have

Trees/ shrubs species: pine

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 28.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 15.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 60.00%

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 28.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 15.00%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 40.00%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:5.00

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	plant fence beside terrace	植物性的	1965
2.	terrace	结构性的	1968
3.	small reservior	结构性的	1959

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 84 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	conserving soil and planting crops	农业学的	seeding season / annual
2.	improve fertilizer	农业学的	winter, spring /
3.	increase fertilizer	农业学的	seeding season /
4.	Cutting fence, planting	植物性的	fall /annual
5.	terrace	结构性的	leisure/annual
6.	small reservior	结构性的	winter/annual

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

It is estimated from the management in local area.

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Much money is needed to build terraces if hill slope is steeper.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Landforms also valley floors and footslopes

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility; medium

Soil drainage / infiltration: good

Soil water storage capacity: low

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2

Annual population growth: < 0.5%

80% of the land users are rich and own 100% of the land (Lease bared land).

Off-farm income specification: It is much different between whose who have SWC practice and not involved in the SWC. Those who take part in the SWC implementation can get much benefits than whose who not.

Level of mechanization: animal traction: Land in the mountain areas are very small, tilled using animal labor, some are tilled by tractor.

Level of mechanization: mechanized/motorized: If area of land is large enough for tractor.

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

138 Households

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 10-50%

注释:

90% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

80 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

30% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

58 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: More and more peasants and local government become to understand the advantages. They would use these technologies. Meanwhile they also want to get help from the government.