1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Book project: where the land is greener - Case Studies and Analysis of Soil and Water Conservation Initiatives Worldwide (where the land is greener)

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A protective and productive high-input agroforestry system comprising multi-purpose ditches with bunds, live barriers of grass, contour ridging,
annual crops and fruit trees.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The intensive agroforestry system (silvoagricultura) combines traditional and newly developed practices adapted to the area’s conditions. The idea is to concentrate cropping on a limited area, a plot of 0.4 ha per household, in a highly integrated, intensive and diversified continuous land use system, thereby integrating soil and water conservation - specifically avoiding traditional slash and burn practices.
Each ‘agroforestry plot’ comprises four to five 50 cm wide and 40 m long multipurpose ditches that are excavated along the contour, 6 to 12 m apart, depending on the slope. The ditches retain runoff water which infiltrates the soil, thus reducing erosion and improving soil moisture. They also act as compost ditches for all types of organic residues on the farm. Residues, enriched with manure (from chickens and guinea pigs) are tipped into the ditches, and within 8 to12 months this decomposes into a fertile medium for the cultivation of vegetables and other crops.

The main purpose is to increase and diversify production, and at the same time to protect natural resources and regenerate degraded areas.

Grass strips are planted on the earth bund on the upper side of the ditch for stabilisation of the structure, retention of runoff and capture of eroded sediment. The grass is cut several times a year to feed guinea pigs, which in turn recycle this into manure. On the lower side of the contour ditches, fruit trees and bananas are planted. Rows of multipurpose trees (mainly indigenous species) are planted around each agroforestry plot as a windbreak and for economic reasons: yielding fruit and timber. Between the structures, annual (and semi-perennial) crops are grown on hand-dug micro-terraces/ridges, again sited along the contour. Some farmers intercrop with legumes. Supportive technologies are protection of wells,
afforestation and, where possible, irrigation to enhance production. Production is based on principles of organic farming.High initial inputs of external manure are subsidised by the project (CISEC; see associated approach). The remainder of each farmer’s land is left to natural regeneration, reforested, or where needed, used for conventional cropping

The system is implemented on degraded and often steep slopes in subhumid areas where intensive rainfall and dry periods alternate. The land is officially owned communally (an ‘Indigenous Reserve’), but land use rights are individual. The region has a high population density: people are basically of indigenous origin and live in very poor conditions.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林业

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): - soil degradation/reduced soil fertility
- inappropriate soil management: monoculture, slash and burn, no or short fallow periods
- intensive rainfall on steep, unprotected slopes
- drought and wind erosion in dry season
- lack of economic resources
- high population density

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 横坡措施

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Type of agronomic measures: mixed cropping / intercropping, manure / compost / residues

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub) (inadequate management of land with steep slopes), overgrazing (prior degradation by landowner's livestock), industrial activities and mining (degradation of gold mining and other products), education, access to knowledge and support services, inter-generational subdivision of land (traditional custom)
Secondary causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (primary forest alomst disappeared), poverty / wealth (lack of capital, poverty and further agricultural employers)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	1. Clear land (only slashing, no burning).	Beginning of rainy season (April)
2.	2. Determine contours with A-frame, spacing between structures dependson slope (4 m between ditches on steepest slopes, 14 m on gentle slopes).	Beginning of rainy season (April)
3.	3. Dig ditches, build bunds above, and dig holes for tree seedlings.	Beginning of rainy season (April)
4.	4. Establish micro-terraces/ridges (earth enriched with manure and residues:all structures along the contour).	During the dry season (June to September)
5.	6. Plant grass strips on the bund (for stabilisation of structure).	During the dry season (June to September)
6.	7. Plant fruit/banana trees and legumes below the bunds.	During the dry season (June to September)
7.	8. Plant fruit and timber trees along the boundaries of the agroforestry	During the dry season (June to September)

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	labour	ha	1.0	220.0	220.0	100.0
植物材料	seeds	ha	1.0	15.0	15.0	5.0
植物材料	seedlings	ha	1.0	450.0	450.0	5.0
肥料和杀菌剂	compost/manure	ha	1.0	600.0	600.0	5.0
技术建立所需总成本					1285.0
技术建立总成本，美元					1285.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	5. Fill ditches with organic residues, adding earth mixed with manure.	During the dry season (June to September) / initial establishment
2.	4. Fill ditches with organic material, residues (after harvest), manure, etcand let it decompose.
3.	6. Dig out compost and spread	(beginning of growing season (September) /
4.	7. Apply additional fertilizer/manure	/ 3 times/year
5.	1. Cut grass ( grass used to feed guinea pigs).	/4–6 times/year
6.	2. Control weeds	/3 times/year
7.	5. Plant vegetables on fertile composted earth in ditches	/dry season, optional
8.	8. Plant various crops: contour cropping, intercropping, integrate greenmanures (legumes).
9.	3. Rebuild/repair structures	dry season

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	labour	ha	1.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	biocides	ha	1.0	45.0	45.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					145.0
技术维护总成本，美元					145.0

注释:

Machinery/ tools: machete, shovel, pickaxes, A-frame, planting stick (chuzo)
As an exception in this case study costs are calculated per plot and not per ha, since establishment is strictly limited
to an area of 0.4 ha per household. The remaining area is not treated but left for natural regeneration of vegetation or
conventional farming (if needed). Labour costs vary according to slope: a typical/average situation is given in the tables above (no further details available). Note that for comparison purposes with other technologies on a per hectare basis these costs would equate to US$ 3,135 for establishment and US$ 355 for maintenance.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Off-farm income specification: most farmers depend economically entirely on their own crop production

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄
• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
260 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology. There is a slight growing spontaneous adoption by land users living outside the approach area.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Rehabilitation of soil fertility over short term
Increased and permanent production
Increased food security and balanced diet
Adapted to very heterogeneous climatic and topographic conditions.
Protective-productive system: compromise between land capability class (forest) and cultivation needs

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Rigid design of the technology and fixed guidelines for implementation activities (pre-conditions for incentive support by project)	Give more flexibility to the farmers for individual modifications.
High demand for manual labour	Emphasis on group work, implement in dry season (when labour force is available at the household level).
High external inputs at the beginning (makes the technology very expensive)	Manure is needed to restore soil fertility in the short-term, land users pay the inputs in form of labour in the CISEC; revolving funds and composting ensure manure supplies on the long term.
Decreased pH (soil acidity)	Compensate by ecological improvements such as application of lime and ashes.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

CISEC . Establecimiento de Lotes de Silvoagricultura. 1998.

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Gurtner M . Bodendegradierung und Bodenkonservierung inden Anden Kolumbiens – Eine Nachhaltigkeitsstudie im Rahmen des WOCAT-Programms, unpublished MSc Thesis, Science Faculty, University of Berne,Centre for Development and Environment. 1999.