1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

It is a structural measure with an embankment of soil or stones or soil and stones, constructed along the contour and stablized with vegetative measures (grass and fodder trees).

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Applied on different land uses on slope of more than 3%. This practice is widely used by farmers in the area. Stone and stone faced bunds height depends on the availability of stones. On the average the width is 1-1.2m and hieght is 0.6-0.7m.

Purpose of the Technology: Bunds reduce the velocity of runoff and soil erosion, retains water behind the bund and let it infiltrate. It further helps in ground water recharging.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Planning is made by community/group and individual discussion and reach a consensus on layout, spacing, implementation modalities and management requirments is reached before implementation.

Natural / human environment: The technology is applicable in areas where soil is moderately deep and stones are available

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Other countries and also other woredas in the country.

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Absence of land use policy, low level of awarness, shortage of farm lands.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Continous cultivation, poor soil fertility, poverty, shortage of cultivated lands.

Plantation forestry: Yes

Problems / comments regarding forest use: Many peasant kebeles have earned money by selling eucalyptus grown on plantation areas of the community. Some have built schools from the proceeds. Some kebeles have shared sizable money from the sales of trees.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Cereals - legumes - cereals

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 横坡措施

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: structural measures

Secondary measures: agronomic measures, vegetative measures, management measures

Type of agronomic measures: early planting, mixed cropping / intercropping, legume inter-planting, manure / compost / residues, breaking compacted topsoil, contour tillage

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour, scattered / dispersed

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Secondary goals: Rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Birr

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

8.6

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Production of planting materials	beginning of rains
2.	Planting on the bund	during rains
3.	Survey	dry season
4.	Excavating the ditches and constructing the enbankment	dry season
5.	desho grass transportation	during rains
6.	Planting Desho grass on the bund	during rains
7.	Group formation	dry season
8.	Follow up and evaluating the activities	throughout the year

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	156.0	156.0	5.0
设备	Machine use	ha	1.0	27.8	27.8
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	32.1	32.1	70.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	1.0	27.0	27.0	100.0
植物材料	Seedlings	ha	1.0	29.0	29.0	100.0
其它	Grass	ha	1.0	306.0	306.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					577.9
技术建立总成本，美元					67.2

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 24 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Contour tillage	dry season / annual
2.	Contour tillage	dry season / two to three times
3.	Sawing	during rains / annual
4.	Weeding	during rains / one or twice a year
5.	Harvesting	dry season / annual
6.	Replanting	during rains /once
7.	Reconstruction	dry season/annual
8.	Replanting	rainy season/annual

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour	ha	1.0	18.84	18.84	100.0
设备	Machine use	ha	1.0	81.39	81.39	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					100.23
技术维护总成本，美元					11.65

注释:

Machinery/ tools: Shovel, hoe, water level, string

The cost is culculated per length of structure and other agricultural activities undertaken and the cost is in a hectare of land.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Type of hand tools, Slope of the land and soil depth.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zone: 2001-2500 m a.s.l. (Ranked 1, below 2400m asl, very suitable to wheat, barley and horse beans.) and 1501-2000 m a.s.l. (ranked 2, over 1900m asl, very suitable to cereal crops including maize)
Landforms: Hill slopes (ranked 1, dominant land forms with flatter village areas at the top) also, ridges (ranked 2) and plateau/plains (ranked 3)
Slopes on average: Rolling (Ranked 1, the technology is mostly implemented here), moderate (ranked 2, dominantly cultivated) and hilly (ranked 3, area enclosures) as well as gentle and steep (both ranked 3)

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Also moderately deep (ranked 2, dominant soil depth in the SWC area) and shallow (ranked 3, degraded hillsides)
Soil texture: Fine/heavy (ranked 1, clay loam nitisols and vertisols) and medium (ranked 2, soils with high productivity)
Soil fertility: medium (ranked 1, most of the cereal cropped areas) and high (ranked 2, soils in the homestead)
Topsoil organic matter: Low (ranked 1, for all cereal cropped lands) and medium (ranked 2, land with perennial crops and homestead areas)
Soil drainage/infiltration: good (ranked 1, croplands on hillslopes ) and medium (ranked 2)
Soil water storage capacity: High (vertisols and soils on flat slopes)

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
6% of the land users are rich and own 19% of the land.
35% of the land users are average wealthy and own 45% of the land.
45% of the land users are poor and own 15% of the land.
12% of the land users are poor and own 7% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: Land users who have SWC measures on their land have better income compared to others who do not have and they have better scope to get engaged in small trade.
Market orientation of production system: subsistence (cultivation and weeding of perennial crops done by hoe and weeding manual) and mixed (tillage is done by oxen)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

10% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

25600 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

5% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Farmers have acquired some technical skills that enables them implement SWC measures by themselves on their own land with little external support.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
increased crop production How can they be sustained / enhanced? use high yielding varities and better farming systems.
soil erosion reduced

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
soils protected from erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? more awarness creation and strengthening maintenance
sources of income diversified How can they be sustained / enhanced? introduce more productive multipurposive activities

7.1 信息的方法/来源