1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

The Transboundary Agro-ecosystem Management Project for the Kagera River Basin (GEF-FAO / Kagera TAMP )

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO Food and Agriculture Organization) - 意大利

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Missenyi District Council (Missenyi District Council) - 坦桑尼亚联合共和国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

This is a traditional banana and coffee complex cropping system interplanted with annual crops, trees,shrubs, vegetables and other diverse plants of social economic importance.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Improved traditional multi-cropping system that combines banana and coffee as main crops planted in a specific spacing to optimize plant stands. Banana and coffee are intercropped with; 1. annuals crops: Maize, beans, yams, coco-yams;2. Vegetables: Lycoperscum esculentum, Amaranthus spp, Cucumis communis and Solanum aethopium ;3. Shrubs of social economic value. Trees (e.g Maesopsis eminii, Makhcamia lutea, Ricinus comunis, Ficus thorninghii) and shrubs (Dracaena usambarensis) are planted on the farm edge. These serve as live fence, wind breaker, source of timber, fuel wood, medicine and protect the field against erosion. To optimize farm production, application of 15cm thick mulch ( grass mulch and banana prunnings), farmyard or compost manure and interplanting with soil fertility and/or soil moisture improvement trees are ensured. With problems of climate change, water harvesting ditches and trenches are constructed. Water harvesting ditches are constructed to collect water from micro catchments like roads or homestead. Sustainability of the Improved Kibanja system has always been assured through crop/livestock integration approaches.The cropping system is typical in high rainfall areas along foot slopes, valley bottoms or hilltops preferably on fertile and deep soils.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose is improve soil fertility,moisture, controlling soil erosion (wind and water) and suppressing weeds in order to improve the production banana, coffee and other inter planted crops.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Establishment activities: 1. Land clearing and preparation: Slashing, uprooting tree stumps, ploughing and pitting 60cm x 90cm banana hole and 60cm x 60cm coffee (Mid June to August) using simple farm implements; 2.Farm Yard Manure application: 60 Kg per banana holes and 36 Kg per coffee hole (August to early September); 2. Planting: 308 banana suckers at 3.6m x 8m spacing, 830 coffee seedlings at 3m x 8m spacing in alternating row, edge row trees seedling at 10m spacing and 15cm spacing for shrubs e.g. Dracaena usambarensis (September to November);4. Excavation of water retention structure ( after planting mainly in Novermber). Full establishment of Improved Kibanja cropping system can be attained in three years.
Maintenance activities:1. Weeding:Done two times per year (mid January to February / July to augost) before planting annual crops; 2.FYM enrichment: Every after 3 years; iii. banana dethrashing and desuckering ,topping mulch, coffee pruning and harvesting (Immediately after weeding); 4. Other maintenence activities: Disease control (nematode, banana weevils, Banana Xanthamonas Wilt) and Propping (using pole to support banana plant with heavy bunches against wind); 5.Inputs: Labour, farmyard manure, propping poles, mulch; 6. Simple farm implements:Hand hoe,machete and wheel barrow.

Natural / human environment: The technology is implemented in mixed land use type under sub humid condition receiving 1000-1500mm of rains per year. A combination of soil and water improvement measures (FYM application, Mulching, water retention ditches and live fencing) complement each other to minimize risk of crop failure and hence improve production. The slope is gentle to moderate , soil depth is moderate and soil texture loam. Simple hand tools are traditional used,Land ownership is individual not titled. Application of this technology determined by high establishment and maintenence cost.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Improved traditional land use system: The use of combination of measures in Improved Kibanja Cropping system in Kagera has been existing for more than 100 year ago.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

• improve soil fertility

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农牧业（包括农牧结合）

注释:

Livestock density (if relevant):

1-10 LU /km2

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil nutrient loss, decline of soil moisture and soil erosion by wind and fast water runoff.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Reduced crop production, loss of indigenous medicinal plants, reduced water water quatity in natural water sources.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Due to mixed farming and agroforestry there is high nutrient cycling resulting in high productivity

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 防风林/防护林带
• 集水

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Secondary measures: management measures

Type of agronomic measures: mixed cropping / intercropping, retaining more vegetation cover, mulching, manure / compost / residues, minimum tillage, pits

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -against wind, aligned: -along boundary, aligned: -linear

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Cultivation along the slope and overcultivation), crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub) (Cultivation of season crop without reprenishing of soil nutrients), change of seasonal rainfall (Fractuation in rain season), droughts, population pressure, education, access to knowledge and support services

Secondary causes of degradation: Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts), land tenure, poverty / wealth, inputs and infrastructure: (roads, markets, distribution of water points, other, …)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Land clearing and preparation:Slashing,uprooting tree stumps, ploughing and pitting	June to August
2.	Availing and applying 54 tone Farm Yard	August to early September
3.	Planting: 308 banana suckers 830 coffee and tree edge low tree seedlings	From September
4.	Construction of water harvesting ditches	Once year

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Land clearing	persons/day	202.0	1.18316	239.0	100.0
劳动力	Construction of water harvesting ditches	persons/day	4.0	0.937	3.75	100.0
设备	Tools	ha	1.0	61.56	61.56	100.0
植物材料	Seedlings	pieces	1138.0	0.0468	53.26	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Manure	tons	54.0	34.7222	1875.0
其它	Cuttings	ha	1.0	2234.6	2234.6	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					4467.17
技术建立总成本，美元					4467.17

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 36 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Topping grass mulch	3 times per year
2.	Farm yard manure enrichment	2 times per year
3.	Removal of sediments and debris in water retention ditches.	Every year
4.	To replacement propping Poles	Every 1.5 year
5.	To corve transportation cost	Manure
6.	Replacement of propping pole and live hedges	Every 1.5 year
7.	Removal of sediments and debris in water retention ditches	Once per year

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Topping grass mulch	persons/day	10.0	4.101	41.01	100.0
劳动力	Applying FYM	persons/day	10.0	3.906	39.06	100.0
劳动力	Removal of sediments	persons/day	4.0	0.9375	3.75	100.0
劳动力	To replacement propping Poles	persons/day/ha	10.0	3.906	39.06	100.0
设备	Tools	per ha	4.0	1.875	7.5	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Farm yard manure	tons	20.833	46.8	974.98	100.0
施工材料	Wood	pieces/ha	600.0	0.625	375.0	100.0
其它	Mulching material	bundle	300.0	1.875	562.5	100.0
其它	Transportation	trips	19.0	61.673	1171.79	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					3214.65
技术维护总成本，美元					3214.65

注释:

Machinery/ tools: Machetes, Mattocks, Hand hoe, spade, wheel barrow, Machete,Hand hoes, spade, Hand hoe,Machete, Spade

Cost assesment completed in June 2012

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Manure is most determinate factor high transportation cost especially during establishment

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凹陷情况

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Altitudinal zonation: 1270m a.s.l

Slopes on average: Movement of soil due to erosion, exposure of parent rock on some part of the farm

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil depth on average: Shallow on the hill slope and moderately deep on the valley bottom, also deep sometimes

Soil texture (topsoil): Sandy loam

Topsoil organic matter: Due to the high use of organic manure (farm yard manure) and mulch

Soil fertility is medium

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium due to the high use of organic manure (farm yard manure), mulch, good aeration

Soil water storage capacity is medium due to the high use of organic manure (farm yard manure) and mulch

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Different species of soil micro organisms and plant species

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Difference in the involvement of women and men: The land inheritance is mainly dominated by male, women mostly use the land for production of understory crops such as beans; banana and coffee production is dominated by men

Population density: > 500 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%; 3%

5% of the land users are very rich and own 30% of the land (Own 2.5-5 acre land, car, 10-20 catlle,brick wall house).
15% of the land users are rich and own 20% of the land (Own 1-2.5 acre of land,2-5 cattle, brick wall house).
60% of the land users are average wealthy and own 35% of the land (Own 0.5-1 acre of land,2-3 goats,mud wall house with corrugarated iron roof).
15% of the land users are poor and own 10% of the land (Own 0-0.5 acre of land, no livestock, mud house withgrass roofing).
5% of the land users are poor and own 5% of the land (Does not own land or own less than 0.5 acre of land, work as casual labour).

Off-farm income specification: 90% of land users income depends on on- income

Market orientation of production system: Mainly for substence for commecial

Level of mechanization: Using hand tools

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	不好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
缩短生长期	好

注释:

Use drainage trenches

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

Depending on regular application of manure and mulch plus good management of the farm

6.5 技术采用

• > 50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

317 households (70 percent of all land users in the area)

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

注释:

317 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Limited with high labour and input cost (Manure)

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Increased house hold food security and income How can they be sustained / enhanced? Schedule regular maintenance activities

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Soil moisture conservation How can they be sustained / enhanced? Maintenance of water harvesting ditches and replacement of mulching materials
Soil fertility improvement How can they be sustained / enhanced? Regular application of manure and mulch
Improvement of soil structure and aeration How can they be sustained / enhanced? Manure and mulch application
Control of soil erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? Maintenance of plant cover and water retention ditches, manure and mulch application

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
High labour and capital demand	Phase in implementation and regular maintenance of the technology
High risk of fire	Use of fire breaks

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Improving Productivity of Field Crops and Post Harvest Management in North west Tanzania,United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Cooperatives,2008

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Kagera TAMP project website

URL:

http://www.fao.org/nr/kagera/en/